Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Hua Luo, Chi Teng Vong, Dechao Tan, Jinming Zhang, Hua Yu, Lin Yang, Chen Zhang, Chun Luo, Zhangfeng Zhong, Yitao Wang
Summary: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which helps reduce inflammatory responses, alleviate tissue damage, and maintain intestinal integrity and functionality.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlos E. Rivera, Yulai Zhou, Daniel P. Chupp, Hui Yan, Amanda D. Fisher, Raphael Simon, Hong Zan, Zhenming Xu, Paolo Casali
Summary: Maturation of antibody responses involves B cell Toll-like receptor (TLR) coengagement with B cell receptor (BCR), leading to various processes including somatic hypermutation (SHM), class-switch DNA recombination (CSR), plasma cell differentiation, and memory B cell generation. TLR-BCR coengagement requires linkage of TLR and BCR ligands, and it can induce mature antibody responses and protective antibodies against microbial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi-murium, without T cell help.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
T. R. Kannaki, E. Priyanka, Manda Abhilash, Santosh Haunshi
Summary: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are promising vaccine adjuvants and immunomodulators in poultry, with potential applications against infectious bursa disease (IBD) to improve vaccine-mediated immune responses. The co-administration of Poly I:C with intermediate IBD and bursaplex vaccines shows beneficial effects in enhancing specific immune responses with minimal immunosuppression and bursal damage.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Clovis H. T. Seumen, Tanja M. Grimm, Christof R. Hauck
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in immune response, but exaggerated activation can lead to inflammatory diseases. This review discusses the impact of protein phosphorylation on TLR signaling, highlighting the role of phosphatases as negative regulators. Understanding phosphatase-mediated regulation could offer new approaches to modulate immune signaling.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Katharina Radakovics, Claire Battin, Judith Leitner, Sabine Geiselhart, Wolfgang Paster, Johannes Stoeckl, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Peter Steinberger
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for recognizing microbial components and initiating immune responses. Although impurities containing TLR ligands can be problematic, this study developed a highly sensitive platform for detecting TLR ligands. By using specific reporter cell lines, the study demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in detecting various TLR ligands. This system can be used to characterize different TLR ligands, including complex samples like bacterially expressed proteins or allergen extracts, and can help define the structural requirements for TLR agonists.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Adriana Dominguez-Flores, Gloria M. Rodriguez Lopez, Rodolfo Soria-Castro, Ruben Lopez-Santiago, Octavio Rodriguez-Cortes, Sonia M. Perez-Tapia, Alma D. Chavez-Blanco, Sergio Estrada-Parra, Raul Flores-Mejia, Rommel Chacon-Salinas
Summary: Brucella abortus, a Gram-negative bacteria, is a major cause of brucellosis in animals and humans. This study analyzed the role of innate immune receptors TLR2 and TLR4 in mast cell activation during B. abortus infection. The results showed that B. abortus induced the synthesis of several cytokines and activated key cell signaling molecules in mast cells. Blockade of TLR2 and TLR4 receptors decreased the release of TNF-alpha and IL-6 by mast cells in response to B. abortus. Overall, mast cells are activated by B. abortus and may contribute to the inflammatory response during the initial phase of the infection.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yosef Daniel Huberman, Melanie Caballero-Garcia, Rober Rojas, Silvia Ascanio, Leandro Hipolito Olmos, Rosana Malena, Jorgelina Lomonaco, Paula Nievas, Paula Chero, Julio Levano-Gracia, Alfredo Mendoza-Espinoza
Summary: Poultry infections by Salmonella cause significant economic losses worldwide. Poultry serves as a common reservoir of Salmonella, posing a risk to humans through the food chain. Vaccination of layers plays an important role in preventing Salmonella infections.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elise Bornet, Alexander J. Westermann
Summary: This article discusses the increasing use of Bacteroides spp. as model gut commensals in cocolonization studies and their divergent roles in protecting against or promoting infection. It also explores the potential of cutting-edge transcriptomics in unraveling the molecular basis of these roles.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Bauer L. LeSavage, Sarah C. Heilshorn
Summary: An immune cell population enriched in inflamed gut tissue is found to drive CD44(+) intestinal organoid proliferation, while also regulating extracellular matrix deposition and remodelling in a synthetic hydrogel platform.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. W. Aleri, S. Sahibzada, A. Harb, A. D. Fisher, F. K. Waichigo, T. Lee, I. D. Robertson, S. Abraham
Summary: This study investigated the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in dairy cows in Australia. The findings revealed a high prevalence, multiple resistance, and different sources of spread for Salmonella. The study results provide important insights into the antimicrobial resistance in dairy cow herds in Australia.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Francesco Carubbi, Alessia Alunno, Angelo Viscido, Xenofon Baraliakos, Francesco Maria Mariani, Evy Di Ruscio, Piera Altieri, Claudio Ferri
Summary: Spondyloarthritis is a group of disorders related to the musculoskeletal system, which are also associated with extra-articular manifestations such as psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Similarly, inflammatory bowel disease can present with musculoskeletal manifestations. Identifying patients with both spondyloarthritis and inflammatory bowel disease is crucial in clinical practice.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Eiseul Kim, Seung-Min Yang, Hae-Yeong Kim
Summary: In this study, a rapid and accurate on-site serotyping method for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, Thompson, and Typhimurium was developed. This method, based on specific marker genes, utilizes portable equipment and a simple DNA extraction step. The method shows high specificity for the three serovars and can be completed within 25 minutes, making it ideal for field detection.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ibtehaj Naqvi, Nicholas Giroux, Lyra Olson, Telmo Llanga, Tolu O. Akinade, Yuefei Zhu, Yiling Zhong, Shree Bose, Stephanie Arvai, Karen Abramson, Lingye Chen, Loretta Que, Bryan Kraft, Xiling Shen, Jaewoo Lee, Kam W. Leong, Smita K. Nair, Bruce Sullenger, Sarah Anh Morrison
Summary: It has been found that severely ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU display a hyper-stimulation of TLR signaling, with nucleic acid-sensing TLR agonists present in their blood and lungs. CD16+ monocytes from deceased ICU patients show a TLR-tolerant phenotype and a deficient anti-viral response. Treatment with MnO nanoparticles effectively neutralizes TLR activation by nucleic acid-containing DAMPs/PAMPs in the lungs and blood.
Article
Fisheries
Alianet Rodriguez, Janet Velazquez, Luis Gonzalez, Tania Rodriguez-Ramos, Brian Dixon, Fidel Herrera Miyares, Antonio Morales, Osmany Gonzalez, Mario Pablo Estrada, Yamila Carpio
Summary: PACAP-38 from African catfish enhances antibacterial activity and modulates gene expression of immune-related molecules, suggesting its potential as an antimicrobial agent in aquaculture.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Feldgarden, Vyacheslav Brover, Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona, Jonathan G. Frye, Julie Haendiges, Daniel H. Haft, Maria Hoffmann, James B. Pettengill, Arjun B. Prasad, Glenn E. Tillman, Gregory H. Tyson, William Klimke
Summary: With the advancement of technology, in silico approaches to assessing AMR gene content have become possible. NCBI has developed a comprehensive AMR gene database and AMR gene detection tool, expanding the Reference Gene Catalog and releasing AMRFinderPlus to provide a more accurate means of identifying AMR genes and determining their relationship with phenotypes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)