Article
Immunology
Manuel Reithofer, Sandra Rosskopf, Judith Leitner, Claire Battin, Barbara Bohle, Peter Steinberger, Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
Summary: The translation highlights the different effects of costimulatory signals on human CD8 T-cell responses, with CD28 costimulation enhancing antigen-reactive CD8 T cells, 4-1BB costimulation inducing bystander proliferation, and CD27 signals enhancing antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Cornelia Schuster, Badr Kiaf, Teri Hatzihristidis, Anna Ruckdeschel, Janice Nieves-Bonilla, Yuki Ishikawa, Bin Zhao, Peilin Zheng, Paul E. Love, Stephan Kissler
Summary: CD5 is a negative regulator of lymphocyte function and plays a crucial role in modulating gut immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sana-Kay Whyte-Allman, Rupert Kaul, Reina Bendayan
Summary: In this study, we found that exposure to an HIV pseudotype virus led to a significant increase in the expression of ABC drug efflux transporters in CD4(+) T-cells, which was attenuated by mTOR inhibitors. Furthermore, inhibition of P-gp or MRP1 activity resulted in lower concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in supernatants of PBMC exposed to the virus.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Blagoje Soskic, Louisa E. Jeffery, Alan Kennedy, David H. Gardner, Tie Zheng Hou, Neil Halliday, Cayman Williams, Daniel Janman, Behzad Rowshanravan, Gideon M. Hirschfield, David M. Sansom
Summary: The expression patterns and associated functions of CD80 and CD86 on activated T cells exhibit clear differences, with CD80(+) T cells showing characteristics of induced regulatory T cells and CD86 being preferentially expressed on INF-gamma producing cells with effector T cell characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Quentin Le Hingrat, Irini Sereti, Alan L. Landay, Ivona Pandrea, Cristian Apetrei
Summary: CD4(+) T-cell depletion is a key feature of AIDS in both HIV and SIV infections, occurring early and being most significant at mucosal sites. The clinical outcome is associated with mucosal CD4(+) T-cell recovery during chronic infection, while immune activation and inflammation play critical roles in CD4(+) T-cell depletion.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Feiyan Mo, Norihiro Watanabe, Mary K. McKenna, M. John Hicks, Madhuwanti Srinivasan, Diogo Gomes-Silva, Erden Atilla, Tyler Smith, Pinar Ataca Atilla, Royce Ma, David Quach, Helen E. Heslop, Malcolm K. Brenner, Maksim Mamonkin
Summary: Engineered T cells targeting allogeneic lymphocytes through the alloimmune defense receptor (ADR) demonstrated effective tumor eradication in mouse models of hematopoietic and solid cancers, offering a potential 'off-the-shelf' therapy for immunocompetent recipients. The ADR selectively recognizes the 4-1BB receptor transiently expressed on activated lymphocytes, allowing for prolonged persistence and therapeutic benefit of rejection-resistant allogeneic T cells. This approach may provide a promising solution to the challenges of manufacturing autologous T cells for cancer therapy.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph Hiatt, Judd F. Hultquist, Michael J. McGregor, Mehdi Bouhaddou, Ryan T. Leenay, Lacy M. Simons, Janet M. Young, Paige Haas, Theodore L. Roth, Victoria Tobin, Jason A. Wojcechowskyj, Jonathan M. Woo, Ujjwal Rathore, Devin A. Cavero, Eric Shifrut, Thong T. Nguyen, Kelsey M. Haas, Harmit S. Malik, Jennifer A. Doudna, Andrew P. May, Alexander Marson, Nevan J. Krogan
Summary: This study systematically evaluates the functional roles of 426 genes in HIV replication by using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knock-out in primary human CD4+ T cells. They identify 86 candidate host factors that alter HIV infection, providing new insights into HIV biology.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Gregory A. Sowd, Christopher Aiken
Summary: Our study demonstrates that inositol phosphates, IP5 and IP6, play crucial roles in HIV-1 assembly and maturation. Depletion of IP5 and IP6 in T cells resulted in impaired viral particle assembly and reduced infectivity of produced virions. These findings suggest that targeting HIV-1 inositol phosphate binding pockets may inhibit distinct aspects of HIV-1 replication.
Article
Microbiology
Rachele M. Bochart, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Stephen Bondoc, David W. Morrow, Alexandra M. Ortiz, Christine M. Fennessey, Miranda B. Fischer, Oriene Shiel, Tonya Swanson, Christine M. Shriver-Munsch, Hugh B. Crank, Kimberly M. Armantrout, Aaron M. Barber-Axthelm, Charlotte Langner, Cassandra R. Moats, Caralyn S. Labriola, Rhonda MacAllister, Michael K. Axthelm, Jason M. Brenchley, Brandon F. Keele, Jacob D. Estes, Scott G. Hansen, Jeremy V. Smedley
Summary: The study demonstrated that a short-course multimodal therapy effectively eliminated common macaque endemic pathogens, improved GI microbiota, mucosal integrity, and inflammation. Establishing a GI pathogen free (GPF) status resulted in enhanced colonic mucosal barrier function, decreased inflammation, and improved consistency in animal models.
Review
Immunology
Sai Harsha Krovi, Vijay K. Kuchroo
Summary: Autoimmune diseases are characterized by dysfunctional immune systems causing tissue destruction. CD4(+) T lymphocytes play crucial roles, requiring activation through three signals. Disruption of these signals in autoimmunity leads to loss of tolerance in CD4(+) T cells.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Osaretin E. Asowata, Alveera Singh, Abigail Ngoepe, Nicholas Herbert, Rabiah Fardoos, Kavidha Reddy, Yenzekile Zungu, Faith Nene, Ntombifuthi Mthabela, Dirhona Ramjit, Farina Karim, Katya Govender, Thumbi Ndung'u, J. Zachary Porterfield, John H. Adamson, Fusi G. Madela, Vukani T. Manzini, Frank Anderson, Alasdair Leslie, Henrik N. Kloverpris
Summary: Research conducted on a large cohort recruited from high HIV endemic areas in South Africa revealed that people living with HIV presented at a younger age for GI clinic investigation, with severe CD4(+) T cell depletion in the GI tract, particularly in the colon. Despite full suppression of plasma viremia, HIV-p24 staining showed persistent viral expression, emphasizing the irreversible loss of GI CD4(+) T cells as a key event in HIV pathogenesis in PLWH in South Africa.
Article
Cell Biology
Ann-Kathrin Reuschl, Dejan Mesner, Maitreyi Shivkumar, Matthew V. X. Whelan, Laura J. Pallett, Jose Afonso Guerra-Assuncao, Rajhmun Madansein, Kaylesh J. Dullabh, Alex Sigal, John P. Thornhill, Carolina Herrera, Sarah Fidler, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Mala K. Maini, Clare Jolly
Summary: HIV-1 can infect resting memory T cells through cell-to-cell spread, and the infection leads to a reprogramming of T cells, acquiring characteristics of tissue-resident memory T cells.
Article
Oncology
Claire Battin, Annika De Sousa Linhares, Judith Leitner, Anna Grossmann, Daniela Lupinek, Shiva Izadi, Alexandra Castilho, Petra Waidhofer-Soellner, Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Jochen Stritzker, Peter Steinberger
Summary: Targeting co-stimulatory receptors enhances the functions of anti-tumor lymphocytes. The use of a secreted 4-1BBL ectodomain with a trimerization domain derived from human collagen as a payload in therapeutic viral vectors has been shown to be effective in reducing tumor burden in a CD34(+) humanized mouse model.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jeremy Anderson, Sedi Jalali, Paul V. V. Licciardi, Daniel G. G. Pellicci
Summary: This 27-color panel can measure different T-cell populations and their subsets, as well as functional markers associated with their activation status, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity. It is useful for studying T-cells in both in vivo and in vitro settings related to human health and disease. This panel is particularly valuable when samples are limited, as it can generate a large amount of data using small volumes of blood.
Article
Immunology
Jana Blazkova, Erin D. Huiting, Arun Kumar Boddapati, Victoria Shi, Emily J. Whitehead, Jesse S. Justement, Jeffrey L. Nordstrom, Susan Moir, Justin Lack, Tae-Wook Chun
Summary: The study found that levels of TIGIT were positively correlated with CD8(+) T-lymphocyte activity in HIV-infected and healthy individuals, but not in HIV-viremic individuals. Furthermore, TIGIT(+)CD8(+) T cells maintained intrinsic cytotoxicity in HIV-infected individuals, suggesting they may not represent a state of immune exhaustion.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rodrigo Alonso-Navarro, Genoveva Cuesta, Marta Santos, Celia Cardozo, Veronica Rico, Nicole Garcia-Pouton, Montse Tuset, Marta Bodro, Laura Morata, Pedro Puerta-Alcalde, Sabina Herrera, Dafne Soria, Marta Aldea, Josep Mensa, Jose Antonio Martinez, Ana Del Rio, Jordi Vila, Felipe Garcia, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, M. Angeles Marcos, Alex Soriano
Summary: A prospective study found that negative subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) at admission or after 5 days of remdesivir therapy was associated with better outcomes in hospitalized patients with moderate/severe COVID-19. Monitoring sgRNA levels could be useful in assessing the response to antiviral treatment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tom J. Levett, Jaime H. Vera, Christopher Jones, Stephen Bremner, Agathe Leon, Josip Begovac, Ludwig Apers, Margarida Borges, Sime Zekan, Eugenio Teofilo, Felipe Garcia, Jennifer Whetham
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate frailty, falls and perceptions of ageing among clinically stable individuals with HIV who were engaged with remote healthcare delivered via a novel smartphone application. The results showed that frailty, falls and ageing dissatisfaction were uncommon but still present in this younger cohort, and were associated with pain and mood symptoms.
Article
Immunology
Nuria Climent, Juan Ambrosioni, Tania Gonzalez, Cristina Xufre, Maria Casadella, Marc Noguera-Julian, Roger Paredes, Montserrat Plana, Judith Grau-Exposito, Josep Mallolas, Jose Alcami, Sonsoles Sanchez-Palomino, Jose M. Miro
Summary: This study reports a case of a highly controlled HIV infection individual who maintained undetectable viral loads for 15 years after stopping antiretroviral therapy. The researchers found that the high activity of NK cells and CD8 T cells were associated with the control of viral replication.
Article
Pathology
Marco Montella, Stefano Luca, Andrea Ronchi, Federica Zito Marino, Alessandro Caputo, Antonello Sica, Pio Zeppa, Renato Franco, Immacolata Cozzolino
Summary: This article reports a series of 12 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) diagnosed by cytology. The results show that the cytological diagnosis of ALCL can be challenging, and rapid on-site evaluation, cell block preparation, immunocytochemistry, and molecular assessment are necessary for accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis. When samples are properly managed, cytology can provide a reliable final diagnosis of ALCL.
Article
Immunology
Lorna Leal, Alberto C. Guardo, Luis M. Bedoya, Cristina Rodriguez de Miguel, Nuria Climent, Cristina Rovira, Manuela Beltran, Josep Llach, Jose Alcami, Angela D. M. Kashuba, Jose M. Gatell, Montserrat Plana, Felipe Garcia
Summary: Using colorectal tissue explants, we studied the impact of maraviroc (MVC), raltegravir (RAL), and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) PEP-based regimens on rectal mucosal susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. We found that 28-day MVC treatment significantly suppressed viral replication and infectivity correlated with immune activation and senescence.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafael Franco, Joan Serrano-Marin
Summary: The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is essential for energy production and anabolic processes in cells. While not as tightly regulated as other key metabolic pathways, it plays a crucial role in understanding and addressing diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction. This article suggests the need for better understanding and regulation of TCA cycle enzyme activity, including the possible direct regulation by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in mitochondrial membranes.
Article
Cell Biology
Rafael Rivas-Santisteban, Iu Raich, David Aguinaga, Carlos A. Saura, Rafael Franco, Gemma Navarro
Summary: The study discovered a direct interaction between PrPC and NMDAR, which alters the functionality of the receptor. Significant overexpression of NMDAR-PrPC complexes was observed in the AD model, and PrPC exacerbates the axonal transport of Tau and pTau proteins.
Letter
Psychiatry
Rafael Franco, Eva Martinez-Pinilla
Summary: Theobromine consumption in cocoa/chocolate is associated with an increased risk of depression, according to a recent article in BMC Psychiatry. However, it is challenging to establish a correlation between dietary habits and depression risk, as the diagnosis of depression is complex. Additionally, assessing the amount of theobromine is not easy due to variations in chocolate brands and cocoa percentage. Alternatively, it is speculated that individuals with depression may benefit from consuming products containing theobromine. Further research could explore the correlation between theobromine intake and the type of therapy used in depressed individuals, as some antidepressant drugs affect cravings for sweet products.
Article
Oncology
Stefano Luca, Renato Franco, Antonella Napolitano, Valeria Soria, Andrea Ronchi, Federica Zito Marino, Carminia Maria Della Corte, Floriana Morgillo, Alfonso Fiorelli, Antonio Luciano, Giuseppe Palma, Claudio Arra, Sabrina Battista, Laura Cerchia, Monica Fedele
Summary: Lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has a high mortality rate and lacks effective therapies. Immunotherapy shows promise, but predicting success is challenging. This study investigated the relationship between PATZ1 and PD-L1 expression in NSCLC and found that they are negatively associated. PATZ1 overexpression downregulates PD-L1 expression and inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, suggesting it may act as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giuseppa Zannini, Ilaria Tedesco, Immacolata Cozzolino, Marco Montella, Eduardo Clery, Carminia Maria Della Corte, Floriana Morgillo, Marina Accardo, Renato Franco, Federica Zito Marino
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the quantity and quality of nucleic acids extracted from mixed stained slides (MSSs) compared to unstained slides (USs). It was found that DNA extracted from MSSs showed satisfactory results while RNA extraction was not successful.
Article
Pathology
Federica Zito Marino, Simona Buono, Marco Montella, Rosa Giannatiempo, Francesco Messina, Giovanni Casaretta, Grazia Arpino, Giulia Vita, Francesco Fiorentino, Luigi Insabato, Alessandro Sgambato, Michele Orditura, Renato Franco, Marina Accardo
Summary: TNBC is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of NTRK aberrations in TNBC. Analysis of 83 TNBC cases showed high false-positive rate in IHC for detecting fusions, suggesting the necessity of molecular testing.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Claudia Llinas del Torrent, Iu Raich, Angel Gonzalez, Nil Casajuana-Martin, Jaume Lillo, Joan Biel Rebassa, Carlos Ferreiro-Vera, Veronica Saanchez de Medina, Rafael Franco, Gemma Navarro, Leonardo Pardo
Summary: The amino acid at position 6.51 plays a key role in the initial mechanism of activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that recognize signaling molecules derived from lipid species. This study provides insights into the binding and activation abilities of THC and the agonist JWH-133 on CB1 and CB2 receptors.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Alejandro Lillo, Joan Serrano-Marin, Jaume Lillo, Iu Raich, Gemma Navarro, Rafael Franco
Summary: Microglial activation is often seen in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. A study investigated the effect of adenosine receptor ligands on microglial activation and identified potential biomarkers associated with immune system-related events.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafael Franco, Joan Serrano-Marin, Gemma Navarro, Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
Summary: This review discusses the potential role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in the central nervous system, particularly in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The expression of RAS in dopaminergic neurons may impact dopamine synthesis and oxidative stress detoxification, and the regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity may involve the activation of protein kinase A and/or protein kinase C.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niklas Rosier, Denise Moennich, Martin Nagl, Hannes Schihada, Alexei Sirbu, Nergis Konar, Irene Reyes-Resina, Gemma Navarro, Rafael Franco, Peter Kolb, Paolo Annibale, Steffen Pockes
Summary: Dopamine D-1-like receptors are the most abundant type of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. The synthesis of new fluorescent ligands derived from D1R antagonist SCH-23390 was described, which can be used as tools for the visualization of D-1-like receptors. The high-affinity ligand UR-NR435 (25) showed excellent selectivity towards D-1-like receptors and proved to be a neutral antagonist in binding studies. This fluorescent ligand is a useful tool for studying native D-1 receptors in various experimental setups.