Article
Ecology
Paul Debes, Monica F. Solberg, Ivar H. Matre, Lise Dyrhovden, Kevin A. Glover
Summary: This study found that populations exhibit different morphologies and thermal performance in response to temperature changes, while outbreeding has a significant impact on traits and plasticity, showing heritability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sankar Subramanian, Manoharan Kumar
Summary: At the end of the last ice age, Atlantic salmon populations became landlocked in lakes and ponds of the Northern Hemisphere due to river blockages caused by land movement. This resulted in a different evolutionary pattern compared to anadromous salmons. Our study using whole genome data revealed a significant reduction in genetic diversity and an increase in homozygosity in landlocked salmon populations, indicating a recent population bottleneck. The findings suggest that landlocked waterbodies serve as islands, influencing the evolution of fish populations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Ingerid J. Hagen, Ola Ugedal, Arne J. Jensen, Havard Lo, Espen Holthe, Bjorn Bjoru, Bjorn Floro-Larsen, Harald Saegrov, Helge Skoglund, Sten Karlsson
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of supplementation on the effective number of breeders in different cohorts of Atlantic salmon populations, showing that supplementation activities may decrease the effective population size and pose additional threats to the populations.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Sebastian Wacker, Tonje Aronsen, Sten Karlsson, Ola Ugedal, Ola H. Diserud, Eva M. Ulvan, Kjetil Hindar, Tor F. Naesje
Summary: The study found that genetic introgression from escaped farmed salmon negatively impacts the survival rate of wild Atlantic salmon in a river in northern Norway, leading to a decrease in population-level genetic introgression. This suggests that there is natural selection against genetic introgression in the wild, potentially resulting in lower productivity.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey C. Long, Sarah E. Taylor, Lucio M. Barbosa, Luciano K. Silva, Mitermayer G. Reis, Ronald E. Blanton
Summary: This study explores the genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni parasites and their correlation with human communities in Brazil. The researchers find genetic clusters of parasites that coincide with different communities and even sub-communities. They also discover a surprising genetic relationship between subgroups in widely separated human communities, suggesting the existence of common transmission sites. The findings highlight the importance of both local efforts and identifying regional infection reservoirs for the permanent eradication of schistosomiasis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Clemence Fraslin, Jose M. Yanez, Diego Robledo, Ross D. Houston
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of decreasing the genomic relationship between training and validation populations on the accuracy of genomic prediction in Atlantic salmon breeding. The results showed that decreasing genetic relatedness resulted in decreased prediction accuracy and biased predictions. This highlights the importance of close genetic relationships between training and selection populations in salmon breeding programs.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nils Ryman, Linda Laikre, Ola Hossjer
Summary: Measurement of allele frequency shifts between temporally spaced samples has been used to estimate effective population size (N-e), also known as variance effective size (N-eV). Our study reveals that N-eV of a local population within a sub-structured population is influenced by genetic drift, migration rate (m), and census size (N-c). The relationship between N-e and N-c determines whether the realized N-eV of a local population increases or decreases with increasing m. The effect of N-c on N-eV is most significant at higher migration rates.
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Erika King, Megan V. McPhee, Scott C. Vulstek, Curry J. Cunningham, Joshua R. Russell, David A. Tallmon
Summary: The impact of precocious males on effective population size (N-e) in Pacific salmon has been quantified in a naturally spawning population of Coho Salmon. The study found that precocial males (jacks) can influence N-b and N-e, and make a substantial contribution to population dynamics and conservation of threatened stocks.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Raphael Bouchard, Kyle Wellband, Laurie Lecomte, Louis Bernatchez, Julien April
Summary: Captive-breeding programs, although effective in mitigating biodiversity loss, can result in genetic and nongenetic changes that reduce the fitness of supplemented individuals. This study investigated the reproductive success and genetic diversity of Atlantic salmon stocked at the parr stage in Quebec, Canada. The findings suggest that parr-stage stocking leads to reduced reproductive success compared to wild salmon, but still improves relative reproductive success compared to other stocking practices. Additionally, the supplementation of captive-bred salmon significantly contributes to increasing genetic diversity.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yunha Hwang, Peter R. Girguis
Summary: This study investigated the population-level genetic diversity of marine microbes and found differences in genetic diversification between different ocean basins, potentially due to variations in nutrient availability and environmental fluctuations.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carolina P. Moraleda, Diego Robledo, Alejandro P. Gutierrez, Jorge del-Pozo, Jose M. Yanez, Ross D. Houston
Summary: The resistance to SRS is a polygenic trait, and this study has identified relevant genes and pathways that are likely to play a role in mediating genetic resistance through genome-wide association analysis and RNA-sequencing.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Victor Martinez, Phillip J. Dettleff, Nicolas Galarce, Cristian Bravo, Jessica Dorner, Robert N. Iwamoto, Kerry Naish
Summary: Understanding the genetic status of aquaculture strains is crucial for sustainable management. Coho salmon in Chile's aquaculture industry has faced various events that have shaped its genome. Comparisons with strains from other countries revealed differences in effective population size, highlighting the need for measures to maintain genetic diversity and long-term sustainability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jannaina Velasques, Bruno do Amaral Crispim, Adrielle Ayumi de Vasconcelos, Miklos Maximiliano Bajay, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Alexeia Barufatti, Maria do Carmo Vieira
Summary: This study investigated the genetic structure and chemical variations of different populations of Schinus terebinthifolia in various ecoregions, revealing differences among populations and identifying the most divergent genetic and chemical group in the ombrophilous forest area, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to prevent biodiversity loss in that region.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Knut Wiik Vollset, Kurt Urdal, Kjell Utne, Eva B. Thorstad, Harald Saegrov, Astrid Raunsgard, Oystein Skagseth, Robert J. Lennox, Gunnel M. Ostborg, Ola Ugedal, Arne J. Jensen, Geir H. Bolstad, Peder Fiske
Summary: Evidence suggests the presence of an ecosystem-scale regime shift in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, characterized by a sudden decrease in growth of Atlantic salmon and mackerel, as well as a decrease in the proportion of early maturing Atlantic salmon. These changes may be related to factors such as the decline in Arctic water extent in the Norwegian Sea and a reduction in zooplankton in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean.
Article
Fisheries
Sebastian A. Pardo, Geir H. Bolstad, J. Brian Dempson, Julien April, Ross A. Jones, Dustin Raab, Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Summary: The study found that the trends in marine survival varied among different populations of Atlantic salmon, with the changes in marine survival primarily affecting the returning numbers after one year for the fish. However, other factors also played a role in the variations in return abundances among populations.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Saskia E. Werners, Russell M. Wise, James R. A. Butler, Edmond Totin, Katharine Vincent
Summary: Adaptation pathways have gained popularity in climate adaptation research and planning as a decision-focused approach. However, there is still a lack of systematic attempt to review and compare different approaches to adaptation pathways design and application. Analysis shows that different approaches correspond to different desired outcomes of pathways development, highlighting the need to focus on the utility of different methods in various decision contexts.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James R. A. Butler, Federico Davila, Robyn Alders, R. Michael Bourke, Steve Crimp, John McCarthy, Andrew McWilliam, Anton S. M. Palo, Lisa Robins, Michael J. Webb, Monica van Wensveen, Todd Sanderson, Daniel Walker
Summary: The frequency and severity of shocks to food systems are increasing globally, exacerbated by events like the current COVID-19 outbreak. Rapid assessments can help identify priority interventions by integrating diverse knowledge and data, but also come with risks and challenges that need to be addressed.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Brooke P. A. Kennedy, Wendy Y. Brown, James R. A. Butler
Summary: Managing dogs and cats in remote communities is challenging due to limited veterinary services and high reproductive rates. Engaging communities in analyzing and designing solutions themselves may lead to sustainable improvements. Stakeholder interviews and frame analysis revealed distinct groups with overlapping perceptions about overpopulation of dogs, suggesting a need for alignment in goals and values for effective management measures.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sara Busilacchi, James R. A. Butler, Ingrid van Putten, Michaela Cosijn, Joseph Posu, Ria Fitriana, Archie Slamet
Summary: It was found that both the characteristics of the value chains and the social-ecological context were important in determining motivations for engagement in legal and illegal value chains. In the South Fly region of Papua New Guinea, products like beche-de-mer, shark fins, and fish maw were valued. Value chain analysis revealed that illegal middlemen offered significantly lower prices to PNG fishers compared to legal buyers, with drivers for accepting lower prices including lack of information and reliance on middlemen.
HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Brooke P. A. Kennedy, Wendy Y. Brown, James R. A. Butler
Summary: The challenges of managing populations and health of dogs and cats in remote communities require community participation, education, and training to achieve sustainable improvements.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Federico Davila, R. M. Bourke, Andrew McWilliam, Steven Crimp, Lisa Robins, Monica van Wensveen, Robyn G. Alders, James R. A. Butler
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on global food systems, particularly affecting Small Island Developing States. The study aimed to identify vulnerabilities, impacts, and opportunities for resilience and sustainable development in selected Pacific Island countries, Papua New Guinea, and Timor-Leste. The major impacts have been on economies, posing risks to future food security and hampering progress towards Sustainable Development Goals.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Esther Sebastian-Gonzalez, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Francisco Botella, Lara Naves-Alegre, Juan M. Perez-Garcia, Patricia Mateo-Tomas, Pedro P. Olea, Marcos Moleon, Jomar Magalhaes Barbosa, Fernando Hiraldo, Eneko Arrondo, Jose A. Donazar, Ainara Cortes-Avizanda, Nuria Selva, Sergio A. Lambertucci, Aishwarya Bhattacharjee, Alexis L. Brewer, Erin F. Abernethy, Kelsey L. Turner, James C. Beasley, Travis L. deVault, Hannah C. Gerke, Olin E. Rhodes, Andres Ordiz, Camilla Wikenros, Barbara Zimmermann, Petter Wabakken, Christopher C. Wilmers, Justine A. Smith, Corinne J. Kendall, Darcy Ogada, Ethan Frehner, Maximilian L. Allen, Heiko U. Wittmer, James R. A. Butler, Johan T. du Toit, Antoni Margalida, Pilar Oliva-Vidal, David Wilson, Klemen Jerina, Miha Krofel, Rich Kostecke, Richard Inger, Esra Per, Yunus Ayhan, Mehmet Sanci, Unsal Yilmazer, Akino Inagaki, Shinsuke Koike, Arockianathan Samson, Paula L. Perrig, Emma E. Spencer, Thomas M. Newsome, Marco Heurich, Jose D. Anadon, Evan R. Buechley, Cayetano Gutierrez-Canovas, L. Mark Elbroch, Jose A. Sanchez-Zapata
Summary: The study found that scavenger species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging breadth. Social foragers also had a large paired nested degree in scavenger assemblages, likely due to being easier to detect by other species to signal carcass occurrence.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
I. Fazey, E. Carmen, H. Ross, J. Rao-Williams, A. Hodgson, B. A. Searle, H. AlWaer, J. O. Kenter, K. Knox, J. R. A. Butler, K. Murray, F. M. Smith, L. C. Stringer, S. Thankappan
Summary: Building community resilience in the face of climate change impacts requires significant societal change. Through relationship-building, capacity enhancement, enabling processes, and action-oriented research, beneficial social dynamics can be stimulated to support collaborative and systemic action. Further focus on the practical aspects of resilience building and new approaches will be crucial for advancing knowledge in this area.
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. R. A. Butler, R. M. Wise, S. Meharg, N. Peterson, E. L. Bohensky, G. Lipsett-Moore, T. D. Skewes, D. Hayes, M. Fischer, P. Dunstan
Summary: Adaptation pathways are decision-making processes that can guide climate-resilient development in developing economies. In Papua New Guinea's Bismarck Sea, an adaptation pathways approach was tested for natural resource development and proved effective despite complex political dynamics.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Saskia E. Werners, Edward Sparkes, Edmond Totin, Nick Abel, Suruchi Bhadwal, James R. A. Butler, Sabine Douxchamps, Harrhy James, Nadine Methner, Jana Siebeneck, Lindsay C. Stringer, Katharine Vincent, Russell M. Wise, Mark G. L. Tebboth
Summary: This paper discusses conceptual and empirical advances on climate resilient development pathways since the fifth assessment report, finding a lack of dedicated concept development and conceptual ambiguity. The literature reveals four non-exclusive clusters of approaches and recommends operationalizing climate resilient development pathways as consolidating climate action and development decisions towards long-term sustainable development. A greater focus on justice and equity issues is needed as climate resilient development pathways will involve trade-offs. Substantiating this concept has the potential to bridge climate and development perspectives.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
I Fazey, J. R. A. Butler, J. Kozak, J. Dubinin, C. Manning-Broome, D. Reed, G. Leicester, S. A. Burge, B. Searle
Summary: Climate challenge brings three emergencies: visible, conceptual and existential, which are urgent and interconnected. Louisiana's historical coastal development and climate-induced sea level rise have led to visible emergencies like land loss and increased flooding, highlighting the need to address conceptual and existential challenges for a comprehensive solution.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew J. Colloff, Russell Gorddard, Nick Abel, Bruno Locatelli, Carina Wyborn, James R. A. Butler, Sandra Lavorel, Lorrae van Kerkhoff, Seona Meharg, Claudia Munera-Roldan, Enora Bruley, Giacomo Fedele, Russell M. Wise, Michael Dunlop
Summary: Adaptive transformation requires intentional transformative adaptation (ITA), achieved through a mix of incremental and transformative co-production processes to transform social-ecological systems. While ITA approaches help overcome adaptation challenges, there are still issues in practice, requiring different processes for resolution.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Edward Sparkes, Edmond Totin, Saskia E. Werners, Russell M. Wise, James R. A. Butler, Katharine Vincent
Summary: Adaptation pathways are a decision-focused approach to account for uncertainties and complexities in planning and implementing adaptation actions. The pathways approach incorporates flexibility into decision making to accommodate changing conditions over time and reduce undesirable consequences. However, there is a lack of specific guidance on implementing and sustaining adaptation pathways.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
James R. A. Butler, Mariella Marzano, Nathalie Pettorelli, Sarah M. Durant, Johan T. du Toit, Juliette C. Young
Summary: Rewilding is the reorganisation of wildness in ecologically degraded landscapes with minimal intervention, but the impact on human components and governance arrangements are often overlooked. This paper proposes an adaptive governance framework that integrates stakeholder collaboration and social trust to manage the unpredictable nature of rewilding initiatives.
FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Hannah M. Barrowman, James R. A. Butler
HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW
(2020)