Article
Crystallography
J. E. Ruiz, D. Lackner, P. L. Souza, F. Dimroth, J. Ohlmann
Summary: The growth of dilute nitrides with metal organic chemical vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) faces challenges of low N-incorporation and high impurity levels of carbon and hydrogen. Investigation into N and C-incorporation in GaNxAs1-x showed that N-incorporation is proportional to the N/As ratio, while C primarily comes from group-III-methyl groups.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nutthapong Discharoen, Sakuntam Sanorpim, Noppadon Nuntawong, Visittapong Yordsri, Suphakan Kijamnajsuk, Kentaro Onabe
Summary: Cubic AlN films were successfully grown on MgO substrates using a two-step cubic GaN buffer layer. The two-step buffer layer was found to play a crucial role in the epitaxial growth of c-AlN, resulting in improved crystallinity compared to one-step and nonGaN buffer layers.
Article
Crystallography
Tomasz Sochacki, Slawomir Sakowski, Pawel Kempisty, Mikolaj Amilusik, Piotr Jaroszynski, Malgorzata Iwinska, Michal Bockowski
Summary: Different configurations of the growth zone were explored for the crystallization of HVPE-GaN in order to suppress lateral growth along the edges. Placing molybdenum elements near the growing crystal proved effective in reducing the area of material deposition at the edges, as confirmed by Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. This solution was found to result in lower supersaturation values near the crystal edges where the molybdenum elements were placed.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Yuichi Oshima, Shingo Yagyu, Takashi Shinohe
Summary: Etch pits were observed on a c-plane alpha-Ga2O3 epilayer using HCl gas etching, indicating a correlation between etch pit density and dislocation density. Gas-etching technique can effectively reveal dislocation distribution in a wide area, which is challenging to explore using traditional TEM.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Dadi Wang, Zhibin Liu, Yanan Guo, Jianchang Yan, Jinmin Li, Junxi Wang
Summary: In this study, a silane-pretreatment method was developed to improve the growth mode and crystalline quality of n-Al0.6Ga0.4N on a high-temperature-annealing AlN/sapphire template. The use of SiH4 pretreatment disrupted the pseudo-crystal epitaxy of n-Al0.6Ga0.4N, resulting in 3D growth at the AlGaN/AlN interface. This method also led to a significant reduction in threading dislocations density and paves the way for the preparation and improvement of efficient deep ultraviolet emitters.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Toru Akiyama, Takumi Ohka, Katsuya Nagai, Tomonori Ito
Summary: Through ab initio electronic structure calculations, a systematic investigation of the adsorption behavior of Al and N adatoms on vicinal AlN (0001) surface under metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth conditions was conducted. It was found that the vicinal surface with hydrogen-terminated N atom and NH2 was the most stable under N-rich conditions, while the surface with hydrogen-terminated N atom and NH2 at the step edge was favorable over a wide range of Al chemical potential. The adsorption energy of Al adatoms at the step edge was much lower than that in the terrace region, indicating easier incorporation of Al adatoms into the step edge.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Atsushi Yamada, Junya Yaita, Norikazu Nakamura, Junji Kotani
Summary: The research demonstrates that low-sheet-resistance HEMTs can be achieved by using a strain-controlled high-Al-composition AlGaN barrier. It was found that growing an AlGaN barrier with nitrogen as a carrier gas increases dislocation density and reduces strain, leading to improved electron mobility. Additionally, the use of an AlN spacer helps prevent dislocation and impurity scattering, resulting in successful fabrication of low-sheet-resistance HEMT structures with high Al composition.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Kazuhiro Mochizuki, Hiroshi Ohta, Tomoyoshi Mishima
Summary: The reported substrate-misorientation and growth-temperature dependences of alloy composition in metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxially grown c-plane InGaN were analyzed using least-squares regression. The analysis revealed that the equilibrium indium content at the kink site decreased with increasing growth temperature, and the relaxation time for the indium content at the step-edge site was reduced with increasing temperature. This analysis can be improved with more experimental results and contribute to practical predictions of compositional variation in alloy semiconductors.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Kazutada Ikenaga, Nami Tanaka, Taro Nishimura, Hirotaka Iino, Ken Goto, Masato Ishikawa, Hideaki Machida, Tomo Ueno, Yoshinao Kumagai
Summary: The effect of high temperature homoepitaxial growth of (010) beta-Ga2O3 layer by low pressure hot-wall metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy was investigated. The growth rate decreased and the growth mode changed as the growth temperature increased. A smooth, twin-free single-crystalline homoepitaxial layer with a structural quality equivalent to that of the substrate could be grown at 1000 degrees C. The grown layers were all n-type and showed an effective donor concentration approximately equal to the Si impurity concentration.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Hidetoshi Nakahata, Rie Togashi, Ken Goto, Bo Monemar, Yoshinao Kumagai
Summary: The study investigated the influence of growth conditions on the halide vapor phase epitaxy of In2O3 on sapphire substrates. It was found that growth temperature and input partial pressure of source gas play a crucial role in determining the growth rate, crystal orientation, and purity of the grown layers. The layers grown at higher temperatures exhibited different preferred orientations and surface characteristics, with the highest growth rate exceeding 10 μm/h at 1000 degrees C.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Di Di Li, Xu Jun Su, Jing Jing Chen, Lu Hua Wang, Jun Huang, Mu Tong Niu, Xiaodan Wang, Xionghui Zeng, Ke Xu
Summary: This study investigates the surface morphology and microstructure of c-plane AlN thick films grown by HVPE. The effects of miscut angle of sapphire substrates and HCl gas flow on the surface morphology are analyzed. It is found that AlN films grown on substrate with 4 degrees miscut have lower dislocation density.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Nattamon Suwannaharn, Sakuntam Sanorpim, Visittapong Yordsri, Kentaro Onabe
Summary: GaN films were epitaxially laterally grown on [110]-stripe-patterned GaAs (001) substrate by MOVPE. AlGaN intermediate layers and low-temperature GaN buffer layer were inserted to prevent structural defects. The introduction of dielectric SiNx masks resulted in nearly defect-free lateral overgrowth and a phase transformation from cubic to hexagonal.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Rie Togashi, Ryo Kasaba, Ken Goto, Yoshinao Kumagai, Akihiko Kikuchi
Summary: The HEATE method demonstrated high controllability and large-area adaptability for etching c-In2O3 layers, with the etching rate ranging from 1 to 75 nm min(-1) under different temperatures and pressures. The experimental results were in good agreement with thermodynamic analysis, indicating that the etching process follows thermodynamics.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Chia-Yen Huang, Sylvia Hagedorn, Sebastian Walde, Chia-Lung Tsai, Yi-Keng Fu, Markus Weyers
Summary: The growth of Si-doped AlN and Al0.63Ga0.37N is investigated, and it is found that the strain state of Si-doped AlN is thickness-dependent, while strain relaxation in thick Al0.63Ga0.37N layers is dominated by the generation of additional dislocations at low dislocation density in the AlN buffer, resulting in a significant increase in threading dislocation density and surface roughness.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Moe Shimokawa, Shohei Teramura, Shunya Tanaka, Tomoya Omori, Kazuki Yamada, Yuya Ogino, Ayumu Yabutani, Sho Iwayama, Kosuke Sato, Motoaki Iwaya, Tetsuya Takeuchi, Satoshi Kamiyama, Isamu Akasaki, Hideto Miyake
Summary: In the growth of Al0.6Ga0.4N, the formation of loop dislocations during three-dimensional growth reduces the dislocation density effectively. The study found that the spontaneous nucleation behavior of Al0.6Ga0.4N strongly depends on the fabrication temperature of homo-AlN, leading to successful reduction of dislocation density to as low as 5.8 x 10(8) cm(-2).
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Man Hoi Wong, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Masataka Higashiwaki
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Akira Yamaguchi, Daisuke Oozeki, Naoya Kawamoto, Nao Takekawa, Mayank Bulsara, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Koh Matsumoto, Akinori Koukitu
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Crystallography
Reo Yamamoto, Nao Takekawa, Ken Goto, Toru Nagashima, Rafael Dalmau, Raoul Schlesser, Hisashi Murakami, Ramon Collazo, Bo Monemar, Zlatko Sitar, Yoshinao Kumagai
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2020)
Article
Physics, Applied
Verdad C. Agulto, Kazuhiro Toya, Thanh Nhat Khoa Phan, Valynn Katrine Mag-usara, Jiajun Li, Melvin John F. Empizo, Toshiyuki Iwamoto, Ken Goto, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Nobuhiko Sarukura, Masashi Yoshimura, Makoto Nakajima
Summary: By utilizing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), the properties of Homoepitaxial film and semi-insulating bulk beta-Ga2O3 with (001) orientation were studied. The noninvasive and contact-free evaluation through THz-TDS proved to be a powerful tool for probing and obtaining information about beta-Ga2O3 materials, aiding in the development of beta-Ga2O3-based device applications.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Ken Goto, Hidetoshi Nakahata, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Applied
Abhishek Mishra, Taylor Moule, Michael J. Uren, Man Hoi Wong, Ken Goto, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Masataka Higashiwaki, Martin Kuball
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Applied
Man Hoi Wong, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Masataka Higashiwaki
Summary: An anomalous diode-like turn-on behavior was observed in the drain characteristics of current aperture vertical beta -Ga2O3 transistors, which was attributed to electron barrier created by negative fixed charges in the aperture opening. The study proposed possible role of point-defect diffusion in the performance and reliability of ion-implanted Ga2O3 devices.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Sandeep Kumar, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Masataka Higashiwaki
Summary: This study presents vertical Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with a staircase field plate on a deep trench filled with SiO2, which effectively alleviates electric field concentration in the Ga2O3 drift layer and the SiO2 layer at high reverse voltage operation. The Ga2O3 SBDs demonstrate superior device characteristics with low on-resistance and high off-state breakdown voltage.
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Ken Goto, Hisashi Murakami, Akito Kuramata, Shigenobu Yamakoshi, Masataka Higashiwaki, Yoshinao Kumagai
Summary: The influence of substrate orientation on the homoepitaxial growth of beta-gallium oxide was investigated. It was found that the growth rate increased near the (001) substrate, but sharply decreased from (001) to (010) with triangular pits formed on the grown layer. The pits were found to originate from dislocations propagating in the substrate at an angle of 60° with respect to the (001) plane. A pit-free homoepitaxial layer was achieved when the substrate orientation was around 60°.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Kyohei Nitta, Kohei Sasaki, Akito Kuramata, Hisashi Murakami
Summary: This study uses Trihalide Vapor Phase Epitaxy (THVPE) with solid GaCl3 as a group III precursor to successfully grow beta-Ga2O3, showing a linear increase in growth rate with increasing precursor pressure. The relationship between growth rate and VI/III ratio is investigated on sapphire substrates, with the maximum growth rate achieved at a VI/III ratio of 95. A growth rate of 32.2 μm/h is achieved on beta-Ga2O3 (001) substrates, with no particle generation, equivalent crystal quality to the substrate, and high purity comparable to HVPE.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Iori Kobayashi, Ryohei Hieda, Hiroto Murata, Hisashi Murakami
Summary: In this study, the impact of intermediate layers on ScAlMgO4 (SAM) for high-speed InGaN growth using trihalide vapor-phase epitaxy (THVPE) was investigated. The coverage and thickness of the intermediate layer significantly affected the composition and crystalline quality. THVPE was successfully used to fabricate InGaN with 17% indium on SAM in a lattice-matched state, demonstrating the potential for high-quality InGaN quasi-substrates with high indium composition.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Verdad Agulto, Toshiyuki Iwamoto, Kazuhiro Toya, Valynn Katrine Mag-usara, Masayuki Imanishi, Ken Goto, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Yusuke Mori, Masashi Yoshimura, Makoto Nakajima
Summary: This paper characterizes the free-carrier properties of wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium nitride and gallium oxide, using terahertz time-domain techniques. By fitting the complex refractive index to theoretical models, the free-carrier properties are extracted, facilitating device development.
TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION OPTICS AND PHOTONICS (CIOP 2021)
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daichi Yosho, Yuriko Matsuo, Akira Kusaba, Pawel Kempisty, Yoshihiro Kangawa, Hisashi Murakami, Akinori Koukitu
Summary: An ab initio-based approach was used to investigate the facet stability of GaN during tri-halide vapor phase epitaxy (THVPE). Surface reconstructions were analyzed to create surface phase diagrams, and a triangular wedge model was used to compute absolute surface formation energies with a Wulff construction predicting the energetically preferred crystal growth form. The calculated results can be utilized to control the shape of GaN grown by THVPE.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Verdad C. Agulto, Kazuhiro Toya, Thanh Nhat Khoa Phan, Hideaki Kitahara, Valynn Katrine Mag-usara, Melvin John F. Empizo, Toshiyuki Iwamoto, Ken Goto, Hisashi Murakami, Yoshinao Kumagai, Nobuhiko Sarukura, Masashi Yoshimura, Makoto Nakajima
2020 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ)
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kenji Iso, Shoma Ohtaki, Erina Miyata, Yuka Kido, Hisashi Murakami, Akinori Koukitu
GALLIUM NITRIDE MATERIALS AND DEVICES XV
(2020)
Article
Crystallography
Jianzheng Hu, Long Yan, Ning Zhou, Yao Chen, Xiaoni Yang, Lianqiao Yang, Shiping Guo
Summary: The effect and mechanism of carrier gas velocity, V/III ratio, and carrier gas velocity match on the growth rate of AlN were investigated in this study. The results showed that the growth rate of AlN initially increased with hydrogen flow rate, reached saturation, and then decreased monotonically. The turning point value depended on the equipment and process. By increasing the MO VM, the growth rate of AlN could be improved, but the uniformity deteriorated due to turbulence and loss of uniform boundary layer. High quality AlN films were successfully grown on nano-patterned sapphire substrates with improved crystalline quality and atomic smooth surfaces.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Tingting Ma, Yang Li, Kangning Sun, Qinglin Cheng, Sen Li
Summary: This study investigates the melting process and nucleation behavior of sodium crystals using molecular dynamics simulation. The results show good agreement between simulated and experimental values for the melting temperature, density, and radial distribution function of sodium. The diffusion coefficient of liquid sodium increases linearly with temperature, and the homogeneous nucleation rate of melting in superheated sodium crystal exponentially increases with temperature. The findings provide theoretical support for applications involving heat and mass transfer in sodium-related systems.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Hisato Nishii, Shintarou Iida, Akira Yamasaki, Takumi Ikenoue, Masao Miyake, Toshiya Doi, Tetsuji Hirato
Summary: Epitaxial V2O3 films were fabricated on sapphire substrates using mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD) method, eliminating the need for high vacuum conditions. The films can be grown on sapphire substrates even under atmospheric pressure, with the optimal growth temperature at 823 K. The films grown at 823 K exhibit a metal-insulator transition at approximately 155 K. The film on C-plane sapphire exhibits a lower transition temperature compared to those on R- and A-plane sapphire substrates.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Jani Jesenovec, Kevin Zawilski, Peter Alison, Stephan J. Meschter, Sambit K. Saha, Andrew J. Sepelak, Peter G. Schunemann
Summary: In this study, NiSb needles were successfully formed in InSb by manipulating the growth rate and adding NiSb. These needle structures in InSb can be used to tune the magnetoresistance of devices. Additionally, undoped InSb crystals demonstrated good infrared transmission at low growth rates.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
D. Joseph Daniel, P. Karuppasamy, H. J. Kim
Summary: The 2-amino 4-methyl pyridinium oxalate (2A4MPO) compound was synthesized and its crystal structure, functional groups, thermal stability, electrical properties, and third-order nonlinear optical properties were studied. The results demonstrate that the synthesized crystal has good structural integrity, thermal stability, and potential for third-order nonlinear optical applications.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
C. W. Lan
Summary: The past two decades have witnessed a significant transformation in solar silicon crystal growth, especially in the competition between multi-crystalline silicon (Multi-Si) and mono-crystalline silicon (Mono-Si). The demand for this crucial material has exponentially surged, with silicon solar panels capturing over 95% of the global PV market share. The advancements in crystal growth technology during this period have set historical benchmarks, with the market share shifting from high-performance multi-crystalline silicon (HPM-Si) to CZ silicon.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Peiyao Hao, Lili Zheng, Hui Zhang
Summary: A novel design of argon gas tube for removing impurities during silicon ingot growth was developed, and numerical simulations showed that it can effectively extract SiO.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Geetika Sahu, Chanchal Chakraborty, Subhadeep Roy, Souri Banerjee
Summary: This article discusses the novel fractal nature of hydrothermally synthesized MoS2 QDs. By adjusting the reaction time, the study found that the average size of QDs increases and then decreases with longer reaction times. STEM images indicate that shorter reaction times lead to sheet formation, while extended reaction times cause sheets to fragment into QDs.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Pengjian Lu, Wei Huang, Junjun Wang, Haitao Yang, Shiyue Guo, Bin Li, Ting Wang, Chitengfei Zhang, Rong Tu, Song Zhang
Summary: A systematic study on the tetramethylsilane-hydorgen (TMS-H-2) system for the deposition of pure single-crystal SiC by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD) method is conducted. The study investigates the effect of temperature, pressure, and H-2:TMS ratio on the deposition conditions and provides a theoretical basis and guidance for improving the quality and cost of industrial production of single-crystal SiC.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Xinyu Jiang, Liangliang Liu, Yanqing Liu, Yan Wang, Zhaoping Hou
Summary: Investigation on the preparation of anisometric templated textured high entropy or multi-element doped ferroelectric ceramics was conducted using A-site disordered niobate microcrystals. The effects of process parameters on the morphology and chemical composition were studied, and the photocatalytic properties of the microcrystals were evaluated.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Mobashsara Tabassum, Md. Ashraful Alam, Sabrina Mostofa, Raton Kumar Bishwas, Debasish Sarkar, Shirin Akter Jahan
Summary: In this study, high crystallinity copper nanoparticles were synthesized by altering the reaction medium at low temperatures. The results show that changing the reaction medium can reduce the surface energy of precursors and promote the formation of highly crystalline copper nanoparticles.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Ivan Bodnar, Vitaly V. Khoroshko, Veronika A. Yashchuk, Valery F. Gremenok, Mohsin Kazi, Mayeen U. Khandaker, Tatiana I. Zubar, Daria I. Tishkevich, Alex Trukhanov, Sergei Trukhanov
Summary: This work presents the production of single crystals of Cu2ZnGeSe4, a semiconducting quaternary compound, using a gas chemical method with iodine as a transporter. The phase state, crystal structure, and lattice constants of the synthesized samples were refined and determined. The band gap of Cu2ZnGeSe4 was calculated using transmission spectrum and it was found that the band gap increases by 12% with decreasing temperature in the range of 20-300 K.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Timur Malin, Igor Osinnykh, Vladimir Mansurov, Dmitriy Protasov, Sergey Ponomarev, Denis Milakhin, Konstantin Zhuravlev
Summary: The effect of growth temperature on the buffer leakage currents of GaN-on-Si layers was investigated. It was found that higher growth temperature results in lower leakage currents. The defects in GaN layers grown at different temperatures were studied using photoluminescence technique, and a correlation between leakage currents, structural perfection, and donor concentration in GaN-on-Si layers was established. It was also observed that reduced growth temperature leads to the formation of inversion domains.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Thi-Hoai-Thu Nguyen, Jyh-Chen Chen
Summary: The effect of heater power control on heat, flow, and oxygen transport for CCz crystal growth was studied. Shorter upper side heater design could improve crystal quality and growth, but with higher power consumption.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)
Article
Crystallography
Peter Rudolph
Summary: This article presents an overview of selected contributions to the development of crystal growth technology by the Laudise Prize awardee 2023. It discusses various aspects such as shaped crystal growth, the correlation between melt structure and crystal quality, control of intrinsic defects and inclusions, prevention of dislocation cell patterns, and melt growth experiments under a travelling magnetic field.
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2024)