Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alina Mihalcea, Sonia Amariei
Summary: Crops can be contaminated by fungi producing mycotoxins, with over 400 different mycotoxins described so far. This study evaluates the prevalence of mycotoxins in corn and corn-derived products in Romania. Fumonisins were found to be the most prevalent mycotoxin, while zearalenone had the lowest presence. The levels of these mycotoxins were within the legal limits.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mohammed Sherif, Nadine Kirsch, Richard Splivallo, Katharina Pfohl, Petr Karlovsky
Summary: The interaction between Fusarium graminearum (FG) and Fusarium verticillioides (FV) in plants is influenced by mycotoxins. FG stimulates the growth of FV while FV suppresses the growth of FG. Fumonisins act as interference competition agents, while trichothecenes have no role in the interaction. FG stimulates FV growth by secreting hydrolases and may also affect plant defense. The biological function of fumonisin production in planta is to protect kernels shed on the ground before competitors become established.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Michelangelo Pascale, Antonio F. Logrieco, Vincenzo Lippolis, Annalisa De Girolamo, Salvatore Cervellieri, Veronica M. T. Lattanzio, Biancamaria Ciasca, Anna Vega, Mareike Reichel, Matthias Graeber, Katarina Slettengren
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of grain cleaning in reducing levels of co-occurring Fusarium toxins in maize at an industrial scale using mechanical and/or optical sorting technologies. Results showed that grain cleaning can significantly reduce contamination levels of DON, ZEA, and FBs in maize, with reduction rates of up to 2670%.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Celine Peillod, Marie Laborde, Angelique Travel, Amandine Mika, Jean Denis Bailly, Didier Cleva, Cyril Boissieu, Jean Le Guennec, Olivier Albaric, Sophie Labrut, Pascal Froment, Didier Tardieu, Philippe Guerre
Summary: The study found that decreased performance may occur in ducks exposed to a combination of fumonisins B (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), but did not reveal any other interactions between mycotoxins in other variables measured.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Valentina Scarpino, Francesca Vanara, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Massimo Blandino
Summary: The study investigated the co-occurrence of various mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in maize food products and their fate during the dry-milling process. It was found that grain cleaning significantly reduced fungal metabolites, with different maize products showing varying levels of contamination.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sabrina Locatelli, Valentina Scarpino, Chiara Lanzanova, Elio Romano, Amedeo Reyneri
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence of regulated mycotoxins in maize grain samples from Italy over an 11-year period and explored the impact of different fungal species and meteorological conditions on mycotoxin contamination.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Valentina Scarpino, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Amedeo Reyneri, Massimo Blandino
Summary: This study investigated the role of soil fertility resulting from different nitrogen fertilization rates on the contamination of mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in maize grains. The results showed that poor soil fertility was associated with increased contamination of certain fungal metabolites, while nitrogen overload led to higher contamination of other fungal metabolites. A balanced use of nitrogen fertilizer was found to be the best solution to reduce mycotoxin and fungal metabolite contamination.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Hongwen Xu, Liangzhe Wang, Jiadi Sun, Liping Wang, Hongyan Guo, Yongli Ye, Xiulan Sun
Summary: Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by fungi in food or feed that can be toxic to both humans and animals. Traditional methods for detoxification have limitations, leading to an urgent need for new technologies to effectively control mycotoxins. Microbial detoxification technology has been widely used in recent years due to its high efficiency, low toxicity, and strong specificity.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ling Yang, Lihan Yang, Yuqing Cai, Yifei Luo, Hui Wang, Li Wang, Jingqing Chen, Xiaoming Liu, Yingjie Wu, Yinghe Qin, Zhenlong Wu, Ning Liu
Summary: Nowadays, companion animals such as dogs have become integral members of families and form strong emotional bonds with their owners. Ensuring the safety and nutritional adequacy of dog food is crucial for their health and well-being. However, common ingredients in dry dog food, such as cereals and plant-based feedstuffs, can potentially be contaminated with mycotoxins, which can adversely affect dogs' growth and metabolism. This review provides an overview of the mycotoxins found in dog food, their toxicity to dogs, and different detoxification methods. The aim is to serve as a reference for future studies in evaluating risk, implementing preventive strategies, and setting clear criteria for mycotoxins to minimize exposure, reduce harm, and prevent mycotoxicosis in dogs.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elizabet Janic Hajnal, Jovana Kos, Bojana Radic, Mislav Anic, Radmila Radovic, Nina Kudumija, Ana Vulic, Sanja Dekic, Jelka Pleadin
Summary: Ongoing climate change affects the susceptibility of plants to mycotoxigenic fungi and increases the presence of mycotoxins. This study focused on the impact of weather parameters on the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in maize samples from Serbia and Croatia. The results showed that the frequency and contamination level of these mycotoxins varied by year of production and were influenced by weather conditions. FUMs were found to be the most common contaminants in maize from both countries, while DON and ZEN contamination was highest in 2014 due to extreme precipitation.
Review
Plant Sciences
Gary P. Munkvold, Robert H. Proctor, Antonio Moretti
Summary: Fusarium is a significant genus of plant-pathogenic fungi and one of the most important mycotoxin-producing genera in the world. Understanding the mycotoxin potential of individual species is crucial for assessing toxicological risks, but efforts to summarize mycotoxin production have been complicated by various classification systems.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 59, 2021
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Aldrey Nathalia Ribeiro Correa, Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira
Summary: This article introduces the regulations and maximum tolerated limits for mycotoxins in Brazil, and discusses the findings of recent studies indicating that several grains intended for human consumption in Brazil exceed the mycotoxins limits. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins in different grains grown in Brazil is also addressed.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Tomasz Goral, Halina Wisniewska, Piotr Ochodzki, Adriana Twardawska, Dorota Walentyn-Goral
Summary: The study identified triticale lines with resistance to Fusarium head blight that combine low head infection with low toxin contamination. Triticale was found to be more resistant to head infection compared to wheat.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dritan Topi, Janja Babic, Katarina Pavsic-Vrtac, Gabrijela Tavcar-Kalcher, Breda Jakovac-Strajn
Summary: This study analyzed ten Fusarium toxins in wheat and maize commodities from Albania, finding higher levels of toxins in maize samples, mainly FB1 and FB2, with some maize samples exceeding the EU maximum permitted level. The presence of Fusarium toxins in wheat and maize grains cultivated in Albania was reported for the first time.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Daniela Simoes, Bruna Carbas, Andreia Soares, Andreia Freitas, Ana Sanches Silva, Carla Brites, Eugenia de Andrade
Summary: Maize is an important crop but often contaminated with mycotoxins, affecting both humans and animals. A pilot study compared the levels of mycotoxins in grains of maize plants treated with two fertilizers (F-BAC and Nefusoil) in real agricultural conditions. Fumonisins and deoxynivalenol were detected, with varying levels. Nefusoil showed promising results in controlling fumonisin levels. The two treatments did not significantly differ in fungal contamination rate or Fusarium species diversity.