Using WPC-inulin-fucoidan complexes for encapsulation of fish protein hydrolysate and fish oil in W-1/O/W-2 emulsion: Characterization and nutritional quality

The double emulsions and freeze-dried microcapsules containing fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) and fish oil (FO) were stabilized by complexs of whey protein concentrate (WPC) with inulin (Inu) and fucoidan (Fuc) in terms of physical characteristics (particle size distribution, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, solubility, ...), oxidative stability, nutritional quality and in vitro release. Higher encapsulation efficiency and solubility were observed in Fuc-WPC microcapsules (86.31% and 30.26 mg/100 g, respectively). The combination of Fuc-WPC in the wall material showed higher oxidative stability than other wall material. The higher values of PUFA and SFA were observed in Inu-WPC Fuc-WPC microcapsules, respectively. The Fuc-WPC and Inu + Fuc-WPC micrographs showed a more porous structure compared to Inu-WPC. The mean particle size ranged from 536.8 +/- 52.70 to 842.36 +/- 21.41 nm. No significant differences were observed in the released oil and the fatty acid composition during gastrointestinal digestion. Sensory evaluation of fortified natural yogurt with microcapsules showed lower fishy flavor in Inu-WPC samples than those fortified with Fuc-WPC and Inu + Fuc-WPC. In general, the use of inulin with WPC as a wall materal resulted in good characteristics and sensory attributed, although the use of fucoidan with WPC conferred higher oxidative stability during storage.