Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roisin Ni Dhonnabhain, Qiao Xiao, Dervla O'Malley
Summary: Functional bowel disorders like IBS are multifactorial conditions that significantly impact individuals' quality of life. Gut-brain communication, bile acid modulation, and alterations in microbial profiles could be key factors in the pathophysiology of IBS symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Guillaume Dejean, Heloise Tudela, Lisa Bruno, Deborah Kissi, Georges Rawadi, Sandrine P. Claus
Summary: Christensenella minuta, a key member of the gut microbiome, was found to have a novel strain (strain DSM33407) that enhances microbiota diversity and stimulates deconjugation of primary bile acids. A protein carrying potent BSH activity was identified and cloned from the genome of C. minuta, showing preference for deconjugating glycine-conjugated bile acids. The phylogenetic tree of BSH-related enzymes in the human microbiome revealed that C. minuta's BSH sequence is distinct from others with a threshold of 70% identity.
Article
Microbiology
Hiroyuki Kusada, Kana Morinaga, Hideyuki Tamaki
Summary: This study demonstrated that Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131(T) possesses bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity and bile salt resistance capability, highlighting its importance as a probiotic strain.
Review
Microbiology
Jack W. Daly, Stephen J. Keely, Cormac G. M. Gahan
Summary: BSH and PVA enzymes, both classified as choloylglycine hydrolases (CGH), have the ability to modulate the bile acid pool, influence bile acid signaling events, and impact cholesterol homeostasis. The similarities between these enzymes suggest common evolution and shared mechanisms for substrate binding, which can be compared through analysis of distribution, phylogeny, and biochemistry. The development of new annotation approaches based on functional enzyme analyses and the potential implications of BSH enzymes for host health are also discussed.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jimmy G. Hernandez-Gomez, Argelia Lopez-Bonilla, Gabriela Trejo-Tapia, Sandra V. Avila-Reyes, Antonio R. Jimenez-Aparicio, Humberto Hernandez-Sanchez
Summary: The study evaluated the BSH activity in six probiotic strains, including five lactic acid bacteria and one probiotic yeast. Results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum DGIA1 and Saccharomyces boulardii exhibited excellent deconjugation activities against bile acids, with the yeast showing BSH activity for the first time. This finding highlights the potential of these probiotic strains in regulating cholesterol levels.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaowei Sun, Zhenhui Chen, Lu Yu, Weisen Zeng, Boyuan Sun, Hongying Fan, Yang Bai
Summary: This study found that Bacteroides dorei BDX-01 improved DSS-induced acute colitis by regulating intestinal BSH activity and the FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that BDX-01 is a promising probiotic for improving the management of ulcerative colitis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lauren E. E. Lynch, Amy B. B. Hair, Krishnakant G. G. Soni, Heeju Yang, Laura A. A. Gollins, Monica Narvaez-Rivas, Kenneth D. R. Setchell, Geoffrey A. A. Preidis
Summary: Cholestasis refers to impaired bile flow from the liver to the intestine. In neonates, cholestasis causes poor growth and may progress to liver failure and death. This study examined the development of the liver-gut-microbiome axis and the effects of cholestasis on this development in extremely preterm infants. The results showed that cholestasis interrupts the development of the secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathway and bile salt hydrolase genes, which are important for normal bile flow.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qiaoling Wang, Huibin Lin, Chongrong Shen, Minchun Zhang, Xingyu Wang, Miaomiao Yuan, Mingyang Yuan, Sheng Jia, Zhiwen Cao, Chao Wu, Banru Chen, Aibo Gao, Yufang Bi, Guang Ning, Weiqing Wang, Jiqiu Wang, Ruixin Liu
Summary: The gut microbiota regulates the release of postprandial GLP-1 through microbial metabolites, highlighting the essential interaction between gut microbiota and host in maintaining intestinal function and health.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Isabella J. McLoughlin, Eva M. Wright, John R. Tagg, Rohit Jain, John D. F. Hale
Summary: The skin, as the largest organ in the human body, plays a crucial role in our survival by supporting various functions. Dysbiosis in the microbial populations on the skin can lead to skin diseases, prompting research in medical dermatology and cosmetic industries on modulating the skin microbiome for better skin health.
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Kosuke Fujimoto, Daichi Miyaoka, Satoshi Uematsu
Summary: The intestinal microbiome, dominated by bacteria, plays an important role in diseases, while the intestinal viral microbiome has received less attention. This review explores the potential role of the intestinal viral microbiome in metabolic and autoimmune diseases.
INFLAMMATION AND REGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew H. Foley, Sarah O'Flaherty, Garrison Allen, Alissa J. Rivera, Allison K. Stewart, Rodolphe Barrangou, Casey M. Theriot
Summary: Primary bile acids are metabolized by indigenous bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, shaping host-microbiota interactions. Bacterial bile salt hydrolases cleave glycine or taurine from BAs, a crucial step for the production of secondary BAs. Lactobacilli harbor a diversity of BSHs, influencing their fitness and colonization in the gut, with enzymatic preferences and chemical features playing a role in determining toxicity during growth.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ping Jiang, Ge-hui Yuan, Bao-rong Jiang, Jing-yi Zhang, Yu-qian Wang, Hui-jie Lv, Zhan Zhang, Jia-lin Wu, Qian Wu, Lei Li
Summary: The study revealed that exposure to microplastics and tributyltin alone or in combination can cause liver inflammation, alter gut microbiota composition, and disrupt fecal bile acids profiles in mice. Additionally, these exposures can lead to hepatic cholestasis and changes in bile acid composition in the liver.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Snehal N. Chaudhari, David A. Harris, Hassan Aliakbarian, James N. Luo, Matthew T. Henke, Renuka Subramaniam, Ashley H. Vernon, Ali Tavakkoli, Eric G. Sheu, A. Sloan Devlin
Summary: After bariatric surgery, levels of the endogenous bile acid cholic acid-7-sulfate (CA7S) increase in the gastrointestinal tract of both mice and humans. CA7S acts as a G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5 agonist to increase glucose tolerance during insulin resistance. This agonist remains gut-restricted, minimizing off-target effects previously observed for TGR5 agonists absorbed into the circulation.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Guangqiang Wang, Huaning Yu, Xin Feng, Hongyu Tang, Zhiqiang Xiong, Yongjun Xia, Lianzhong Ai, Xin Song
Summary: This study explored the importance of different bsh genes in the bile salt resistance of L. plantarum AR113, revealing that bsh 1 and bsh 3 genes are critical for BSH activity and preferentially degrade glycine-conjugated bile salts. The results suggest that bsh 1 and bsh 3 are closely related to bile salt resistance, providing valuable insights for selecting strains with high tolerance to bile salts in a rational, high-throughput manner.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandra Pino, Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda, Amanda Vaccalluzzo, Rosamaria Roberta Sanfilippo, Maria Magdalena Coman, Raffaela Luisa Grimaldi, Cinzia Caggia, Cinzia Lucia Randazzo, Nunziatina Russo, Marco Marzio Panella, Antonio Cianci, Maria Cristina Verdenelli
Summary: This study aimed to assess the ability of the SYNBIO(R) probiotic combination, taken orally, to contribute to vaginal health. The results showed that daily oral intake of SYNBIO(R) probiotic capsules for 15 days significantly improved vaginal flora by increasing lactobacilli and decreasing enterococci, staphylococci, Gardnerella spp., and Candida spp. Additionally, the study found that SYNBIO(R) probiotic consumption had a significant improvement on symptoms such as leucorrhoea, itching, and vulvo-vaginal erythema/edema.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)