Article
Biophysics
Alina Vasilescu, Borys Hrinczenko, Greg M. Swain, Serban F. Peteu
Summary: This mini-review introduces the reader to research on exhaled breath analysis for detecting abnormal chemical markers reflective of respiratory diseases. It discusses two main groups of sensing methods: mass spectrometry and (bio)sensors, with a focus on biosensor applications for EB and EBC analyses. The review concludes with recommendations for future development of EBC biomarker sensing in the near and long term.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Inger Lise Gade, Jacob Gammelgaard Schultz, Rasmus Froberg Brondum, Benedict Kjaergaard, Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk, Asger Andersen, Soren Risom Kristensen, Bent Honore
Summary: This study investigated the proteome of exhaled breath condensate in a porcine model of acute PE to identify potential diagnostic markers. Proteins in the EBC of pigs with PE showed significant alterations, with albumin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin being potential diagnostic markers for PE. A prediction model based on penalized regression accurately discriminated between baseline and PE samples, suggesting a new approach for early PE diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mauro Maniscalco, Debora Paris, Paola Cuomo, Salvatore Fuschillo, Pasquale Ambrosino, Annabella Tramice, Letizia Palomba, Andrea Motta
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, and a single strategy of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may not achieve the desired outcomes for all patients. This study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between biomarkers and clinical parameters in COPD patients undergoing PR. The results showed that the metabolic COPD phenotype evolves during PR, and methanol metabolite could serve as a useful biomarker for monitoring personalized outcomes.
Article
Immunology
Shuo Wei, Yi-sheng Chen, Yi Shi
Summary: This study identified potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) by analyzing the metabolic profile of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. The identified compounds showed good classification between PA patients and controls, and can serve as noninvasive markers for the diagnosis of PA.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiangming Liu, Yiming Ma, Lijuan Luo, Zihang Zeng, Dandan Zong, Yan Chen
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and lung parenchymal cell apoptosis, with cigarette smoke being the major risk factor. In this study, taxifolin (TAX) was found to significantly alleviate cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. TAX treatment suppressed the elevated levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and decreased the ratios of p-i kappa B to i kappa B and p-p65 to p65. Additionally, TAX exhibited antiapoptotic effects by reversing the changes in Bax, CCP3, and Bcl-2 levels induced by cigarette smoke. These findings highlight the potential of TAX in improving COPD pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Ghelli, Marco Panizzolo, Giacomo Garzaro, Giulia Squillacioti, Valeria Bellisario, Nicoletta Colombi, Enrico Bergamaschi, Irina Guseva Canu, Roberto Bono
Summary: This systematic review compares baseline values of pro/anti-inflammatory biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) in healthy, non-smoking adults, aiming to summarize the concentrations reported in the literature. The adherence to guidelines is crucial due to differences in methodologies employed in the included articles concerning EBC sampling, storage, and analyses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xuan Ma, Jinzhao Zhang, Shengyu Wang, Yaming Li, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim, Xin Diao
Summary: In this study, the ameliorative effect of paclobutrazol against chronic cigarette smoke-induced COPD in rats was assessed. Results showed that paclobutrazol increased body weight, improved respiratory function, and decreased inflammation in rats exposed to secondhand smoke.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Guzman-Beltran, Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi, Claudia Carranza, Martha Torres, Yolanda Gonzalez, Marcela Munoz-Torrico, Esmeralda Juarez
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is a high burden infectious disease worldwide, with inflammation and inadequate antioxidant defense mechanisms believed to contribute to lung damage in TB. This study aimed to evaluate alveolar space-derived metabolites of redox state and inflammation in TB patients and healthy controls using exhaled breath condensate (EBC), finding lower GSH levels and higher levels of inflammatory and oxidant molecules in TB patients' EBC. There was no correlation between EBC and serum, highlighting the importance of measuring local biomarkers for pharmacological and follow-up studies in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sun Young Jung, Gun-Dong Kim, Dae Woon Choi, Dong-Uk Shin, Ji-Eun Eom, Seung Yong Kim, Ok Hee Chai, Hyun-Jin Kim, So-Young Lee, Hee Soon Shin
Summary: The study found that Epilobium species extract can inhibit inflammatory cell recruitment and symptoms in COPD mice, as well as attenuate inflammatory gene expression by suppressing MAPKs and NF kappa B activity. Additionally, identified phytochemical constituents of Epilobium species extract showed anti-inflammatory effects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salvatore Fuschillo, Debora Paris, Annabella Tramice, Pasquale Ambrosino, Letizia Palomba, Mauro Maniscalco, Andrea Motta
Summary: COPD is a diverse lung disease that requires personalized approaches and patient-centered rehabilitation programs. Metabolomics, through the analysis of metabolites in biological samples, has the potential to identify novel biomarkers for disease outcome and treatment response in COPD. This review discusses the clinical applications of metabolomic profiling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and plasma/serum in COPD.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Danicke Willemse, Chivonne Moodley, Smriti Mehra, Deepak Kaushal
Summary: Smoking is a known added risk factor for tuberculosis, increasing the risk of active TB and reducing cure and treatment completion rates. Cigarette smoke contains harmful compounds that may potentially enhance the virulence of the tubercle bacilli. Further research is needed to explore the impact of cigarette smoke on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its potential implications for TB treatment efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sabine Szunerits, Hannes Doerfler, Quentin Pagneux, John Daniel, Shekhar Wadekar, Eloise Woitrain, Dennis Ladage, David Montaigne, Rabah Boukherroub
Summary: Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the analysis of exhaled breath has gained attention as a non-invasive diagnostic approach. Mass spectrometry has been recognized as a powerful tool for clinical diagnostics, but its use is limited in the clinical setting. Recent developments focus on online sampling using portable and wearable devices, such as face masks, which have the potential to enable fast and non-invasive diagnosis.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Monica Rodrigues, Francisca de Castro Mendes, Ines Paciencia, Joao Cavaleiro Rufo, Diana Silva, Luis Delgado, Andre Moreira, Pedro Moreira
Summary: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a non-invasive method that can identify and quantify biomarkers from the lower respiratory tract. This study aimed to assess the association between diet quality and markers in EBC among school-aged children. Higher diet quality was found to be associated with higher conductivity levels of the EBC.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Joanna Polomska, Kamil Bar, Barbara Sozanska
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the pathophysiology of asthma and the potential of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a source of biomarkers for lung disorders. It discusses the clinical implications and limitations of using EBC in asthma research.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Stefanie Krick, E. Scott Helton, Molly Easter, Seth Bollenbecker, Rebecca Denson, Rennan Zaharias, Phillip Cochran, Shia Vang, Elex Harris, James M. Wells, Jarrod W. Barnes
Summary: This study suggests that the reduced expression of ST6GAL1 and alpha 2-6 sialylation could lead to increased IL-6 expression and secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), and could be associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD. Exposures to cigarette smoke or BACE1 inhibition resulted in decreased ST6GAL1 secretion, reduced alpha 2-6 sialylation, and increased IL-6 production in HBECs. Plasma ST6GAL1 levels demonstrated an inverse association with prospective acute exacerbations of COPD, while IL-6 was positively associated.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luca Giordano, Antoine Farnham, Praveen K. Dhandapani, Laura Salminen, Jahnavi Bhaskaran, Robert Voswinckel, Peter Rauschkolb, Susan Scheibe, Natascha Sommer, Christoph Beisswenger, Norbert Weissmann, Thomas Braun, Howard T. Jacobs, Robert Bals, Christian Herr, Marten Szibor
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Respiratory System
Benjamin Waschki, Peter Alter, Tanja Zeller, Christina Magnussen, Johannes T. Neumann, Raphael Twerenbold, Christoph Sinning, Christian Herr, Kathrin Kahnert, Sebastian Faehndrich, Stefan Blankenberg, Klaus F. Rabe, Tobias Welte, Rudolf A. Joerres, Claus F. Vogelmeier, Robert Bals, Henrik Watz
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica Hoppstaedter, Jenny Vanessa Valbuena Perez, Rebecca Linnenberger, Charlotte Dahlem, Thierry M. Legroux, Anne Hecksteden, William K. F. Tse, Sara Flamini, Anastasia Andreas, Jennifer Herrmann, Christian Herr, Rolf Mueller, Tim Meyer, Robert Bals, Carlo Riccardi, Stefano Bruscoli, Alexandra K. Kiemer
Article
Oncology
Tobias Fehlmann, Mustafa Kahraman, Nicole Ludwig, Christina Backes, Valentina Galata, Verena Keller, Lars Geffers, Nathaniel Mercaldo, Daniela Hornung, Tanja Weis, Elham Kayvanpour, Masood Abu-Halima, Christian Deuschle, Claudia Schulte, Ulrike Suenkel, Anna-Katharina von Thaler, Walter Maetzler, Christian Herr, Sebastian Faehndrich, Claus Vogelmeier, Pedro Guimaraes, Anne Hecksteden, Tim Meyer, Florian Metzger, Caroline Diener, Stephanie Deutscher, Hashim Abdul-Khaliq, Ingo Stehle, Sebastian Haeusler, Andreas Meiser, Heinrich Groesdonk, Thomas Volk, Hans-Peter Lenhof, Hugo Katus, Rudi Balling, Benjamin Meder, Rejko Kruger, Hanno Huwer, Robert Bals, Eckart Meese, Andreas Keller
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
F. C. Trudzinski, R. A. Joerres, P. Alter, K. Kahnert, B. Waschki, C. Herr, C. Kellerer, A. Omlor, C. F. Vogelmeier, S. Faehndrich, H. Watz, T. Welte, B. Jany, S. Soehler, F. Biertz, F. Herth, H-U Kauczor, R. Bals
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xabier Murgia, Andreas M. Kany, Christian Herr, Duy-Khiet Ho, Chiara De Rossi, Robert Bals, Claus-Michael Lehr, Anna K. H. Hirsch, Rolf W. Hartmann, Martin Empting, Teresa Roehrig
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giovanna Vella, Felix Ritzmann, Lisa Wolf, Andreas Kamyschnikov, Hannah Stodden, Christian Herr, Hortense Slevogt, Robert Bals, Christoph Beisswenger
Summary: Neutrophilic inflammation in COPD is exacerbated by gram-negative bacteria like nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and cigarette smoke. IL-17C, an inflammatory cytokine expressed by airway epithelial cells, promotes harmful pulmonary inflammation in COPD triggered by bacteria. IL-17C deficiency in mice leads to decreased neutrophil numbers in lungs exposed to both NTHi and CS, but does not protect from CS-induced lung inflammation. A preliminary patient study suggests that IL-17C levels in sputum samples correlate with COPD disease severity, particularly in advanced stages.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Christian Herr, Marc Chanson, Loic Guillot
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christian Schuetz, Duy-Khiet Ho, Mostafa Mohamed Hamed, Ahmed Saad Abdelsamie, Teresa Roehrig, Christian Herr, Andreas Martin Kany, Katharina Rox, Stefan Schmelz, Lorenz Siebenbuerger, Marius Wirth, Carsten Boerger, Samir Yahiaoui, Robert Bals, Andrea Scrima, Wulf Blankenfeldt, Justus Constantin Horstmann, Rebekka Christmann, Xabier Murgia, Marcus Koch, Aylin Berwanger, Brigitta Loretz, Anna Katharina Herta Hirsch, Rolf Wolfgang Hartmann, Claus-Michael Lehr, Martin Empting
Summary: A new generation of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) is reported to effectively inhibit the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enhance antibiotic efficacy, potentially preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, a significant synergistic effect of QSI in combination with tobramycin against P. aeruginosa biofilms is demonstrated, showing promising implications for adjunctive pathoblocker-mediated therapy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Merit Wildung, Christian Herr, Dietmar Riedel, Cornelia Wiedwald, Alena Moiseenko, Fidel Ramirez, Hataitip Tasena, Maren Heimerl, Mihai Alevra, Naira Movsisyan, Maike Schuldt, Larisa Volceanov-Hahn, Sharen Provoost, Tabea Noethe-Menchen, Diana Urrego, Bernard Freytag, Julia Wallmeier, Christoph Beisswenger, Robert Bals, Maarten van den Berge, Wim Timens, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Corry-Anke Brandsma, Tania Maes, Stefan Andreas, Irene H. Heijink, Luis A. Pardo, Muriel Lize
Summary: Airway mucociliary regeneration and function are impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study establishes a link between microRNA-449 (miR449), ciliary dysfunction, and COPD pathogenesis. miR449 plays a key role in regulating ciliary homeostasis and epithelial regeneration, and its absence leads to impaired ciliated epithelial regeneration and more severe COPD manifestations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah Isabella Wissing, Rima Obeid, Tanja Raedle-Hurst, Tilman Rohrer, Christian Herr, Jakob Schoepe, Jurgen Geisel, Robert Bals, Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
Summary: The role of ACE2 as a pathophysiological risk factor in COVID-19 was examined by measuring soluble ACE2 levels in blood samples of individuals with and without COVID-19. The results showed that ACE2 concentrations were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals, with levels increasing with age and being lower in children. It remains unclear whether the increase in ACE2 concentrations is a result of the infection and what factors may influence this response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Respiratory System
Richard F. Sprott, Felix Ritzmann, Frank Langer, Yiwen Yao, Christian Herr, Yvonne Kohl, Thomas Tschernig, Robert Bals, Christoph Beisswenger
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Respiratory System
Giovanna Vella, Lars Lunding, Felix Ritzmann, Anja Honecker, Christian Herr, Michael Wegmann, Robert Bals, Christoph Beisswenger
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Respiratory System
Christian Herr, Konstantinos Tsitouras, Julia Niederstrasser, Christina Backes, Christoph Beisswenger, Li Dong, Loic Guillot, Andreas Keller, Robert Bals
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Respiratory System
Andre Becker, Giovanna Vella, Valentina Galata, Katharina Rentz, Christoph Beisswenger, Christian Herr, Joern Walter, Sascha Tierling, Hortense Slevogt, Andreas Keller, Robert Bals
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2019)