Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
D. P. Berry, M. L. Spangler
Summary: Access to high-dimensional genomic information in livestock species is accelerating, which has significant implications for various applications and research.
Review
Oncology
Melissa A. Lumish, Andrea Cercek
Summary: The incidence of early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in young individuals has been increasing rapidly, and its causes and effects on cancer progression and treatment response are still unknown. While there are clinical differences between early-onset GI cancers and average-onset GI cancers, there is no molecular distinction between the two. Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis and optimal management of early-onset GI cancers, and early biomarkers are necessary for effective screening. Specialized centers can provide comprehensive care for patients with early-onset GI cancers, addressing their unique psychosocial needs.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Shaelyn N. Silverman, Alexandra A. Phillips, Gabriella M. Weiss, Elise B. Wilkes, John M. Eiler, Alex L. Sessions
Summary: This article presents a comprehensive review of analytical methods for amino acid isotope analysis. It provides researchers in various disciplines with a benchmark for making compound-and position-specific measurements. The review focuses on different steps of the analysis process and offers recommendations to maximize recovery and minimize isotopic fractionation.
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hana Shiref, Shana Bergman, Sophie Clivio, Michelle A. Sahai
Summary: With the development of molecular dynamics simulations, the scope of computational studies has expanded, but novices still face challenges in setting up protein-ligand systems. Many areas of biomolecular sciences benefit from these technologies.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hugh D. Simpson, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Gregory D. Cascino, Robert S. Fisher, Barbara C. Jobst, Michael R. Sperling, Brian N. Lundstrom
Summary: Neuromodulation is a key therapeutic tool for drug-resistant epilepsy patients. This review summarizes available neuromodulation techniques, focusing on patient selection, programming initiation, and outpatient management. Vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus, and responsive neurostimulation have all shown safety and significant seizure reduction in randomized controlled trials. The choice of neuromodulation technique can be tailored to individual patients based on their epilepsy characteristics, risk tolerance, and preferences.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marius Schmidt
Summary: The field of time-resolved macromolecular crystallography has been rapidly expanding with the availability of free electron lasers for hard x rays (XFELs). Techniques originally developed for XFELs have spread to synchrotron light sources. Despite differences in time-scales and data collection modalities, the analysis of x-ray data remains essentially the same. A practical approach is presented for calculating difference electron density (DED) maps and using them to determine structural models.
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS-US
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Victorita Sorodoc, Andreea Asaftei, Gabriela Puha, Alexandr Ceasovschih, Catalina Lionte, Oana Sirbu, Cristina Bologa, Raluca Ecaterina Haliga, Mihai Constantin, Adorata Elena Coman, Ovidiu Rusalim Petris, Alexandra Stoica, Laurentiu Sorodoc
Summary: Hyponatremia is common in heart failure patients, especially those with decompensated, fluid-overloaded conditions. The pathophysiology involves various mechanisms such as increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as high levels of arginine vasopressin and diuretic use. Proper differentiation and management of dilutional and depletional hyponatremia are important to avoid complications like encephalopathy or osmotic demyelination syndrome. Treatment options for hyponatremia in heart failure have limited efficacy, and new options like vaptans are being investigated.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel J. Rindner, Gyorgy Lur
Summary: The ability to control synaptic communication is essential in modern neuroscience. Recent advancements in protein engineering and screening have greatly expanded the optogenetic toolkit, allowing for multicolor approaches in studying neural circuits. However, the scarcity of opsins with truly discrete spectra poses challenges in avoiding unintended cross-activation of optogenetic tools (crosstalk).
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Gregory A. Hosler, Kathleen M. Murphy
Summary: The diagnosis of melanocytic lesions can be aided by ancillary testing, but clinical inspection and histomorphological assessment on biopsy are usually sufficient. Immunohistochemistry and molecular studies can help reduce the number of borderline lesions, and sequential testing may improve diagnostic performance.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amir Tasbihi, Frank R. Kschischang
Summary: The deliberate introduction of controlled intersymbol interference improves data rate compared to intensity modulation with direct detection. The scheme is robust to nonlinear signal distortions and facilitates efficient codebook design and near maximum-likelihood sequence detection. The Tukey scheme achieves higher throughput than the IMDD scheme by exploiting phase information under complex-valued signal constellation.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Peter Lennartz, Benjamin A. Paren, Abraham Herzog-Arbeitman, Xi Chelsea Chen, Jeremiah A. Johnson, Martin Winter, Yang Shao-Horn, Gunther Brunklaus
Summary: Rechargeable lithium metal batteries have the potential to deliver high energy densities, but face challenges such as uneven lithium deposition and capacity fading due to irreversible processes at electrode interfaces. This paper thoroughly discusses the importance of realistic benchmarks in energy density as well as key characteristics affecting cycling reversibility, evaluating projected energy densities of lab-scale and multilayered pouch cells. To enable meaningful comparison of reported cell data, the average energy released per cycle is highlighted as a metric. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of polymer-based systems is compared with liquid and ceramic-based systems, showcasing recent advances and providing perspectives for further advancement of high-performance and durable energy storage applications based on lithium metal batteries.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Massimo Torreggiani, Giorgina Barbara Piccoli, Maria Rita Moio, Ferruccio Conte, Lorenza Magagnoli, Paola Ciceri, Mario Cozzolino
Summary: Chronic kidney disease and the need for kidney replacement therapy have been steadily increasing, especially in low- and middle-income countries, due to the rise in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and the aging population. Access to kidney replacement treatments may be limited, making it crucial to establish therapy programs that can provide the best treatment for the most patients. This paper discusses the pros and cons of different kidney replacement therapy options and their practical limitations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Roland B. Walter, Yishai Ofran, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Farhad Ravandi, Christopher S. Hourigan, Lok Lam Ngai, Adriano Venditti, Francesco Buccisano, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Gail J. Roboz
Summary: MRD testing in AML is an important biomarker for predicting patient outcomes and early detection of relapse. However, there are still open questions regarding the optimal timing and frequency of testing, as well as defining thresholds for relapse. Studies confirming the direct impact of treatment effects on MRD to clinical outcomes are needed to establish MRD as a surrogate endpoint in AML.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kanna Jayaprakasan, Kamal Ojha
Summary: As most congenital uterine abnormalities are asymptomatic, accurate diagnosis and correct classification are crucial for appropriate counseling and intervention planning. Evaluation of the internal and external contours of the uterus is key, and 3D ultrasound has become the preferred diagnostic modality due to its accuracy, less invasiveness, and cost-effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Chad M. Hobson, Min Guo, Harshad D. Vishwasrao, Yicong Wu, Hari Shroff, Teng-Leong Chew
Summary: This Perspective discusses common pitfalls and provides guidance for improving quantitative imaging with light sheet microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy has transitioned into a platform for quantitative, hypothesis-driven research, leading to the rapid growth of light sheet fluorescence microscopy. The unique characteristics of light sheet microscopes require special considerations for quantitative experiments.
Review
Fisheries
Zituo Yang, Yepin Yu, Yi Xuan Tay, Gen Hua Yue
Summary: Selective breeding has significantly increased aquaculture production, and the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene/genome editing is faster and more precise, rapidly emerging as a tool for genetic improvement in over 20 aquaculture species.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Feng Liu, Fei Sun, Gang Qiao Kuang, Le Wang, Gen Hua Yue
Summary: This study discovered natural golden mutants in Mozambique tilapia and uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying the golden skin color. The insertion in the 3' UTR of the Pmel17 gene was identified as the key factor responsible for the golden skin color, which can be used as a reliable DNA marker to facilitate breeding for golden color in tilapia.
Article
Biology
Le Wang, Fei Sun, Zi Yi Wan, Zituo Yang, Yi Xuan Tay, May Lee, Baoqing Ye, Yanfei Wen, Zining Meng, Bin Fan, Yuzer Alfiko, Yubang Shen, Francesc Piferrer, Axel Meyer, Manfred Schartl, Gen Hua Yue
Summary: Research on sex determination in Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens reveals the role of dmrt1 gene and epigenetic regulation in this process. The insertion of a transposon, drbx1, into the X-linked dmrt1 allele induces epigenetic changes leading to reduced expression and female development. The differentiation between X and Y chromosomes is limited to a small region, with recombination suppression slightly spreading out of the MSD gene locus.
Article
Agronomy
G. H. Yue, C. C. Lai, M. Lee, L. Wang, Z. J. Song
Summary: Chia, an emerging industry crop with high content of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber in its seeds, lacks polymorphic and codominant DNA markers for genetic analysis. This study identified and characterized fourteen polymorphic microsatellites in chia, revealing low genetic variation among cultivars from Mexico, Australia, and Bolivia. The findings suggest that a breeding program for chia should incorporate seeds from multiple cultivars to increase genetic variation.
GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Le Wang, Fei Sun, May Lee, Gen-Hua Yue
ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhuojun Song, Le Wang, Chongcheong Lai, May Lee, Zituo Yang, Genhua Yue
Summary: In this study, the physiological responses and underlying mechanisms of oil palm to salt stress were investigated using RNA-Seq analysis. The results showed that salt stress activated the expression of EgSPCH gene and increased stomatal density in oil palm. Additionally, several differentially expressed genes were found to be involved in salt response-related bioprocesses. Overexpression of EgSPCH in Arabidopsis resulted in increased stomatal production and decreased salt tolerance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Yi Xuan Tay, Yepin Yu, Zituo Yang, Le Wang, Fei Sun, Gen Hua Yue
Summary: Understanding the molecular mechanisms of disease resistance is crucial for improving aquaculture. The pIgR gene was found to play an important role in the mucosal immunity of Asian seabass, inhibiting iridovirus infection. Two SNPs in the pIgR gene may be associated with resistance to iridovirus.
Review
Fisheries
Gen Hua Yue, Le Wang, Zituo Yang, Fei Sun, Yi Xuan Tay, Joey Wong, Shadame Yeo
Summary: Genomic resources play a critical role in aquaculture, and their applications in Asian seabass include analyzing genetic diversity, establishing mating schemes, genetic traceability, mapping QTL, and genetic improvement. This review provides an overview of available genomic resources and discusses the challenges and future directions in their development and application in Asian seabass aquaculture.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhuojun Song, Le Wang, May Lee, Gen Hua Yue
Summary: Drought stress is a significant environmental hazard, and plants respond to it differently. C3 and C4 plants exhibit different cellular responses to drought, which may be associated with the divergent expression of their SPEECHLESS genes. Our research investigated the drought tolerance of C3 and C4 plants through gene expression analysis and stomatal assay under drought stress.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Le Wang, Shadame Yeo, May Lee, S. Endah, N. A. Alhuda, G. H. Yue
Summary: This study aimed to identify DNA markers associated with sugar content, stalk diameter, and sugarcane top borer resistance. The sugarcane samples were genotyped using RADseq technology. Through F-ST analysis and GWAS, a total of 9, 23, and 9 DNA variants were identified for sugar content, stalk diameter, and sugarcane top borer resistance, respectively. These markers have the potential to accelerate genetic improvement in sugarcane breeding.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2023)
Review
Fisheries
G. H. Yue, K. Y. Ma, J. H. Xia
Summary: Aquaculture is crucial for global food security. Developing species and varieties of omnivorous fish that can tolerate high salinity will enhance fish production. Certain tilapia species, such as Oreochromis mossambicus and Oreochromis aureus, are highly tolerant to salinity and have been used in aquaculture production in brackish and seawater. Different breeding methods, both conventional and molecular, have been implemented to improve the growth rate and salinity tolerance of tilapia. Advances in genomic resources and disruptive technologies provide optimism for novel breeding approaches to further enhance the production of salinity-tolerant tilapia.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Shadame Yeo, May Lee, L. Wang, S. Endah, N. A. Alhuda, G. H. Yue
Summary: This study analyzed the genetic relationships among 1027 sugarcane accessions collected in Indonesia and found significant genetic variations. The matrix of genetic similarities and the phylogenetic tree can guide the setup of breeding programs for genetic improvement.
Review
Fisheries
G. H. Yue, L. Wang, F. Sun, Z. T. Yang, J. Wong, Y. F. Wen, H. Y. Pang, M. Lee, S. T. Yeo, B. Liang, K. Chen, H. S. Lim, J. H. Jiang
Summary: Aquaculture is an important sector in agriculture that provides high quality proteins for humans. Singapore's breeding program for Asian seabass has successfully established three elite lines through the use of various genetic improvement techniques, improving traits such as growth, omega-3 content, and disease resistance.
REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Feng Zhu, Jing Shang, Sek-Man Wong
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Le Wang, May Lee, Fei Sun, Zhuojun Song, Zituo Yang, Gen Hua Yue
Summary: Chia, a functional food crop with high omega-3 fatty acids, has low seed yield and limited genomic resources. This study reports the first high-quality chromosome-level genome sequence of chia, providing insights into its genome features and genetic improvement potential.
PLANT COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
