Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noushin Mohammadifard, Faezeh Moazeni, Fatemeh Azizian-Farsani, Mojgan Gharipour, Elham Khosravi, Ladan Sadeghian, Asieh Mansouri, Shahin Shirani, Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Summary: This study examined the effect of genetic variation in salt taste receptors on dietary salt intake and blood pressure in the Iranian population. It found that certain genotypes were associated with higher sodium consumption and diastolic blood pressure. These genetic variations may be related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk in this population.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sandy Van Hemelryck, Rani Wens, Hannelore van Poppel, Milou Luijks, Koosha Shahidi, Marcin Marczak, Ariane Kahnt, Rene Holm, Erik Mannaert, Peter Langguth
Summary: This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo drug release of bedaquiline from in situ forming gels containing different grades of PDLLA or PLGA, suggesting that PLGA or PDLLA-based ISGs have potential for sustained delivery of bedaquiline.
Article
Horticulture
Lei Du, Zicheng Zheng, Tingxuan Li, Yongdong Wang, Huagang Huang, Haiying Yu, Daihua Ye, Tao Liu, Xizhou Zhang
Summary: The planting of different tea varieties resulted in varying soil organic carbon mineralization and temperature sensitivity (Q10). CM217 soil had the highest mineralization amount, while FD soil had the highest carbon sequestration capacity.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Joeri van Engelen, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Joost R. Delsman, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink
Summary: Most river deltas are densely populated areas with intensive agriculture. The increased shortage of fresh surface water leads to increased groundwater pumping, resulting in sea water intrusion. Understanding the current distribution of fresh-salt groundwater is crucial for predicting the future of fresh groundwater resources in deltas, but uncertainties about these distributions and their drivers are significant.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Sun, Ying Zhou, Shuyi Jiang, Dan Zhao, Huamin Li, Yue Lu, Bing Ma, Bo Zhou
Summary: Low-sodium salt intervention can significantly lower blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients. Patients with higher ENaC genetic variation show a greater reduction in SBP in response to low-sodium salt intervention.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Dora Marin, Nestor Cardozo, Alejandro Escalona
Summary: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the geological factors that can impact the sealing capacity and integrity of underground storage caverns, focusing on the compositional variation of salt structures in the Norwegian North Sea. The results show that thick halite beds present an opportunity for underground storage, but challenges such as depth, heterogeneities, cap rock characteristics, and deformation in the salt structures need to be addressed.
Article
Polymer Science
Yinhui Li, Pengwei Li, Jingqiong Lu, Yansheng Zhao
Summary: The novel composite hydrogels exhibit sensitivity to environmental pH, external temperature, and ionic valence, with the addition of MCM-41 enhancing their network structure and drug loading and releasing capacity. The controlled salicylic acid release rates of the hydrogels in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids demonstrate their potential for targeted drug delivery applications.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiale Lou, Matthew Newman, Andrew Hoell
Summary: Using model-analog technique, we examined multi-year predictability of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) since the late 1800s and found that ENSO exhibited notably high values of both amplitude and skill towards the end of the 19th century, and again in recent decades.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Massimo Mella, Andrea Tagliabue, Gianluca Viscusi, Giuliana Gorrasi, Lorella Izzo
Summary: We investigated the impact of chemical and structural modifications on the drug release characteristics and provided explanations for our observations through calculations and simulations. PEGylation increased the release rate and amount of drug desorbed, while DMAEMA decreased the release rate and led to complete drug desorption under physiological conditions.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Matsuo Itoh
Summary: The study focused on the variations in morphology and salt spray tolerance among 22 populations of Setaria viridis in central Japan, identifying different ecotypes with varying adaptations to coastal habitats. Coastal plants with specific traits adapted to salt spray from the open sea, while inland plants were influenced by surrounding vegetation to survive in different environments. Conservation of specific habitats for coastal plants is essential for biodiversity preservation.
Article
Parasitology
Jane M. Kelley, Mark A. Stevenson, Vignesh Rathinasamy, Grant Rawlin, Travis Beddoe, Terry W. Spithill
Summary: The study investigated the variation in coproantigens and eggs release in faeces of naturally infected cows in a liver fluke endemic region in Victoria, Australia. It found that the sensitivity of diagnostic tests can be influenced by the timing of faecal sample collection, and both cELISA and LFEC were effective in identifying liver fluke infections causing production losses.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wei Cui, Jie Zhang, Jungang Yang
Summary: Based on satellite altimetry data and Argo profile data, this study investigated the vertical temperature and salinity structures of eddies in the Bay of Bengal. It found that the eddy activities and thermohaline structures in the bay exhibit seasonal variation. The temperature anomalies caused by eddies range from +/- 1 to +/- 3℃, while the salinity anomalies are small. The study also analyzed the heat and salt transport by eddies, which vary with seasons and are concentrated in eddy-rich regions.
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Ke Hu, Chen An, Xinglan Bai, Jian Su, Murilo A. Vaz
Summary: In this study, the machine learning algorithm in radial basis function (RBF) neural network and the deep learning algorithm in long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model were used to predict the variation of Chinese-lantern type submarine hose tension. The prediction performance of the two algorithms on the time-series variation of submarine hose tension was evaluated. The results showed that the LSTM neural network is suitable for predicting the variation of Chinese-lantern type submarine hose tension in CALM systems under different combinations of extreme sea states.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David E. Ehichioya, Gogonte H. Amah, Jamiu A. Akamo, Olusoga A. Sofola
Summary: This study examined the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure in subjects on a high salt diet. The results suggest that oral supplementation of calcium and Vitamin D may prevent a rise in blood pressure by reducing plasma sodium retention and increasing urine excretion in subjects on a high NaCl diet.
SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Luciana Martins, Marcos Tavares
Summary: The intraspecific variation of the gross morphology of the retractor muscle was studied in Parathyone braziliensis and Thyonidium seguroensis. Contrary to early expectations, anatomical evidence did not support the idea that the point of origin of the retractor muscle and the split of the muscle bands could be used as age-related or taxonomic characters to differentiate species.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kirsten J. Lees, Rebekka R. E. Artz, Myroslava Khomik, Joanna M. Clark, Jonathan Ritson, Mark H. Hancock, Neil R. Cowie, Tristan Quaife
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Simone Matias Reis, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Paulo S. Morandi, Fernando Elias, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Sophie Fauset, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, David Galbraith, Ted R. Feldpausch, Oliver L. Phillips
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Civil
G. Medici, P. Bajak, L. J. West, P. J. Chapman, S. A. Banwart
Summary: This study focuses on quantifying fluxes of DOC and nitrate in farmland, using the Transect Method to calculate mass fluxes in groundwater. The research found that localized contamination significantly impacts groundwater chemical concentrations and identified the vulnerable contamination zone. Future modeling efforts should target this shallow vulnerability zone and the Transect Method can be used to define boundary conditions.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher D. Philipson, Mark E. J. Cutler, Philip G. Brodrick, Gregory P. Asner, Doreen S. Boyd, Pedro Moura Costa, Joel Fiddes, Giles M. Foody, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Alicia Ledo, Philippa R. Lincoln, James A. Margrove, Roberta E. Martin, Sol Milne, Michelle A. Pinard, Glen Reynolds, Martijn Snoep, Hamzah Tangki, Yap Sau Wai, Charlotte E. Wheeler, David F. R. P. Burslem
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kirsten J. Lees, Myroslava Khomik, Tristan Quaife, Joanna M. Clark, Tim Hill, Daniela Klein, Jonathan Ritson, Rebekka R. E. Artz
Summary: The study evaluated the reliability of models based on Earth Observations for estimating ecosystem photosynthesis at different scales. Results showed that GPP measurements from remote sensing were robust at all scales, but the reliability of the models at different scales was dependent on the measurement methods used for calibration and validation. The effect of microtopography on GPP fluxes was found to be spatially and temporally inconsistent, though connected to water content and vegetation species.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Chris J. Chandler, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Doreen S. Boyd, Mark E. J. Cutler, Hugo Costa, Reuben Nilus, Giles M. Foody
Summary: This study effectively assessed liana infestation in aseasonal tropical forest using remote sensing, highlighting that a pixel-based classification was more effective in predicting liana infestation compared to an object-based approach. Differences in accuracy between object- and pixel-based classifications were not significant when liana infestation was grouped into three classes, indicating the potential usefulness of both methods for informing conservation and forest management efforts.
REMOTE SENSING IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. D. Evans, M. Peacock, A. J. Baird, R. R. E. Artz, A. Burden, N. Callaghan, P. J. Chapman, H. M. Cooper, M. Coyle, E. Craig, A. Cumming, S. Dixon, V. Gauci, R. P. Grayson, C. Helfter, C. M. Heppell, J. Holden, D. L. Jones, J. Kaduk, P. Levy, R. Matthews, N. P. McNamara, T. Misselbrook, S. Oakley, S. E. Page, M. Rayment, L. M. Ridley, K. M. Stanley, J. L. Williamson, F. Worrall, R. Morrison
Summary: This study shows that the depth of the water table is the main factor influencing greenhouse gas fluxes in peatlands. By lowering the water table depth by 10 cm, emissions of CO2 and CH4 can be reduced by the equivalent of at least 3 tonnes of CO2 per hectare per year, until the water table depth is less than 30 cm.
Article
Soil Science
Despina Berdeni, Anthony Turner, Richard P. Grayson, Joseph Llanos, Joseph Holden, Les G. Firbank, Martin G. Lappage, Sarah P. F. Hunt, Pippa J. Chapman, Mark E. Hodson, Thorunn Helgason, Penelope J. Watt, Jonathan R. Leake
Summary: Grass-clover leys can increase earthworm numbers, infiltration rates, macropore flow, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, and reduce compaction, resulting in improved wheat yields under flood and ambient conditions.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Pippa J. Chapman, Catherine S. Moody, T. Edward Turner, Rebecca McKenzie, Kerry J. Dinsmore, Andy J. Baird, Mike F. Billett, Roxane Andersen, Fraser Leith, Joseph Holden
Summary: This study compared the carbon concentrations in natural pools and restoration pools in three blanket peatlands in northern Scotland. The results showed that restoration pools had higher acidity and higher dissolved organic carbon concentrations compared to natural pools. Restoration pools also had a higher prevalence of fulvic acid and more aromatic dissolved organic carbon. Additionally, restoration pools had supersaturated levels of dissolved CO2, while natural pools had concentrations just above atmospheric levels.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Ashley D. C. Proctor, Kim Calders, Chris J. Chandler, Richard Field, Giles M. Foody, Sruthi M. Krishna Moorthy, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Catherine E. Waite, Doreen S. Boyd
Summary: This article reviews the application of remote sensing technology in studying the ecology of lianas. Lianas are important components of tropical ecosystems, but little is known about their distribution in forest canopies. Remote sensing technology can help overcome the limitations of traditional field methods and provide important insights into liana ecology.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Jose A. Medina-Vega, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Stefan A. Schnitzer
Summary: This study found that the presence of lianas in a forest can slow down forest thinning by reducing tree growth, rather than by altering tree recruitment or mortality. The results demonstrate that competition from other growth forms, such as lianas, can also impact the process of forest thinning, challenging the assumption that it is solely driven by tree-tree interactions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sofia Biffi, Pippa J. Chapman, Richard P. Grayson, Guy Ziv
Summary: This study quantifies the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate associated with planting hedgerows, showing that SOC stocks beneath hedgerows are significantly higher than in adjacent grassland fields. The research suggests that increasing hedgerow length can help offset agricultural CO2 emissions, but current planting rates funded by agri-environment schemes are too slow. Private-sector payments for ecosystem services initiatives are needed alongside agri-environment schemes to ensure hedgerow planting contributes to net-zero targets.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Catherine E. Waite, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Richard Field, David F. R. P. Burslem, James W. Dalling, Reuben Nilus, M. Elizabeth Rodriguez-Ronderos, Andrew R. Marshall, Doreen S. Boyd
Summary: This study examines liana distribution in Southeast Asian forests using advanced techniques such as drones. It finds that tree height and distance to canopy gaps are the most important predictors of liana load, contradicting findings in the Neotropics. These results highlight the need for more research on lianas in different biogeographic regions to better understand their impacts on tropical forest ecology and carbon storage.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Emily J. Guest, Lucy J. Palfreeman, Joseph Holden, Pippa J. Chapman, Les G. Firbank, Martin G. Lappage, Thorunn Helgason, Jonathan R. Leake
Summary: This study investigated the effects of converting arable land to ley on soil aggregation, carbon storage, and soil functioning. The results showed that the proportion of larger soil aggregates increased significantly after converting to ley, leading to higher concentrations of SOC and nitrogen within these aggregates. The accumulation rate of carbon in the large aggregates was three times higher compared to the overall soil. These findings highlight the importance of leys in improving soil quality and increasing soil organic carbon.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Joshua F. Dean, Michael F. Billett, T. Edward Turner, Mark H. Garnett, Roxane Andersen, Rebecca M. McKenzie, Kerry J. Dinsmore, Andy J. Baird, Pippa J. Chapman, Joseph Holden
Summary: Peatlands are globally important stores of soil carbon, and pools within peatlands have high concentrations of carbon, including greenhouse gases. Our study shows that the carbon in the pools is mostly derived from contemporary primary production, rather than from deep peat layers. Restoration pools are effective at preventing the release of deep, old carbon, but millennial-aged carbon can be emitted through CH4 ebullition.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
