Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Surupa Chakraborty, Esha Sircar, Camelia Bhattacharyya, Ankita Choudhuri, Akansha Mishra, Sreejita Dutta, Sneha Bhatta, Kumar Sachin, Rajib Sengupta
Summary: S-nitrosylation of proteins, resulting from the reaction between cysteine thiols and nitric oxide (NO), is associated with diseases and protein malfunction. It has rapidly emerged as a major cause of various metabolic, respiratory, and cardiac disorders, particularly cancer and neurodegeneration. The field of redox biochemistry has explored other covalently modified versions of proteins, but the S-nitrosoproteome, which refers to the diverse and dynamic repertoire of S-nitrosylated proteins, remains relatively unexplored. Research in this area is uncovering the clinical importance of S-nitrosylation in disease etiology and providing new avenues for prompt diagnosis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ajanta Chatterji, Rajib Sengupta
Summary: Nitric oxide is a gasotransmitter molecule that plays various roles in cellular processes. Recent research supports the existence of S-nitrosylated proteins within cells, challenging the controversy over their stability. Evidence suggests that these proteins directly regulate functionality and provide insights into cell signaling.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arbi Abnousian, Joshua Vasquez, Kayvan Sasaninia, Melissa Kelley, Vishwanath Venketaraman
Summary: Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant that helps prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species and other harmful substances. It plays an important role in the immune response against tuberculosis (TB) by modulating immune cells and their functions. The use of GSH as a therapy for TB has shown promising results, especially for patients with higher susceptibility.
Article
Plant Sciences
K. Ciacka, A. Gniazdowska, U. Krasuska
Summary: The study found that cold stratification increased the generation of free radicals in the embryonic axes of apple seeds, leading to increased levels of GSH and GSSG. The activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase-like were also altered during cold stratification. However, the removal of dormancy through cold stratification did not significantly affect the viability of apple seeds.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Omer F. Bay, Kelly S. Hayes, Jean-Marc Schwartz, Richard K. Grencis, Ian S. Roberts
Summary: Genome-scale metabolic model of Trichuris muris reveals the essential role of Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) enzyme for its survival, as well as the mechanism of glutathione reduction by TrxR enzyme. The model also predicts several essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by T. muris.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jacky Lu, Kanagavel Murugesan, Fiona Senchyna, Indre Budvytiene, Niaz Banaei
Summary: This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) in tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) patients. The results showed that QFT had a sensitivity of 78.0% in TB patients, with 86.0% in immunocompetent patients and 69.2% in immunocompromised patients. The specificity of QFT in NTM patients was 76.1%, but after excluding NTM patients with risk factors for latent TB infection, the specificity increased to 94.4%.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yeya dit Sadio Sarro, Matthew A. Butzler, Fanta Sanogo, Ousmane Kodio, Mohamed Tolofoudie, Mariam S. Goumane, Bocar Baya, Seydou Diabate, Ibrahim Boubacar Diallo, Djakaridja Daniogo, Bindongo P. P. Dembele, Issiaka Camara, Alisha Kumar, Etienne Dembele, Bourahima Kone, Chad J. Achenbach, Grant Theron, Khadidia Ouattara, Yacouba Toloba, Bassirou Diarra, Seydou Doumbia, Babafemi Taiwo, Jane L. Holl, Robert L. Murphy, Souleymane Diallo, Sally M. McFall, Mamoudou Maiga
Summary: This study evaluated a new Multiplex MTB/NTM assay that can differentiate between MTBC and NTM with high sensitivity and specificity. The assay showed 100% detection rate for MAC at 5 CFUs and demonstrated better specificity than Xpert, enhancing discrimination between TB and NTM infections.
Review
Ophthalmology
Bjorn Kaijun Betzler, Vishali Gupta, Rupesh Agrawal
Summary: Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is an extrapulmonary mycobacterial infection with varying incidence and manifestations. Despite gaining recognition, it remains difficult to detect and treat. Efforts to standardize approaches to OTB globally could lead to quicker and more effective care.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Kalinina, Maria Novichkova
Summary: S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation are reversible post-translational modifications on the cysteine thiol groups of proteins, important for regulating protein functional activity and cellular processes. The connection and switch functions between these modifications are performed by GSNO, dependent on factors like GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio, and cellular redox state. Trx family enzymes play a crucial role in regulating these processes, with their activity determined by cellular redox status and GSH/GSSG ratio.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patricia P. Adriani, Fernanda C. R. de Paiva, Gabriel S. de Oliveira, Amanda C. Leite, Adriana S. Sanches, Adriana Rios Lopes, Marcio V. B. Dias, Felipe S. Chambergo
Summary: The study characterized the functional and structural features of a glutathione peroxidase (GPx) identified in Trichoderma reesei, demonstrating that TrGPx is a thioredoxin peroxidase with better hydrolysis activity towards H2O2 than t-BOOH. Additionally, TrGPx showed optimal pH range and half-life at 80 degrees Celsius.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saurabh Garg, Rakesh Kumar, Dennis Kunimoto, Gina R. Rayat
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of compounds 1-3 as anti-TB agents and found that compound 3 showed the strongest inhibitory effect against M. tuberculosis and M. avium. When combined with isoniazid or rifampicin, compounds 1-3 exhibited additive to synergistic interactions. Additionally, they also demonstrated synergistic effects when combined with certain other anti-TB drugs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Judong Kim, S. M. Touhidul Islam, Fei Qiao, Avtar K. Singh, Mushfiquddin Khan, Jeseong Won, Inderjit Singh
Summary: The research shows that regulating the cytokines released by B cells can protect against neuroinflammatory diseases like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Using GSNO and GSNOR inhibitor N6022 can modulate IL-10 and IL-6, offering potential in treating autoimmune disorders.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zijie Luo, Yingzhu Zhou, Tao Yang, Yuan Gao, Priyank Kumar, Rona Chandrawati
Summary: Ceria nanoparticles can induce the generation of nitric oxide in addition to scavenging it. This study demonstrates that ceria nanoparticles catalytically decompose S-nitrosoglutathione to produce nitric oxide, with a high release recovery rate and maintained crystalline structure. The newly discovered capability of ceria nanoparticles to generate nitric oxide from GSNO overturns the conventional concept of their role solely as NO-scavenging agents, and shows potential therapeutic effects in cancer cell suppression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Debaprasad Koner, Niharika Nag, Parismita Kalita, Aditya K. Padhi, Timir Tripathi, Nirmalendu Saha
Summary: The presence of thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) in the facultative air-breathing catfish, Clarias magur, was identified for the first time. The TGR enzyme showed both TrxR and GR activities, contributing to the maintenance of redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense under oxidative stress induced by environmental stressors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its relationship to fish TrxRs and distant relation to platyhelminth parasites TGRs. The characterization of C. magur TGR provides insights into its unique adaptation to environmental challenges.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicholas Banahene, Dana M. Gepford, Kyle J. Biegas, Daniel H. Swanson, Yen-Pang Hsu, Brennan A. Murphy, Zachary E. Taylor, Irene Lepori, M. Sloan Siegrist, Andres Obregon-Henao, Michael S. Van Nieuwenhze, Benjamin M. Swarts
Summary: This study presents a trehalose-based fluorogenic probe, RMR-Tre, which exploits the enzymes and environment of the mycobacterial outer membrane to achieve fluorescence activation. RMR-Tre enables fast, no-wash, low-background fluorescence detection of live mycobacteria. Compared to existing probes, RMR-Tre exhibits a 100-fold enhancement in M. tuberculosis labeling and has the potential for TB diagnostic tool.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Adrian Richter, Tirosh Shapira, Yossef Av-Gay
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Henok A. Sahile, Celine Rens, Tirosh Shapira, Raymond J. Andersen, Yossef Av-Gay
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Abraham L. Moure, Gagandeep Narula, Flavia Sorrentino, Adama Bojang, Clement K. M. Tsui, Carine Sao Emani, Esther Porras-De Francisco, Beatriz Diaz, Maria Jose Rebollo-Lopez, Pedro Alfonso Torres-Gomez, Eva Maria Lopez-Roman, Isabel Camino, Patricia Casado Castro, Laura Guijarro Lopez, Faprimetima Ortega, Lluis Ballell, David Barros-Aguirre, Modesto Remuinan Blanco, Yossef Av-Gay
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Tirosh Shapira, Leah Rankine-Wilson, Joseph D. Chao, Virginia Pichler, Celine Rens, Tom Pfeifer, Yossef Av-Gay
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Aaron J. Moulson, Yossef Av-Gay
Summary: The century-old BCG vaccine has gained renewed interest for its ability to protect against various non-TB pathogens, with potential for use as an immunotherapeutic agent for autoimmune, allergic, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases as well as a preventive measure against infections. Particularly noteworthy is its proposed use in countering the rise of autoimmune and allergic conditions, as well as its potential in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 until a specific vaccine is developed.
Review
Microbiology
Celine Rens, Joseph D. Chao, Danielle L. Sexton, Elitza Tocheva, Yossef Av-Gay
Summary: PDIMs are complex lipids found in the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that play a key role in the pathogenesis of the bacterium, particularly in bacterial virulence and in association with the ESX-1 secretion system. However, the mechanisms by which PDIMs help M. tuberculosis to control macrophage phagocytosis, inhibit phagosome acidification and modulate host innate immunity are still not fully understood.
Review
Microbiology
Leah Isobella Rankine-Wilson, Tirosh Shapira, Carine Sao Emani, Yossef Av-Gay
Summary: Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a serious disease that requires lengthy and complicated treatment. Understanding the physiological mechanisms of Mtb can lead to the development of more effective drug therapies.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Yossef Av-Gay, Giorgia Mori, Maria Rosalia Pasca
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Celine Rens, Tirosh Shapira, Sandra Pena-Diaz, Joseph D. Chao, Tom Pfeifer, Yossef Av-Gay
Summary: The authors developed AUTOptosis, a cost-effective and rapid apoptosis monitoring method based on quantifying nuclei intensity via staining with Hoechst 33342. They calibrated the method with standard apoptosis inducers in multiple cell lines, validated its applicability for high-content screening using a compound library, and demonstrated its specificity by detecting apoptosis triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. AUTOptosis method involves morphological analysis of nuclear condensation during caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, where Hoechst-stained nuclei appear brighter during apoptosis and fade during necrosis, providing an apoptosis index for comparing test and control conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Adrian Richter, Gagandeep Narula, Ines Rudolph, Ruediger W. Seidel, Christoph Wagner, Yossef Av-Gay, Peter Imming
Summary: 8-Nitrobenzothiazinones (BTZs) are a promising class of antimycobacterial agents currently being investigated in clinical trials. A new synthetic pathway has been established to synthesize various analogues of BTZs, allowing the replacement of the sulphur atom by oxygen or nitrogen. A total of 36 analogues were synthesized and tested for their potential activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in in vitro assays.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Henok A. Sahile, David E. Williams, Nicole J. de Voogd, Mary Ko, Raymond J. Andersen, Yossef Av-Gay
Summary: Screening and isolation of marine derived crude natural products led to the discovery of 10 hits with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Among them, lissoclinotoxin F (1) showed the highest potency and selectivity, and could be a potential lead compound for the development of new TB drugs.
JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clement K. M. Tsui, Flavia Sorrentino, Gagandeep Narula, Alfonso Mendoza-Losana, Ruben Gonzalez del Rio, Esther Perez Herran, Abraham Lopez, Adama Bojang, Xingji Zheng, Modesto Jesus Remuinan-Blanco, Yossef Av-Gay
Summary: Through chemical-genetic characterization and whole genome sequencing analysis, novel drug targets and drug resistance genes associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) intracellular growth were identified. The exploration of Mtb chemical mutant genomes could aid in novel drug discovery and the understanding of tuberculosis treatment mechanisms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miguel Dario Prieto, Jiah Jang, Alessandro N. Franciosi, Yossef Av-Gay, Horacio Bach, Scott J. Tebbutt, Bradley S. Quon
Summary: This study found that patients with cystic fibrosis who develop non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) exhibit enhanced innate immune responses, which is different from the non-cystic fibrosis population.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tirosh Shapira, Selvarani Vimalanathan, Celine Rens, Virginia Pichler, Sandra Pena-Diaz, Grace Jordana, William Rees, Dirk F. H. Winkler, Iqbal Sarai, Theodore Steiner, Francois Jean, Steven Pelech, Yossef Av-Gay
Summary: GSK3 beta inhibitors have shown broad-spectrum anti-coronaviridae activity, including against SARS-CoV-2, with low toxicity to host cells. A lead compound, T-1686568, exhibited dose-dependent activity against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E and showed efficacy in viral-infected cells and organoids. GSK3 beta and PKCa can phosphorylate the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, inhibiting its translation.
MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosanne Persaud, Sheena C. Li, Joseph D. Chao, Roberto Forestieri, Elizabeth Donohue, Aruna D. Balgi, Xingji Zheng, Jesse T. Chao, Yoko Yashiroda, Mami Yoshimura, Christopher J. R. Loewen, Anne-Claude Gingras, Charles Boone, Yossef Av-Gay, Michel Roberge, Raymond J. Andersen
Summary: A study found that the marine natural product clionamines can activate autophagy and inhibit the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. Pik1 was identified as the target protein of clionamines using a yeast chemical-genetics approach. Further research revealed that PI4KB is an unexploited molecular target that, when knocked down, can inhibit the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages.
CELL CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
