Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nathan R. Velez, Frances Allen, Mary Ann Jones, Jenn Donohue, Wei Li, Kristofer Pister, Sanjay Govindjee, Gregory F. Meyers, Andrew M. Minor
Summary: A method for small-scale testing and imaging of freestanding, microtomed polymer films using a push-to-pull device was developed, with improvements in sample preparation and device design to enhance accuracy and broaden testing capabilities.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sandra Stangebye, Yin Zhang, Saurabh Gupta, Ting Zhu, Olivier Pierron, Josh Kacher
Summary: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging relies on high energy electrons for atomic scale resolution. The electron beam (e-beam) was found to enhance plastic deformation in nanocrystalline Al, leading to an increase in plastic strain rate and a decrease in activation volume, while having a weaker effect on ultrafine-grained Au. The e-beam effect is due to an effective temperature increase from additional atomic fluctuations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Soleimani, Sai P. Maddala, Martijn Wismans, Wei-Chih Liao, Lambert C. A. van Breemen, Rolf A. T. M. van Benthem, Heiner Friedrich
Summary: Determining the mechanical properties of thin films is crucial for new applications, and this study presents a versatile approach using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and micromanipulators to fabricate free-standing silica beams of desired dimensions. In situ bending tests inside the SEM, as well as finite element method simulations, were conducted to determine the Young's modulus of thin-film silica and evaluate the effects of gallium ion beam radiation and controlled relative humidity on its mechanical behavior. The demonstrated FIB-SEM approach can be applied to measure and optimize mechanical properties of thin films for various applications.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Drazen Radic, Martin Peterlechner, Hartmut Bracht
Summary: The presented FIB technique allows for detailed preparation of specimens for in situ thermal and electrical transmission electron microscopy, resulting in high-quality samples suitable for various materials. It can be performed by most commercially available FIB devices with minimal custom stubs required, making it accessible to a large userbase. Additionally, the reuse of in situ chips for creating multiple samples showcases the versatility and efficiency of the technique.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2021)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zijian Zhang, Wanting Wang, Zuoyuan Dong, Xin Yang, Fang Liang, Xinqian Chen, Chaolun Wang, Chen Luo, Jiayan Zhang, Xing Wu, Litao Sun, Junhao Chu
Summary: The complexity and size reduction of electronic devices pose challenges for extraction and characterization of nanoscale areas using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Traditional TEM sample preparation methods are not precise enough for specific areas of the device. Focused ion beam (FIB) technology, however, offers advanced capabilities for in situ specimen preparation in TEM. This review discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of FIB in preparing TEM samples for different types of electronic devices, and proposes future research directions for improving the quality of TEM samples.
ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kei-ichiro Uemura, Yoshihiro Miyazono, Tasuku Hiroshige, Keisuke Ohta, Kosuke Ueda, Kiyoaki Nishihara, Makoto Nakiri, Shingo Hirashima, Tsukasa Igawa, Kei-ichiro Nakamura
Summary: This study aimed to clarify the three-dimensional ultrastructure of head-side mice spermatozoa mitochondria. Conventional TEM and FIB/SEM tomography were used to analyze the five mitochondria on the spermatozoa head. The study revealed that the head-most mitochondria have a unique morphology.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ondrej Dyck, Jacob L. Swett, Charalambos Evangeli, Andrew R. Lupini, Jan A. Mol, Stephen Jesse
Summary: Graphene is proposed for various nanodevice designs, but faces challenges in visualization, measurement, and manipulation at nanometer and atomic scales. This study demonstrates the use of SEEBIC imaging technique to visualize conductance and connectivity in graphene nanodevices, as well as detect subtle differences in charge transport.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ewelina Gacka, Piotr Kunicki, Andrzej Sikora, Robert Bogdanowicz, Mateusz Ficek, Teodor Gotszalk, Ivo W. Rangelow, Krzysztof Kwoka
Summary: This paper presents the fabrication process and electromechanical properties of novel atomic force microscopy probes using single-crystal boron-doped diamond. The developed probes show high durability and wear resistance, along with good linear current voltage response during testing.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jacqueline Heinen-Weiler, Mike Hasenberg, Martin Heisler, Stephan Settelmeier, Anna-Lena Beerlage, Hannah Doepper, Bernd Walkenfort, Andrea Odersky, Peter Luedike, Elke Winterhager, Tienush Rassaf, Ulrike B. Hendgen-Cotta
Summary: This study highlights the importance of 3D analysis in characterizing mitochondrial features in cardiac tissue samples. The findings suggest that BNIP3 deletion physiologically regulates mitochondrial number, indicating a role in mitochondrial fusion/fission processes and cardiac bioenergetics homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sangeetha Hari, P. H. F. Trompenaars, J. J. L. Mulders, Pieter Kruit, C. W. Hagen
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of focused electron beam-induced etching (FEBIE) as a direct-write technique for removing carbonaceous interconnecting material in high resolution dense lines. Secondary electron imaging and atomic force microscopy measurements were used to monitor the FEBIE process, confirming the successful fabrication of well-separated FEBID lines. The application of this technique for removing interconnecting material in dense lines was further validated using backscattered electron imaging.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vigneshwaran Chandrasekaran, Michael Titze, Anthony R. R. Flores, Deanna Campbell, Jacob Henshaw, Andrew C. C. Jones, Edward S. S. Bielejec, Han Htoon
Summary: Focused ion beam implantation enables precise placement of defect centers in wide bandgap semiconductors at nanometer scale. A scalable technique is demonstrated for creating single defects in commercial grade silicon carbide using repeated low dose implantation and in situ photoluminescence evaluation. An array of 9 single defects in 13 targeted locations is successfully created, achieving a yield of approximately 70%, which is significantly higher than traditional single pass ion implantation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Naoto Oishi, Fumihiro Koga, Noriko Nitta
Summary: Nanostructures fabricated on germanium substrate using ion beam irradiation are porous and formed by the self-organization of point defects. The shape and size of these nanostructures depend on the beam flux and fluence. Higher fluxes result in taller nanostructures with elongated sidewalls, while lower fluxes lead to smaller structures.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhifu Feng, Damiano Giubertoni, Alessandro Cian, Matteo Valt, Mario Barozzi, Andrea Gaiardo, Vincenzo Guidi
Summary: In this study, a new method combining electron beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion beam (FIB) technologies is proposed to achieve low power consumption in MOS gas sensors. The miniaturization of the hotplate geometry is realized using this method, reducing power consumption effectively. The effectiveness and feasibility of this method are demonstrated through characterization and testing.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kenta Kawashima, Mohammadreza Shirzadi, Tomonori Fukasawa, Kunihiro Fukui, Toshinori Tsuru, Toru Ishigami
Summary: In this study, the FIB-SEM technique was used to obtain the microstructure geometry of commercial MF membranes, and a high-resolution numerical simulation model was developed to evaluate the flow and particle permeation through the membrane pores. The results showed the importance of considering the realistic microstructure for accurate prediction of the MF process.
Article
Microbiology
Monika Kakol, Ezher Tagliasacchi, Andrzej Borkowski, Miroslaw Slowakiewicz
Summary: The nutritional condition of seed mussels used in New Zealand's Greenshell mussel aquaculture industry shows high variability, which may contribute to the marked variation observed in spat performance. Environmental factors that limit feeding during harvest and transport of spat are likely influencing the quality of spat used by the industry. Measures to improve the quality of wild spat supply, such as testing nutritional condition and developing nursery culture methods and artificial spat feeds, are needed.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sei Jin Park, Jungho Shin, Daniel J. Magagnosc, Sanha Kim, Changhong Cao, Kevin T. Turner, Prashant K. Purohit, Daniel S. Gianola, A. John Hart
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuocheng Xie, Jungho Shin, Jakob Renner, Aruna Prakash, Daniel S. Gianola, Erik Bitzek
Article
Microscopy
Fulin Wang, McLean P. Echlin, Aidan A. Taylor, Jungho Shin, Benjamin Bammes, Barnaby D. A. Levin, Marc De Graef, Tresa M. Pollock, Daniel S. Gianola
Summary: A monolithic active pixel sensor based direct detector optimized for scanning electron microscope primary beam energies is used for electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) applications. The detector provides high detection efficiency and a large array of pixels, allowing sensitive and accurate detection of Kikuchi bands, with optimal contrast occurring in the 8-16 keV range. The diffraction pattern acquisition speed is greatly improved through sparse sampling mode and inpainting algorithms, while achieving high-speed EBSD mapping.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Manfred Janzen, Dominik Kramer, Reiner Moenig
Summary: The physical and chemical properties of Na+ are similar to those of Li+, but differences in size lead to larger strains in the host lattice during (de)sodiation, causing asymmetry in mechanical stress evolution. This asymmetry may be attributed to the energy differences required to move an amorphous phase during the (de)sodiation of NaFePO4.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Drew S. Melchert, Keith Johnson, Brian Giera, Erika J. Fong, Maxim Shusteff, Julie Mancini, John J. Karnes, Corie L. Cobb, Christopher Spadaccini, Daniel S. Gianola, Matthew R. Begley
Summary: Numerical simulations of acoustic focusing in dense suspensions have provided insights into the relationships between input parameters, structural features, and functional properties. Designing materials with controlled properties has been achieved by modulating input parameters to control geometric features of particles, while microstructural features play a role in various transport properties of functional materials. The results also highlight the potential of acoustic focusing in accessing a range of property values and the impact of meso- and micro-structural features in determining material functionalities.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Emily E. Levin, Daniil A. Kitchaev, Yolita M. Eggeler, Justin A. Mayer, Piush Behera, Daniel S. Gianola, Anton Van der Ven, Tresa M. Pollock, Ram Seshadri
Summary: The Heulser intermetallic MnAu2Al undergoes a significant change in magnetization in response to plastic deformation, likely due to antiferromagnetic interactions arising from chemical changes at antiphase boundaries created by the deformation. The coupling between chemical and magnetic order across antiphase boundaries may occur in other ordered magnetic systems, providing an explanation for anomalous magnetic behavior in several systems, including other Heusler intermetallics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Glenn H. Balbus, Johann Kappacher, David J. Sprouster, Fulin Wang, Jungho Shin, Yolita M. Eggeler, Timothy J. Rupert, Jason R. Trelewicz, Daniel Kiener, Verena Maier-Kiener, Daniel S. Gianola
Summary: Intentional design of interface disorder, co-segregation of Ce and Ni, and formation of amorphous intergranular films contribute to exceptional thermal stability and elevated temperature strength in a ternary nanocrystalline Al-Ni-Ce alloy. This highlights the efficacy of promoting disorder in alloy design and discovery for outstanding mechanical performance at high homologous temperatures.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Keith Johnson, Drew Melchert, Daniel S. Gianola, Matthew Begley, Tyler R. Ray
Summary: Acoustic forces offer a promising pathway for directed assembly of multi-phase materials via additive processes. Integration of acoustic focusing with direct-ink-write printing allows for modulating material transport properties and achieving long-range ordering of microstructures in printed components. Efforts in acoustic field-assisted printing have demonstrated the capability to rapidly assemble and print colloidal solids with spatial control across multiple length scales.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tianjiao Lei, Jungho Shin, Daniel S. Gianola, Timothy J. Rupert
Summary: The study successfully fabricated three fully dense bulk nanocrystalline Al alloys with small grain sizes using a powder metallurgy approach. These alloys show excellent mechanical properties and strength. Microstructural characterization reveals that dopant elements segregate to grain boundaries, promoting the formation of amorphous complexions, which contribute to the stability of the materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Julian Becherer, Dominik Kramer, Reiner Monig
Summary: In this study, operando high-resolution light microscopy with extended depth of field was used to observe large regions of an electrode during electrodeposition of lithium. The analysis of the evolving deposit's morphology revealed that both electrochemistry and mechanics, particularly crystalline defects, played significant roles in the growth mechanism. Based on these findings, a growth mechanism involving the diffusion and insertion of lithium atoms into grain boundaries and crystalline defects was proposed, with mechanical stimulation enhancing the insertion of lithium.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chen Shang, Matthew R. Begley, Daniel S. Gianola, John E. Bowers
Summary: This study combines models of dislocation motion and thin film channel cracking to solve the cracking issue caused by threading dislocation density in silicon photonic integrated circuits. The proposed solutions include increasing optical confinement and reducing total layer thickness.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tianjiao Lei, Mingjie Xu, Jungho Shin, Daniel S. Gianola, Timothy J. Rupert
Summary: Unique nanorod precipitates with a core-shell structure are found to nucleate from the grain boundaries of a bulk nanocrystalline Al-Ni-Y alloy. The local structure and chemistry of these features during annealing are studied. As annealing time increases, more nanorods transform to an ordered structure while the shell chemistry transitions from Y-rich to Ni-rich. The correlation between the nanorods and amorphous complexions is observed.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tianye Zheng, Dominik Kramer, Reiner Moenig, Steven T. Boles
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate a successful approach to achieve long-term cycling of simple Al foil anodes by growing the beta-LiAl phase. The anodes exhibit a cycling life of 500 cycles with a capacity retention of approximately 96% when paired with a commercial cathode. The strategic utilization of the Li solubility range of beta-LiAl allows for (de-)lithiation without altering its crystal structure, overcoming key issues associated with phase transformations.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Daniel J. Strickland, Drew S. Melchert, Jyo Lyn Hor, Carlos P. Ortiz, Daeyeon Lee, Daniel S. Gianola
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohammad Hossein Tahmasebi, Dominik Kramer, Holger Gesswein, Tianye Zheng, Kwan-Chee Leung, Benedict Tsz Woon Lo, Reiner Moenig, Steven T. Boles
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2020)