Article
Plant Sciences
Hong-Yun Zeng, He-Nan Bao, Yi-Li Chen, Ding-Kang Chen, Kun Zhang, Shuai-Kang Liu, La Yang, Yong-Kang Li, Nan Yao
Summary: This study reveals that two classes of ceramide synthases differentially regulate EDS1/PAD4-dependent programmed cell death and immunity in Arabidopsis by subtly controlling long-chain bases and ceramides.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Juanjuan Yu, Juan M. Gonzalez, Zhiping Dong, Qianru Shan, Bowen Tan, Jin Koh, Tong Zhang, Ning Zhu, Craig Dufresne, Gregory B. Martin, Sixue Chen
Summary: Plants have developed a two-layered immune system consisting of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Through integrative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of the tomato-Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) pathosystem, it was found that ETI response is stronger than PTI response. Protein abundance and phosphorylation changes revealed key regulators involved in signaling, oxidative stress, transport, cell remodeling, hormone signaling, and implicated potential markers for PTI and ETI.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Brenna C. Remick, Moritz M. Gaidt, Russell E. Vance
Summary: The innate immune system recognizes pathogens through receptors encoded in the germline that bind to specific pathogen ligands known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is an alternative pathogen sensing strategy that involves detection of pathogen-encoded virulence factors called effectors. Unlike PAMPs, effectors are diverse and rapidly evolving, making them challenging targets for direct detection.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Julien Lang, Baptiste Genot, Jean Bigeard, Jean Colcombet
Summary: This study reveals that ETI-mediating NLRs and NLR signaling components NDR1 and EDS1 can promote the salicylic acid sector of defense downstream of MPK3 activity. It also demonstrates that both sustained and transient MPK3/6 activities positively control the expression of several NLR genes. The findings highlight the intricate interplay of PTI and ETI pathways.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jose Salguero-Linares, Irene Serrano, Nerea Ruiz-Solani, Marta Salas-Gomez, Ujjal Jyoti Phukan, Victor Manuel Gonzalez, Marti Bernardo-Faura, Marc Valls, David Rengel, Nuria S. Coll
Summary: This study identified transcriptional indicators of plant immune response cell death and developed a pipeline to define specific genes that mark cells destined to undergo pathogen-triggered cell death. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of cell death in the plant immune system and open up new avenues for further research.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arsheed H. Sheikh, Iosif Zacharia, Alonso J. Pardal, Ana Dominguez-Ferreras, Daniela J. Sueldo, Jung-Gun Kim, Alexi Balmuth, Jose R. Gutierrez, Brendon F. Conlan, Najeeb Ullah, Olivia M. Nippe, Anil M. Girija, Chih-Hang Wu, Guido Sessa, Alexandra M. E. Jones, Murray R. Grant, Miriam L. Gifford, Mary Beth Mudgett, John P. Rathjen, Vardis Ntoukakis
Summary: In both plants and animals, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors play critical roles in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. By studying the tomato Prf/Pto NLR resistance complex, the researchers identified the 14-3-3 proteins TFT1 and TFT3 as interacting partners of the NLR complex and the protein kinase MAPKKK alpha. They also found that the helper NRC proteins are integral components of the Prf/Pto NLR recognition complex. The study provides mechanistic insights into the activation of immune receptors and initiation of downstream signaling cascades.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hong-Yun Zeng, Yu Liu, Ding-Kang Chen, He-Nan Bao, Li-Qun Huang, Jian Yin, Yi-Li Chen, Shi Xiao, Nan Yao
Summary: The study revealed that EDS1 and PAD4 are involved in plant sphingolipid metabolism and associated cell death.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Margot Raffeiner, Suayib Uestuen, Tiziana Guerra, Daniela Spinti, Maria Fitzner, Sophia Sonnewald, Susanne Baldermann, Frederik Boernke
Summary: Xanthomonas effector protein XopS enhances disease susceptibility by repressing defense gene expression and suppressing stomatal immunity through interaction with and inhibition of WRKY40, a transcriptional regulator. XopS manipulation of WRKY40 stability alters downstream gene expression and phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Cedric Torre, Laurent Boyer
Summary: In recent years, there has been a discovery of a cell autonomous innate immune memory called trained immunity, which is carried by innate immune cells and characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response. This immune memory involves the activation of molecular platforms called inflammasomes, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is also involved in western diet-induced trained immunity and the detection of microbial virulence factors. This suggests the existence of a connection between trained immunity triggered by microbial virulence factors, termed effector-triggered trained immunity (ETTI).
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Keran Zhai, Di Liang, Helin Li, Fangyuan Jiao, Bingxiao Yan, Jing Liu, Ziyao Lei, Li Huang, Xiangyu Gong, Xin Wang, Jiashun Miao, Yichuan Wang, Ji-Yun Liu, Lin Zhang, Ertao Wang, Yiwen Deng, Chi-Kuang Wen, Hongwei Guo, Bin Han, Zuhua He
Summary: This study identifies the deubiquitinase PICI1 as a key player in regulating PTI and ETI in rice, promoting the production of defense metabolites by activating methionine synthetase, and ensuring coordination between PTI and ETI. NLRB receptors such as PigmR protect PICI1 from effector-mediated degradation in the plant immune system, contributing to broad-spectrum resistance.
Article
Cell Biology
Xingzhe Ma, Liuling Xiao, Lintao Liu, Lingqun Ye, Pan Su, Enguang Bi, Qiang Wang, Maojie Yang, Jianfei Qian, Qing Yi
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms of how T cells become dysfunctional in a tumor microenvironment is crucial for cancer immunotherapy. This study found that CD36 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells, induced by TME cholesterol, is associated with tumor progression and poor survival, and that genetic ablation of Cd36 in these T cells leads to enhanced tumor eradication. Targeting CD36 or inhibiting ferroptosis could restore T cell function and enhance antitumor efficacy, especially in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shraddha K. Dahale, Daipayan Ghosh, Kishor D. Ingole, Anup Chugani, Sang Hee Kim, Saikat Bhattacharjee
Summary: Pseudomonas syringae-secreted HopA1 effectors play important roles in enhancing plant pathogenicity and suppressing immune responses. Different variants of HopA1 have varying effects on the plant immune system, highlighting the need for further research on their roles in virulence regulation and resistance mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jose S. Rufian, Javier Rueda-Blanco, Diego Lopez-Marquez, Alberto P. Macho, Carmen R. Beuzon, Javier Ruiz-Albert
Summary: The effector protein HopZ1a from Pseudomonas syringae suppresses plant basal immunity by targeting the Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase AtMKK7 through acetylation, leading to inhibition of immune signaling pathways. In vitro and in planta assays demonstrate the interaction between HopZ1a and AtMKK7, with acetylation of a lysine residue crucial for AtMKK7 kinase activity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Qingbiao Xie, Bingzheng Wei, Zhaohong Zhan, Qiguang He, Kejian Wu, Yu Chen, Shiyao Liu, Chaozu He, Xiaolei Niu, Chunxia Li, Chaorong Tang, Jun Tao
Summary: The type III effectors (T3Es) of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) are crucial for efficient plant infection. While the functions of AvrE family T3Es have been reported, the role of XopAM in Xcc has not been studied. This research reveals that XopAM has different effects on host species, acts as a lipase targeting the cytomembrane, and interacts with the protein AMAR1 in Arabidopsis Col-0 to induce a hypersensitive response limiting Xcc proliferation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hobin Kang, Quang-Minh Nguyen, Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto, Jong Chan Hong, Saikat Bhattacharjee, Walter Gassmann, Sang Hee Kim
Summary: Researchers found that RPS6 is the only R protein that recognizes HopA1(Pss61) in Arabidopsis, and both are co-localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm, while HopA1(Pss61) is also distributed in the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata.
