Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Qianru Yang, Alberto L. Vazquez, Xinyan Tracy Cui
Summary: Advancements in in vivo imaging technologies, such as two-photon microscopy, have improved our understanding of biomaterials in the brain, but chronic studies show limitations in high-resolution imaging due to inflammatory responses caused by craniotomy and foreign biomaterial insertion. Microprisms offer a unique vertical view breaking through this imaging depth limitation, but responses to microprism implants in vivo remain unclear. Analysis of microglial/macrophage activation and morphology after microprism implantation revealed changes in cell density and processes, indicating eventual inactive phenotypes. Long-term observations using microprisms showed sustained microglial/macrophage responses to injuries, suggesting feasibility for inflammatory response characterizations at deeper depths than traditional methods.
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shi Yi Chia, Boon-Keat Khor, Yi Juin Tay, Kok Fui Liew, Chong-Yew Lee
Summary: Sulfuretin, a naturally occurring aurone, has been found to inhibit macrophage and microglia activation. In this study, a series of aurones were synthesized to improve their activity in targeting brain microglia and overcoming the blood-brain barrier. Evaluation of these aurones showed that some compounds were able to significantly reduce nitric oxide secretion in stimulated microglia. The most potent inhibitors had bulky, planar moieties and a pendant piperidine, and they inhibited microglial polarization towards the M1 state. Compound 2a showed high blood-brain barrier permeability and could potentially be used as a lead compound in the development of aurones as microglia inhibitors.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shan Shan, Yifan Zhang, Huiwen Zhao, Tao Zeng, Xiulan Zhao
Summary: The study found that 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) could pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate in the brains of mice, leading to activation of microglia and damage to neurons. In vitro studies also showed that PS-NPs could be internalized by cells and caused the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B), secretion of tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-alpha), and cell death.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengzheng Ruan, Dongdong Zhang, Ruixue Huang, Wei Sun, Liyan Hou, Jie Zhao, Qingshan Wang
Summary: Chronic neuroinflammation damages dopaminergic neurons in a rotenone-induced mouse PD model through blood-brain barrier dysfunction mediated by microglial MMP-2/-9 activation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Atsuko Katsumoto, Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran, Shane M. Bemiller, Guixiang Xu, Richard M. Ransohoff, Bruce T. Lamb
Summary: This study found that traumatic brain injury promotes Alzheimer's disease-like pathological features and that deficiency of TREM2 accelerates inflammation and neurodegeneration, leading to brain damage and impaired neurological function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Xin-Yao Sun, Xiang-Chun Ju, Yang Li, Peng-Ming Zeng, Jian Wu, Ying-Ying Zhou, Li-Bing Shen, Jian Dong, Yue-Jun Chen, Zhen-Ge Luo
Summary: This study successfully fused blood vessels and brain organoids to obtain vascularized brain organoids. The fused organoids not only had vascular network-like structures and increased number of neural progenitors, but also contained functional blood-brain barrier-like structures and microglial cells with immune functions.
Editorial Material
Biology
Bilal Cakir, In-Hyun Park
Summary: When brain organoids are fused with blood vessel organoids, non-neural endothelial cells and microglia are incorporated into the brain organoids.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Christina Hoyer-Kimura, Meredith Hay, John P. Konhilas, Helena W. Morrison, Methawasin Methajit, Joshua Strom, Robin Polt, Victoria Salcedo, Joshua P. Fricks, Anjna Kalya, Paulo W. Pires
Summary: It is well known that decreased brain blood flow, increased reactive oxygen species production, and pro-inflammatory mechanisms accelerate neurodegenerative disease progressions. This study demonstrates that treatment with the novel drug PNA5 can reverse cognitive deficits, decrease ROS production, and inhibit inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting its potential as an effective therapy for treating and preventing VCID.
Review
Cell Biology
Ming Zhao, Xue-Fan Jiang, Hui-Qin Zhang, Jia-Hui Sun, Hui Pei, Li-Na Ma, Yu Cao, Hao Li
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with no satisfying curative therapies currently available. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier contributes to the onset and progression of AD, yet the pathogenesis caused by BBB injury remains unclear. Glial cells play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of BBB and neuronal function.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrew G. Murchison
Summary: This article posits that amyloid deposition and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier are early independent events in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, contributing to a distinct microglial activation phenotype. Downstream effects such as synapse phagocytosis and persistent glutamate signally through NMDA receptors lead to neurodegeneration and tau pathology. This hypothesis aims to shed light on unexplained temporal and spatial features of AD by drawing from multiple lines of evidence.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Diogo Vila Verde, Marco de Curtis, Laura Librizzi
Summary: This study demonstrates that epileptiform seizure-like events can induce the activation of astrocytes and microglia, and that serum albumin extravasation exacerbates this activation, potentially leading to reinforcement of seizure activity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
A. D. Roseborough, Y. Zhu, L. Zhao, S. R. Laviolette, S. H. Pasternak, S. N. Whitehead
Summary: The brain's response to acute injury involves increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increased inflammation in microglia, which can lead to poor cognitive outcomes and neurological disease. Fibrinogen, a serum protein, enters the brain through the damaged BBB and interacts with local cells in a harmful way. Microglia, in response to injury, demonstrate increased activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome and release more pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigates the interaction between fibrinogen, microglial NLRP3 signaling, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can propagate inflammatory signaling and be detected in the circulation following BBB disruption.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Agatha Oliveira-Giacomelli, Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz, Roberta Andrejew, Natalia Turrini, Jean Bezerra Silva, Ulrich Sack, Henning Ulrich
Summary: P2X7 receptors are activated by ATP, leading to inflammatory pathways and cytokine release, increasing BBB permeability. Besides its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation, P2X7 receptor activation may disrupt BBB and attract peripheral immune cells to the CNS, causing brain parenchyma infiltration.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Krzysztof Kucharz, Nikolay Kutuzov, Oleg Zhukov, Mette Mathiesen Janiurek, Martin Lauritzen
Summary: Treatment of brain disorders depends on overcoming the blood-brain barrier, and Prof. Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes's research has been instrumental in understanding the principles of drug delivery to the brain and developing related tools. This article introduces the use of in vivo 2-photon microscopy (2PM) to study the blood-brain barrier, focusing on characterizing the paracellular diffusion, adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, and receptor-mediated transcytosis of drug nanocarriers at the microscale.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Letter
Neurosciences
Alexander S. Thrane, Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Benjamin A. Plog, Maiken Nedergaard
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2015)
Letter
Ophthalmology
Alexander S. Thrane, Morten Hove, Bard Kjersem, Jorgen Krohn
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2016)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chantal Bemeur, Cristina Cudalbu, Gitte Dam, Alexander S. Thrane, Arthur J. L. Cooper, Christopher F. Rose
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2016)
Article
Cell Biology
Fengfei Ding, John O'Donnell, Alexander S. Thrane, Douglas Zeppenfeld, Hongyi Kang, Lulu Xie, Fushun Wang, Maiken Nedergaard
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexander S. Thrane, Takahiro Takano, Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Fushun Wang, Weiguo Peng, Ole Petter Ottersen, Maiken Nedergaard, Erlend A. Nagelhus
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2013)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Alexander S. Thrane, Fushun Wang, Maria L. Cotrina, Nathan A. Smith, Michael Chen, Qiwu Xu, Ning Kang, Takumi Fujita, Erlend A. Nagelhus, Maiken Nedergaard
Correction
Neurosciences
V. Rangroo Thrane, A. S. Thrane, J. Chang, V. Alleluia, E. A. Nagelhus, M. Nedergaard
Review
Neurosciences
Alexander S. Thrane, Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Maiken Nedergaard
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Alexander S. Thrane, Benjamin A. Plog, Meenakshisundaram Thiyagarajan, Jeffrey J. Iliff, Rashid Deane, Erlend A. Nagelhus, Maiken Nedergaard
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2013)
Article
Biology
Humberto Mestre, Lauren M. Hablitz, Anna L. R. Xavier, Weixi Feng, Wenyan Zou, Tinglin Pu, Hiromu Monai, Giridhar Murlidharan, Ruth M. Castellanos Rivera, Matthew J. Simon, Martin M. Pike, Virginia Pla, Ting Du, Benjamin T. Kress, Xiaowen Wang, Benjamin A. Plog, Alexander S. Thrane, Iben Lundgaard, Yoichiro Abe, Masato Yasui, John H. Thomas, Ming Xiao, Hajime Hirase, Aravind Asokan, Jeffrey J. Iliff, Maiken Nedergaard
Article
Ophthalmology
Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Alexander S. Thrane, Cecilie Bergo, Hildegunn Halvorsen, Jorgen Krohn
JOURNAL OF GLAUCOMA
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaowei Wang, Nanhong Lou, Allison Eberhardt, Yujia Yang, Peter Kusk, Qiwu Xu, Benjamin Forstera, Sisi Peng, Meng Shi, Antonio Ladron-de-Guevara, Christine Delle, Bjorn Sigurdsson, Anna L. R. Xavier, Ali Erturk, Richard T. Libby, Lu Chen, Alexander S. Thrane, Maiken Nedergaard
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Letter
Ophthalmology
Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Leif Hynnekleiv, Xiaowei Wang, Alexander S. Thrane, Jorgen Krohn, Maiken Nedergaard
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Leif Hynnekleiv, Alexander Stanley Thrane, Jorgen Krohn
Article
Ophthalmology
Andreas J. Askim, Alexander S. Thrane, Petter Giaever, Rune Andersen, Jorgen Krohn
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.