Article
Immunology
Kai Kammers, Athena Chen, Daniel R. Monaco, Sarah E. Hudelson, Wendy Grant-McAuley, Richard D. Moore, Galit Alter, Steven G. Deeks, Charles S. Morrison, Leigh A. Eller, Joel N. Blankson, Oliver Laeyendecker, Ingo Ruczinski, Susan H. Eshleman, H. Benjamin Larman
Summary: Low HIV viral load is linked to delayed disease progression and reduced transmission, with HIV controllers able to suppress viral load without treatment. The study used the VirScan antibody profiling system to compare antibody reactivity in different HIV groups. Results showed that controllers had higher antibody reactivity to certain peptides compared to non-controllers who were virally suppressed on ART.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Lele Zhao, Chris Wymant, Francois Blanquart, Tanya Golubchik, Astrid Gall, Margreet Bakker, Daniela Bezemer, Matthew Hall, Swee Hoe Ong, Jan Albert, Norbert Bannert, Jacques Fellay, M. Kate Grabowski, Barbara Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, Huldrych F. Gunthard, Pia Kivela, Roger D. Kouyos, Oliver Laeyendecker, Laurence Meyer, Kholoud Porter, Ard van Sighem, Marc van der Valk, Ben Berkhout, Paul Kellam, Marion Cornelissen, Peter Reiss, Christophe Fraser, Luca Ferretti
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between viral load and transmission fitness in HIV-1. The results suggest that higher set-point viral load is associated with increased infectiousness and transmission fitness. This finding has implications for understanding the evolution and spread of HIV-1.
Article
Biology
Judith A. Bouman, Colin M. Venner, Courtney Walker, Eric J. Arts, Roland R. Regoes
Summary: HIV-1 subtypes A, C, and D differ in their clinical manifestations, spread, and per-pathogen virulence. Subtype C has a significantly higher per-pathogen virulence compared to subtype A. Differences in the length of the primary infection period may explain the observed variation in spread between these subtypes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Steven M. Goodreau, Sarah E. Stansfield, John E. Mittler, James T. Murphy, Neil F. Abernethy, Geoffrey S. Gottlieb, Molly C. Reid, Juandalyn C. Burke, Emily D. Pollock, Joshua T. Herbeck
Summary: Set-point viral load (SPVL) is correlated with the age at which people acquire HIV, but it is also influenced by the SPVL of the source partner. This study proposes an alternative explanation that the decreasing risk of acquisition with older age generates a selection bottleneck and selects for more virulent strains. The findings suggest that the higher virulence of HIV among those infected later in life may be partly explained by a combination of selective bottlenecks and behavioral heterogeneity by age.
Article
Microbiology
Gary Brook, Tetiana Stepchenkova, Innocent M. Ali, Sandra Chipuka, Neha Goel, Helen Lee
Summary: The study demonstrates a high level of agreement between SAMBA II and laboratory-based testing, indicating that SAMBA II is suitable for use as a point-of-care assay for HIV viral load testing in remote settings.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ben Parker, Tom Ward, Olivia Hayward, Ian Jacob, Erin Arthurs, Debbie Becker, Sarah-Jane Anderson, Vasiliki Chounta, Nicolas Van de Velde
Summary: Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy may improve clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness for HIV patients, reducing HIV transmission risk to some extent and leading to cost-savings in healthcare.
Article
Microbiology
Adolfo Vubil, Ana Flora Zicai, Nadia Sitoe, Carina Nhachigule, Paulino da Costa, Cacildo Magul, Bindiya Meggi, Sofia Viegas, Nedio Mabunda, Ilesh Jani, Yongjun Sui
Summary: In evaluating antiretroviral therapy failure, Burnett performed better than DBS, while HemaSpot performed worse than DBS. However, both devices have a high rate of non-reportable results.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Armando B. D. Djiyou, Calixte Ida Penda, Yoann Madec, Grace Dalle Ngondi, Astrid Moukoko, Marie Varloteaux, Laure-Amelie de Monteynard, Cecile Moins, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko, Avelin F. Aghokeng
Summary: This study assessed the rate of sustained viral suppression (VS) and factors associated with virological failure (VF) in a cohort of adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon. The study found a high rate of VS, indicating that achieving the UNAIDS 95% VS rate is feasible in this population.
Review
Cell Biology
Sushama Jadhav, Vijay Nema
Summary: HIV-1 triggers activation of chemokine receptors, inflammatory mediators, and excitotoxicity mediated by glutamate receptors, disrupting neuronal and glial functions. Despite widespread use of antiretroviral therapy, brain function decline, mood swings, and abnormal activity continue to be observed, with an increase in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Ning Bai, Rui Xu
Summary: This paper investigates a diffusive HIV infection model with space-dependent parameters, different infection stages, and different classes of antiretroviral drugs. The combined effect of spatial heterogeneity, viral diffusion, and treatment intensification on the long-term dynamics of the model is examined. The results show the impact of spatial heterogeneity and viral diffusion on the basic reproduction ratio and viral load, as well as the effectiveness of different types of antiretroviral drugs.
COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chao Zhou, Wei Zhang, Rongrong Lu, Lin Ouyang, Hui Xing, Yiming Shao, Guohui Wu, Yuhua Ruan
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of high baseline viral load (VL) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes among HIV-infected patients. The findings suggest that patients with high VL at ART initiation have a significantly higher risk of AIDS-related death and virologic failure. Therefore, optimizing the treatment regimen and initiating ART early may effectively reduce mortality among patients with a high baseline VL.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura N. Broyles, Robert Luo, Debi Boeras, Lara Vojnov
Summary: This article summarizes the risk of sexual transmission of HIV from individuals with low-level viral loads and emphasizes its importance in public health. The review of 8 studies shows that the risk of HIV transmission is almost zero when viral loads are below 1000 copies per mL. These findings can help destigmatize HIV and promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Article
Immunology
Faeezah Patel, Stephanie Shiau, Renate Strehlau, Yanhan Shen, Megan Burke, Maria Paximadis, Sharon Shalekoff, Diana Schramm, Karl-Gunter Technau, Gayle G. Sherman, Ashraf Coovadia, Caroline T. Tiemessen, Elaine J. Abrams, Louise Kuhn
Summary: In a setting with high coverage of maternal ART and infant prophylaxis, factors such as maternal viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts were found to influence pre-ART viral load and CD4+T-cell parameters of infants diagnosed with HIV at birth.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Leigh F. Johnson, Azar Kariminia, Adam Trickey, Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, Didier K. Ekouevi, Albert K. Minga, Ana Roberta Pati Pascom, Win Min Han, Lei Zhang, Keri N. Althoff, Peter F. Rebeiro, Gad Murenzi, Jonathan Ross, Nei-Yuan Hsiao, Kimberly Marsh
Summary: This study aimed to propose an adjustment method to support consistent monitoring of viral suppression rates in ART patients. By considering different viral load distributions and model calibration, the reverse Weibull model was recommended for estimation.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Birgit Schramm, Elvis Temfack, Diane Descamps, Sarala Nicholas, Gilles Peytavin, Joseph E. Bitilinyu-Bangoh, Alexandre Storto, Minh P. Le, Basma Abdi, Janet Ousley, Thokozani Kalua, Vincent Calvez, Andreas Jahn, Anne-Genevieve Marcelin, Elisabeth Szumilin
Summary: This study assessed viral load and HIV drug resistance in adult patients transitioning to TLD treatment without previous viral load testing. The results showed high viral load suppression rates with TLD treatment after 1 year, but some patients had suboptimal adherence and potential drug resistance issues.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Peter Martin Ferdinand Emmrich, Hannah Elizabeth Roberts, Vera Pancaldi
BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hannah E. Roberts, Jacob Hurst, Nicola Robinson, Helen Brown, Peter Flanagan, Laura Vass, Sarah Fidler, Jonathan Weber, Abdel Babiker, Rodney E. Phillips, Angela R. McLean, John Frater
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rebecca Payne, Maximilian Muenchhoff, Jaclyn Mann, Hannah E. Roberts, Philippa Matthews, Emily Adland, Allison Hempenstall, Kuan-Hsiang Huang, Mark Brockman, Zabrina Brumme, Marc Sinclair, Toshiyuki Miura, John Frater, Myron Essex, Roger Shapiro, Bruce D. Walker, Thumbi Ndung'u, Angela R. McLean, Jonathan M. Carlson, Philip J. R. Goulder
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rory Bowden, Robert W. Davies, Andreas Heger, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Mariateresa de Cesare, Laura E. Oikkonen, Duncan Parkes, Colin Freeman, Fatima Dhalla, Smita Y. Patel, Niko Popitsch, Camilla L. C. Ip, Hannah E. Roberts, Silvia Salatino, Helen Lockstone, Gerton Lunter, Jenny C. Taylor, David Buck, Michael A. Simpson, Peter Donnelly
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna L. McNaughton, Hannah E. Roberts, David Bonsall, Mariateresa de Cesare, Jolynne Mokaya, Sheila F. Lumley, Tanya Golubchik, Paolo Piazza, Jacqueline B. Martin, Catherine de Lara, Anthony Brown, M. Azim Ansari, Rory Bowden, Eleanor Barnes, Philippa C. Matthews
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Palak J. Trivedi, Hannah Crothers, Jemma Mytton, Sofie Bosch, Tariq Iqbal, James Ferguson, Gideon M. Hirschfield
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannah E. Roberts, Maria Lopopolo, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Eshita Sharma, Duncan Parkes, Lorne Lonie, Colin Freeman, Samantha J. L. Knight, Gerton Lunter, Helene Dreau, Helen Lockstone, Jenny C. Taylor, Anna Schuh, Rory Bowden, David Buck
Summary: Recent advances in long-read sequencing technology, such as the Oxford Nanopore Technologies PromethiON platform, have shown potential for detecting somatic variations with higher accuracy and sensitivity compared to short-read sequencing methods. However, the development of specialized algorithms is necessary to improve the specificity and precision of somatic variant calling, especially for structural variants.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hannah Crothers, Adiba Liaqat, Katharine Reeves, Samuel Watson, Suzy Gallier, Kamlesh Khunti, Paul Bird, Richard Lilford
Summary: The study found that elective surgeries conducted by Independent Sector Healthcare Providers in England are associated with shorter lengths of stay and lower readmission rates compared to treatment in NHS hospitals, across various operation types. However, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the two types of healthcare providers.
BMJ QUALITY & SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jia-Yuan Zhang, Hannah Roberts, David S. C. Flores, Antony J. Cutler, Andrew C. Brown, Justin P. Whalley, Olga Mielczarek, David Buck, Helen Lockstone, Barbara Xella, Karen Oliver, Craig Corton, Emma Betteridge, Rachael Bashford-Rogers, Julian C. Knight, John A. Todd, Gavin Band
Summary: The human immune system relies on a vast array of antibodies and protein receptors to recognize pathogens, making analysis of gene families complex due to their intricate patterns of similarities and differences. By applying various sequencing methods and reconstructing immune-associated gene sequences, accurate assemblies were generated from a single individual's DNA, revealing structural differences and gene copy number variations. In-depth study of these variations may lead to a better understanding of the impact of genetic variation on human diseases.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Adiba Liaqat, Suzy Gallier, Katharine Reeves, Hannah Crothers, Felicity Evison, Kelly Schmidtke, Paul Bird, Samuel Watson, Kamlesh Khunti, Richard Lilford
Summary: The study demonstrates that performance-based financial incentives lead to threshold effects, with some organizations narrowly achieving the target every year. There were no threshold effects before the introduction of the incentive or for partial payment targets. Tracking threshold effects can provide valuable information for policymakers to improve incentives and understand unintended consequences.
BMJ QUALITY & SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yibin Liu, Jingfei Cheng, Paulina Siejka-Zielinska, Carika Weldon, Hannah Roberts, Maria Lopopolo, Andrea Magri, Valentina D'Arienzo, James M. Harris, Jane A. McKeating, Chun-Xiao Song
Article
Respiratory System
Elizabeth Sapey, Suzy Gallier, Chris Mainey, Peter Nightingale, David McNulty, Hannah Crothers, Felicity Evison, Katharine Reeves, Domenico Pagano, Alastair K. Denniston, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Peter Diggle, Simon Ball
BMJ OPEN RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2020)