Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuhei Yamada, Shuji Mizumoto
Summary: This study characterized the properties of HYAL4 and found that it is a specific CS endoglycosidase. It is ubiquitously expressed in various organs in mice and is involved in the intracellular catabolism of CS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayumu Mubuchi, Shoo Katsumoto, Makoto Tsuboi, Hideaki Ishikawa, Yoshihiro Nomura, Kyohei Higashi, Shinji Miyata
Summary: Chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate are sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains with different levels of sulfation and disaccharide compositions. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans from Perna canaliculus show potential as biomaterials for studying the structure-function relationships.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Michael L. Neugent, Neha Hulyalkar, Ashwani Kumar, Chao Xing, Philippe E. Zimmern, Vladimir Shulaev, Nicole J. De Nisco
Summary: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides with negative charges, composed of uronic acid and amino sugars. The bladder epithelium is covered by a layer of GAGs, which are believed to serve as a protective barrier and potential interaction site for the urinary microbiome. This study investigated urinary GAG composition in postmenopausal women and found that chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the major GAG. The study also identified an elevation of urinary CS in women with active recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI). Additionally, the study revealed associations between urinary GAGs and urobiome composition, including specific bacterial species associated with different GAG types and vaginal dysbiosis.
ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiarong Zhang, Min Gao, Zhuoya Gao, Yingchao Hou, Jing Liang, Jinjin Lu, Shuai Gao, Boqi Li, Yufeng Gao, Jinghua Chen
Summary: In this study, we proposed a novel approach to improve gene transfection efficiency by altering the endocytosis pathway of nanocarriers. Our findings showed that calcium phosphate nanoparticles coated with glycosaminoglycan could be internalized by cells mainly through caveolin-mediated endocytosis pathway, bypassing the lysosome route and enhancing transfection efficiency. These nanoparticles exhibited efficient cellular uptake, protection of genes from degradation, and reduced cytotoxicity. This research provides a valuable method to enhance gene transfection efficiency and is important for the design of next-generation in vitro transfection reagents.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Carla Martin, Helena Ordiales, Francisco Vazquez, Marta Pevida, David Rodriguez, Jesus Merayo, Fernando Vazquez, Beatriz Garcia, Luis M. Quiros
Summary: This study found that cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are involved in the adhesion of acne-related bacteria to skin cells, with different bacteria affecting different cell types. Bacterial adherence also led to changes in gene expression in skin cells, affecting the structure of GAG chains.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rui R. Costa, David Caballero, Diana Soares da Costa, Romen Rodriguez-Trujillo, Subhas C. Kundu, Rui L. Reis, Iva Pashkuleva
Summary: Anisotropy plays a crucial role in the organization and healing of neural tissues, and holds great potential for developing regeneration strategies. The study demonstrates the fabrication of microfibers from charged ECM components using interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation, which can mimic the mechanical properties of neural tissues. These fibers are biocompatible and promote the formation of neural processes, enabling the development of neural cells.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Qingchi Wang, Lianli Chi
Summary: This review investigates the structural alterations and roles of GAGs/PGs in various diseases, and discusses their potential in disease diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and drug development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomoko Watanabe, Ko Takeda, Keiko Hiemori, Toshikazu Minamisawa, Hiroaki Tateno
Summary: This study revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to both heparin/HS and chondroitin sulfate E, and analyzed the specificity of each subunit of the S protein. Moreover, chondroitin sulfate E may serve as an alternative attachment factor for HS in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Gabor Toth, Domonkos Pal, Simon Sugar, Ilona Kovalszky, Katalin Dezso, Gitta Schlosser, Laszlo Drahos, Lilla Turiak
Summary: This study investigated the content and sulfation pattern of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver tissues, considering the etiology of the diseases. Major differences were observed in the total abundance and sulfation pattern of CS and HS chains, providing important insights into the molecular mechanisms of chronic liver diseases.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Imlirenla Pongener, Conor O'Shea, Hannah Wootton, Michael Watkinson, Gavin J. Miller
Summary: This review focuses on the chemical approaches and methodology improvements for the synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfate since 2015, including advances in accessing the pentasaccharide anticoagulant and targets for heparan sulfate synthesis. It also discusses key building block synthesis, oligosaccharide construction, chemical sulfation techniques, and technological improvements to traditional solution-phase synthesis approaches.
Article
Oncology
Htoo Zarni Oo, Zoltan Lohinai, Nastaran Khazamipour, Joey Lo, Gunjan Kumar, Jessica Pihl, Hans Adomat, Noushin Nabavi, Hakhamanesh Behmanesh, Beibei Zhai, Robert Dagil, Swati Choudhary, Tobias Gustavsson, Thomas M. Clausen, Jeffrey D. Esko, Jeffrey W. Allen, Michael A. Thompson, Nhan L. Tran, Judit Moldvay, Balazs Dome, Ali Salanti, Nader Al-Nakouzi, Glen J. Weiss, Mads Daugaard
Summary: Targeting oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains can serve as a prognostic and therapeutic strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with high expression associated with poorer outcomes. Both clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of oncofetal CS as a actionable prognostic marker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weijiao Zhang, Ruirui Xu, Jiamin Chen, Haibo Xiong, Yang Wang, Bo Pang, Guocheng Du, Zhen Kang
Summary: This review summarizes the advances in biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and its oligosaccharides. The use of cell-free enzyme catalyzed systems and de novo biosynthesis strategies allows for the regulation of CS sulfonated pattern and molecular weight, addressing the limitations of animal-derived CS and enabling the production of CS oligosaccharides with defined structures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Giulia Vessella, Jose Antonio Vazquez, Jesus Valcarcel, Laura Lagartera, Dianelis T. Monterrey, Agatha Bastida, Eduardo Garcia-Junceda, Emiliano Bedini, Alfonso Fernandez-Mayoralas, Julia Revuelta
Summary: The study reveals that the biological functions of chondroitin sulfates are influenced by their specific sulfate distribution, and their binding capacities are correlated with the surface charge of the 3D structure.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helena Crijns, Lowie Adyns, Eva Ganseman, Seppe Cambier, Eline Vandekerckhove, Noemie Poertner, Lotte Vanbrabant, Sofie Struyf, Tanja Gerlza, Andreas Kungl, Paul Proost
Summary: This study investigated the interactions between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteins, as well as the structural requirements for binding. Through peptide design and experiments, it was found that the affinity and specificity of peptides for GAGs can be tuned by adapting their amino acid sequence and the number of GAG-binding motifs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Courtney J. Mycroft-West, Anthony J. Devlin, Lynsay C. Cooper, Scott E. Guimond, Patricia Procter, Marco Guerrini, Gavin J. Miller, David G. Fernig, Edwin A. Yates, Marcelo A. Lima, Mark A. Skidmore
Summary: Currently, there are only palliative therapeutic options for Alzheimer's Disease with no successful new drug candidates developed in over 15 years. Heparin has potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's Disease, but its repurposing is limited due to its strong anticoagulant activity. A non-anticoagulant glycosaminoglycan extract from shrimp was found to inhibit the key neuronal beta-secretase BACE1, showing a more favorable therapeutic ratio compared to pharmaceutical heparin.