Article
Food Science & Technology
H. P. Mohankumari, K. Akhilender Naidu, K. Narasimhamurthy, G. Vijayalakshmi
Summary: The study demonstrated that the pigments extracted from Monascus purpureus fermented rice showed significant antioxidative effects, reducing lipid peroxide formation and serum cholesterol levels in rats fed with high fat diet. Furthermore, the fermented rice also inhibited the HMG-CoA reductase activity, resulting in lower cholesterol levels in the liver and overall anti-atherogenic effects.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinsong Yuan, Shan Gao, Yudie Tan, Jiyun Cao, Shiwei Yang, Bin Zheng
Summary: This study examined the effects of different variables on solid state fermentation of Monascus purpureus HNU01 to enhance the yield of Monacolin K (MK) in red yeast rice. The optimized conditions resulted in red yeast rice with a MK content of 9.5 mg/g and no citrinin was detected. These results are useful for large-scale production of high-quality red yeast rice with health benefits for consumers.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Misha F. Vrolijk, Sonja van de Koppel, Florence van Hunsel
Summary: The study analyzed cases received by Lareb on red yeast rice (RYR)-related adverse health events and found that most reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and general disorders and administration site conditions. This highlights the importance of considering RYR supplements as a significant safety concern and the need for more research to fully assess their safety profile.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Janaina S. da Silva, Alessandra F. Rosa, Cristina T. Moncau, Barbara Silva-Vignato, Silvana Marina P. Pugine, Mariza P. de Melo, Joao Marcelo D. Sanchez, Marcus Antonio Zanetti
Summary: The effects of different sources and concentrations of selenium on glutathione forms and cholesterol metabolism in beef cattle were investigated in this study. Selenium supplementation can impact cholesterol metabolism by affecting GSH/GSSG ratio, GSH-Px, and HMGCR. The interaction between selenium source and concentration can influence glutathione forms.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Ying-Jang Lai, Ming-Ching Cheng, Hsin-Chun Chen, Chien-Lin Chen, Tuzz-Ying Song
Summary: This study investigated the hypolipidemic effect of PME3-1, extracted from Pinus morrisonicola hay, on hamsters fed a high fat and cholesterol diet. The results showed that PME3-1 significantly decreased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, LDL/HDL ratio, and liver and kidney swelling (p < 0.05). Additionally, hamsters fed 5.0 mg/kg bw of PME3-1 had reduced total lipid, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride content in the liver (p < 0.05), along with decreased HMG-CoA reductase activity. This study also found improved antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver, leading to increased excretion of triglycerides and total cholesterol in feces (p < 0.05), confirming the hypolipidemic and antioxidant regulating functions of PME3-1 in vivo.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
David M. Dolivo, Charlotte R. Reed, Kristine A. Gargiulo, Adrian E. Rodrigues, Robert D. Galiano, Thomas A. Mustoe, Seok Jong Hong
Summary: Fibrosis is a common pathological repair process in organs, but there is a lack of effective therapeutic methods. Repurposing existing drugs, such as statins, can be a complementary strategy to treat tissue fibrosis. Statins have been found to have anti-fibrotic effects through various mechanisms, and a better understanding of these effects can aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dongbo Yu, James K. Liao
Summary: This review discusses the development of statins, their non-lipid-lowering benefits, and proposes future research directions in this field.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Marketa Husakova, Michaela Plechata, Barbora Branska, Petra Patakova
Summary: The study found that the addition of nitrite alone had no effect on spore germination, but when combined with pickling salt, it effectively inhibited the germination of Clostridium spores. Red yeast rice (RYR) extract was able to completely suppress the germination of Clostridium spores, while having a lesser effect on Bacillus spores.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Man K. S. Lee, Olivia D. Cooney, Xuzhu Lin, Shaktypreya Nadarajah, Dragana Dragoljevic, Kevin Huynh, Danise-Ann Onda, Sandra Galic, Peter J. Meikle, Thomas Edlund, Morgan D. Fullerton, Bruce E. Kemp, Andrew J. Murphy, Kim Loh
Summary: The study revealed that the AMPK/HMGCR axis plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. Defects in AMPK regulation of HMGCR lead to increased aortic lesions, plaque-associated macrophages, lipid accumulation, and atherogenic monocytes.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hai-qing Liu, Zhen-feng Huang, Shan-zhong Yang, Xiao-fei Tian, Zhen-qiang Wu
Summary: The study found that La3+ treatment significantly increased the yield of Monascus pigments and biomass, while reducing citrinin production. La3+ treatment not only improved ROS levels and the activities of CAT and SOD, but also enhanced the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xing-Zi Li, Shi-You Jiang, Guo-Qiang Li, Qian-Ru Jiang, Jue-Wan Li, Chen-Chen Li, Yu-Qin Han, Bao-Liang Song, Xin-Ran Ma, Wei Qi, Wen-Wei Qiu
Summary: A series of novel HMG499 analogs were synthesized and one of the compounds, 29 (QH536), showed potent activity in promoting HMGCR degradation without inducing cholesterol accumulation in cells. Compound 29 also exhibited effects on lowering cholesterol levels and suppressing various related genes, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of CVD and NASH.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Je-Wen Liou, Hemalatha Mani, Jui-Hung Yen
Summary: Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver caused by viral infections, most commonly hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Host lipid metabolism, particularly cholesterol metabolism, is crucial for hepatitis viral infection and life cycle. Manipulating host cholesterol metabolism-related genes and proteins, such as using cholesterol-lowering drugs, has shown promising results in the treatment of viral hepatitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dilara Mehri, N. Altinay Perendeci, Yekta Goksungur
Summary: Various biotechnological approaches have been used to convert food waste into value-added bioproducts through fermentation processes. This study focused on investigating the effect of different fermentation parameters in simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of whey for pigment production with Monascus purpureus. Optimal conditions of SHF were 2% (v/v) inoculation ratio, 75 g/L of lactose as carbon source, 25 g/L of MSG as nitrogen source, and fermentation medium pH of 7.0, leading to maximum red pigment production.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jia-Li Feng, Suzanne C. Dixon-Suen, Susan J. Jordan, Penelope M. Webb
Summary: The use of statins may provide a survival benefit for women with ovarian cancer, particularly for those with endometrioid cancers. However, bias in observational studies poses challenges in conclusively establishing this association.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Tyler Bahr, Gavin Butler, Christian Rock, Kyle Welburn, Kathryn Allred, Damian Rodriguez
Summary: Mono- and sesquiterpenoids are the main chemical constituents of essential oils, which have lipid-lowering properties. Many essential oil compounds have similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, likely through direct agonism of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors and direct interaction with sterol-sensing domains. Terpene derivatives in essential oils may have cholesterol-lowering activity and could potentially synergize with statins, but further high-quality studies are needed to establish their clinical efficacy.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
