Article
Geography
Nina Bergan Holmelin
Summary: The Nepali Government is implementing policies for a radical agricultural transformation, but peasants prioritize subsistence production and regard cash crops only as a supplement. Complete agricultural commercialization may jeopardize household and community food security and weaken trust-based social mechanisms and traditions. Peasants' motivations for balancing subsistence and market production are multiple and deeply embedded in social and cultural structures.
JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES
(2021)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Adebayo Isaiah Ogunniyi, Samuel Opeyemi Omotoso, Kabir Kayode Salman, Abiodun Olusola Omotayo, Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju, Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
Summary: The study in Nigeria found that a certain percentage of maize farming households face food insecurity, which is influenced by factors such as output value, education, credit access, and participation in government safety net programs. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve land productivity, increase farmer awareness, and allocate sufficient government funds to improve the livelihood outcomes of farming households.
SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sayamol Charoenratana, Cholnapa Anukul, Peter M. Rosset
Summary: Northern Thailand is facing controversies over changing cropping patterns, particularly caused by the expansion of maize monocropping by peasant farmers. Various alternative development programs have been introduced to address illegal crops substitution and environmental issues. Different livelihood strategies can be pursued by peasant families, with food sovereignty and mixed strategies showing greater benefits but limited by land tenure security and community resource management.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Michael S. McMillen, Anthony A. Mahama, Julia Sibiya, Thomas Lubberstedt, Walter P. Suza
Summary: Drought is a significant constraint to agricultural productivity worldwide, and improving drought tolerance in maize is crucial for ensuring food security and helping farmers adapt to climate change. Collaboration in maize drought tolerance breeding projects in sub-Saharan Africa highlights the importance of public-private partnerships and the need to train the next generation of plant breeders and crop scientists.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maurice Osewe, Liu Aijun, Han Jiqin
Summary: The adoption of sustainable intensification practices, such as maize-legume intercropping and inorganic fertilizer usage, by maize farming households in Uganda has improved their livelihood and food security. The study highlights the importance of using multidimensional and all-inclusive technological evaluation methods to guide policymakers and scientists in achieving sustainable agricultural growth while working with marginalized farmers.
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Caroline Fadeke Ajilogba, Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Summary: With the increase in global population and environmental hazards, food security has become a pressing issue. Sustainable approaches such as the use of beneficial microbes and improved breeding of underutilized legumes can help address this problem. Genomics adaptation to crop improvement and the use of rhizobacteria from legumes like Bambara groundnut can play a vital role in improving crop yield and protection.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Naeem Sarwar, Naseem Abbas, Omer Farooq, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Waqar Hassan, Khuram Mubeen, Atique-ur Rehman, Muhammad Shehzad, Matlob Ahmad, Abdul Khaliq
Summary: Enhancing cereal crop production through integrated nutrient management (INM) is crucial for ensuring food security. A field study in Pakistan demonstrated that using 75% of NPK fertilizer along with biochar improved crop growth, yield, and nutrient uptake, resulting in higher system productivity and economic sustainability.
Article
Entomology
Kobia J. Makinya, John M. Wagacha, Judith A. Odhiambo, Paddy Likhayo, Kukom Edoh-Ognakossan, Tadele Tefera, Adebayo Abass, Christopher M. Mutungi
Summary: Limited knowledge of hygiene practices among extensionists, researchers, and farmers was found in a study assessing the role of hygiene in reducing food loss in farm stores. The study revealed that higher hygiene scores were associated with lower losses. Storing produce in bedrooms or living rooms was correlated with lower losses, while storing in kitchens was associated with higher losses. Strengthening education on hygiene practices and mechanisms for effective integrated pest management in farm stores is necessary based on the study findings.
JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hana Trollman, Sandeep Jagtap, Frank Trollman
Summary: Global food supply chains are not prepared for the increasing number and severity of environmental, social, and economic shocks in the coming years. The price-setting process of commodities is directly affected by these shocks, influencing consumer behavior in terms of food choice and consumption. However, there has been a lack of focus on utilizing consumer behavior to mitigate these shocks through reduced consumption and waste. The SAPPhIRE model was used to design sustainable and ecologically embedded futures derivatives that can impact commodity markets and mitigate food security shocks.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Pritha Datta, Bhagirath Behera, Dil Bahadur Rahut
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the potential of South Asian agroforestry systems as a viable agroecological approach for ensuring farmers' food security. A systematic literature review found that out of 95 reviewed studies, only nine focused on food security and none of them examined all four dimensions of food security simultaneously. Moreover, the majority of studies were skewed towards the Himalayan belt and lacked quantitative measurement, making it challenging to determine the significance of this field.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
(2024)
Article
Agronomy
Rosaine N. Yegbemey, Christelle M. Komlan Ahihou, Ifeoluwa Olorunnipa, Marwan Benali, Victor Afari-Sefa, Pepijn Schreinemachers
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted vegetable producers in north-western Nigeria, leading to challenges in accessing farm inputs and selling fresh produce. To cope with these challenges, farmers have reduced market-oriented production, increased self-consumption, added value through processing and explored new markets. Various socio-economic factors influence farmers' decisions in adopting coping strategies to sustain vegetable supplies in the face of the pandemic.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hengli Wang, Hong Liu, Danyang Wang
Summary: Agricultural insurance serves as an effective risk management mechanism for ensuring food security. Climate change has a negative impact on food security and production, and the promotion effect of agricultural insurance is influenced by factors such as technology investment and education. There are geographical variations in the contribution of agricultural insurance to food security.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pinki Mondal, Ruth DeFries, Jessica Clark, Nicole Flowerhill, Md Arif, Aurelie Harou, Shauna Downs, Jessica Fanzo
Summary: The study shows that multiple cropping in a small-scale agricultural system in India is associated with dietary diversity and food security. However, around 43% of the sample population experiences moderate to severe food insecurity in all seasons. Besides rice, other nutrient-rich foods such as tubers, fish, eggs, and meats are rarely consumed. Multiple cropping is only associated with higher food security during the monsoon, while selling monsoon crops is associated with winter food security.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Enoch Yeleliere, Philip Antwi-Agyei, Lawrence Guodaar
Summary: This study addresses the unknowns and uncertainties surrounding local adaptation to climate change among rainfed smallholder farmers in rural Ghana. The findings show that farmers employ multiple coping strategies and key adaptation interventions based on their lived experiences. The results have implications for building resilient agricultural systems and sustainable livelihoods.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jagdish K. Ladha, Ando M. Radanielson, Jessica Elaine Rutkoski, Roland J. Buresh, Achim Dobermann, Olivyn Angeles, Irish Lorraine B. Pabuayon, Christian Santos-Medellin, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Pauline Chivenge, Ajay Kohli
Summary: Intensive rice cropping systems account for a significant portion of irrigated rice production in Asia. While adjustments in management practices and regular cultivar replacements have sustained production levels over time, the systems have struggled to achieve further yield increases to meet global rice demand under changing climate conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laxmi Kant Sharma, Rajani Kant Verma
Summary: This study compares the effectiveness of different classification algorithms for AVIRIS-NG data in land use classification before and after minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation. The applied classifiers yield more accurate results after dimensionality reduction. The minimum distance classifier achieves the highest overall accuracy, while the Mahalanobis distance classifier performs well before MNF. The study also emphasizes the importance of dimensionality reduction for hyperspectral imagery.
GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shadi Yaghi, Adam de Havenon, Tristan Honda, Jason D. Hinman, Radoslav Raychev, Latisha K. Sharma, Song Kim, Edward Feldmann, Jose G. Romano, Shyam Prabhakaran, David S. Liebeskind
Summary: In patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis, perfusion delay of T max > 6 seconds is associated with prolonged length of hospital stay, while a delay of T max 4-6 seconds does not show significant association.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Song J. Kim, Shadi Yaghi, Tristan Honda, Fabien Scalzo, Jason D. Hinman, Radoslav Raychev, Latisha K. Sharma, Edward Feldmann, Jose G. Romano, Shyam Prabhakaran, David S. Liebeskind
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Allan Phan, Bryan Yoo, David S. Liebeskind, Latisha K. Sharma, Bahr Mersedeh Hosseini, Reza Jahan, Gary Duckwiler, Satoshi Tateshima, May Nour, Viktor Szeder, Geoffrey Colby, Jeffrey L. Saver
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Alok Raj, Laxmi Kant Sharma
Summary: Using remote sensing and machine learning approaches, this study assessed the land-use dynamics in the Aravalli range from 1975 to 2059, revealing a significant decrease in forest land and a future trend of conversion to settlement areas. These human interventions threaten ecological balance and hinder the progress towards Sustainable Development Goals.
EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Neuroimaging
Tetsuya Hashimoto, Takenobu Kunieda, Tristan Honda, Fabien Scalzo, Latisha K. Sharma, Jason D. Hinman, Neal M. Rao, May Nour, Mersedeh Bahr-Hosseini, Jeffrey L. Saver, Radoslav Raychev, David S. Liebeskind
Summary: The study found that the density difference between the proximal and distal segments of occlusive thrombi increased with thrombus length and decreased with thrombus age, suggesting a time/length-dependent thrombus heterogeneity that implies secondary thrombosis initially occurring on the proximal side of the occlusion.
NEURORADIOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Salman Farooq, Kristina Shkirkova, Pablo Villablanca, Nerses Sanossian, David S. Liebeskind, Sidney Starkman, Gilda Avila, Latisha Sharma, May Kim-Tenser, Suzie Gasparian, Marc Eckstein, Robin Conwit, Scott Hamilton, Jeffrey L. Saver
Summary: The US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) currently publicly reports hospital-quality, risk-adjusted mortality measure for ischemic stroke but not intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A study found a strong correlation between early NIHSS score and initial ICH volume, supporting the use of NIHSS in risk-adjusted mortality measures for intracerebral hemorrhage.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrew M. Naidech, Kristina Shkirkova, Juan Pablo Villablanca, Nerses Sanossian, David S. Liebeskind, Latisha Sharma, Mark Eckstein, Samuel Stratton, Robin Conwit, Scott Hamilton, Jeffrey L. Saver
Summary: In patients with acute stroke, intravenous magnesium sulfate did not reduce hematoma expansion or improve functional outcomes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anantbir S. Randhawa, Fatima Pariona-Vargas, Sidney Starkman, Nerses Sanossian, David S. Liebeskind, Gilda Avila, Samuel Stratton, Jeffrey Gornbein, Latisha Sharma, Lucas Restrepo-Jimenez, Miguel Valdes-Sueiras, May Kim-Tenser, Pablo Villablanca, Robin Conwit, Scott Hamilton, Jeffrey L. Saver
Summary: This study analyzed data of acute stroke patients who received treatment within the first half-hour of onset, showing that these patients had similar clinical features and outcomes compared to those treated later.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rajashree Naik, Laxmi Kant Sharma
Summary: Globally, saline lakes cover about 23% of the total area and 44% of the total volume. These lakes are at risk of desiccation or modification by 2025 due to factors such as agricultural diversion, illegal encroachment, pollution, and invasive species. India's largest saline lake, Sambhar, is currently experiencing a rapid shrinking rate of 4.23% per decade due to illegal saltpan encroachments. This study aims to analyze the trends of migratory birds and the monthly status of the wetland. The findings suggest that the lake is suitable for 97 species, but the decreasing trend of migratory birds and water level indicates a precarious status for its existence. Conservation measures are recommended, although the cost of restoration may exceed revenue generation.
WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Vartan Matossian, Sidney Starkman, Nerses Sanossian, Samuel Stratton, Marc Eckstein, Robin Conwit, David S. Liebeskind, Latisha Sharma, May-Kim Tenser, Jeffrey L. Saver
Summary: The objective of this study is to quantify the increase in brain-under-protection time that may be achieved with pre-hospital compared with the post-arrival start of neuroprotective therapy among patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. The study found that initiating a neuroprotective agent in the pre-hospital setting can provide an additional 72 minutes of brain protection time for patients with acute ischemic stroke.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shubham Kumar, Laxmi Kant Sharma
Summary: According to a report from UNICEF, South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on future generations. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the resilience of ecosystems to these changes. This study introduces a novel approach, the Combined Ecological Resiliency Indices Approach (CERIA), to evaluate the ecological resilience during hydroclimatic disturbances. Water and carbon use efficiency were used as indicators for assessing ecological resilience.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Mahima Kanwar Rathore, Laxmi Kant Sharma
Summary: SDMs have been increasingly popular in recent years, but their effectiveness in different ecosystems has not been fully evaluated. This review analyzes 739 published papers on the use of SDMs in ecological rejuvenation and conservation from 2002 to 2023. The analysis reveals that the United States has the most SDM implementations in conservation planning, followed by China and Australia. The Maxent model and the Forest area outperformed other contenders in terms of the number of published papers. The review also provides a framework for selecting the best SDM approach and supplemental techniques for better output in ecological conservation.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laxmi Kant Sharma, Pranjal Aarav, Shweta Sharma, Alok Raj
Summary: The utilization of natural resources globally has led to environmental deterioration and hindered the achievement of the SDGs. Evaluating the resource usage, transformation, and residue known as 'footprint' is crucial for the harmonious development of human nourishment and the balance of nature. This study analyzes India's Environmental Footprint (EF) per state from 2010 to 2020 and evaluates its biological, hydrological, energy, ecological, and pollution footprints, along with carrying capacity, environmental pressure, and deficit. The research provides valuable insights into resource consumption, waste generation, economic growth, and societal changes, enabling policymakers to redefine policies for a more sustainable future.
NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Laxmi Kant Sharma, Rajit Gupta, Naureen Fatima
Summary: This study assessed the susceptibility of forests to fire in India using machine learning algorithms and identified the best-suited algorithms for fire prediction. The results showed that north-east and central India, as well as the lower Himalayan regions, were highly susceptible to forest fires.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
(2022)