Review
Immunology
Chen Dong
Summary: T lymphocytes play a key role in cellular immunity, with significant heterogeneity in CD4(+) T cells leading to the identification of various subsets with unique roles in immunity and pathology. Understanding cytokine regulation and function has provided innovative treatment options for many human diseases.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 39
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Vu N. Bach, Jane Ding, Miranda Yeung, Taylor Conrad, Hussain N. Odeh, Paige Cubberly, Christopher Figy, Han-Fei Ding, Robert Trumbly, Kam C. Yeung
Summary: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, and the regulation of its metastasis is not well understood. RKIP has been shown to suppress breast cancer metastasis by downregulating elements of the immune system. In addition to its negative regulation of the Raf signaling pathway, RKIP may exert its effects on cancer through modulating various signaling pathways, including those involved in immune response.
Article
Oncology
Feng-Shuang Yi, Kan Zhai, Huan-Zhong Shi
Summary: This review summarizes the composition, phenotypic characteristics, differentiation mechanisms, and recruitment of CD4(+) T cells in malignant pleural effusion (MPE), highlighting the interactions among different Th cells and their relationships with lung cancer cells or mesothelial cells. Future research should focus on expanding the landscape map of human MPE immune cells, exploring B cell immunoregulation, and investigating communication between macrophages and Th cells in MPE for advancements in diagnoses and therapeutics.
Review
Immunology
Ning Huang, Hao Dong, Yuqi Luo, Bin Shao
Summary: Periodontitis is a chronic disease driven by pathogens and inflammation, modulated by the immune system, particularly Th17 cells. Th17 cells play a key role in driving periodontal inflammation and their cytokines are major players in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Understanding regulators of Th17 cells is crucial for potential clinical interventions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Merari Goldstein, Eva Vallejos-Vidal, Valentina Wong-Benito, Felipe Barraza-Rojas, Lluis Tort, Felipe E. Reyes-Lopez, Monica Imarai
Summary: This study investigated the effects of artificial photoperiods on the leukocyte populations and T helper responses in rainbow trout. The results showed that photoperiod induced changes in head kidney leukocyte subsets and T cell gene expression. Different photoperiods led to unique immune signatures of antigenic response and impacted immune memory and protection against microorganisms in rainbow trout.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Damian A. Oyong, Jessica R. Loughland, Megan S. F. Soon, Jo-Anne Chan, Dean Andrew, Bruce D. Wines, P. Mark Hogarth, Stuart D. Olver, Alika D. Collinge, Antiopi Varelias, James G. Beeson, Enny Kenangalem, Ric N. Price, Nicholas M. Anstey, Gabriela Minigo, Michelle J. Boyle
Summary: The study found that during acute malaria, adults had higher levels of cTfh cell activation compared to children, with adults showing higher levels of parasite-specific cTfh cells and cTfh cells producing more Th2-Tfh associated cytokine IL-4. This higher Tfh cell activation in adults was associated with higher activation of B cells during infection and higher induction of antibodies after 7 and 28 days compared to children.
Review
Immunology
Amrita Basu, Ganesan Ramamoorthi, Gabriella Albert, Corey Gallen, Amber Beyer, Colin Snyder, Gary Koski, Mary L. Disis, Brian J. Czerniecki, Krithika Kodumudi
Summary: This review highlights the importance of T-H cells in cancer immunotherapy, discussing the regulation of different subtypes by various immune cells and the impact of contradictory signals on treatment outcomes. Understanding the complexities of CD4(+) T-H cells and balancing anti- vs pro-tumorigenic subtypes is crucial for designing effective immunotherapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jian Lu, Jing Wu, Xueli Xia, Huiyong Peng, Shengjun Wang
Summary: RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint and systemic inflammation, with Tfh cells playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease and affecting disease activity.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinlong Li, Yuanyuan Guo, Xiaoxu Duan, Bing Li
Summary: Inorganic arsenic induces immune tolerance in murine dendritic cells by down-regulating the expression of phenotypic molecules, pro-inflammatory factors, and T-lymphocyte cytokines. The immunosuppressive property of arsenic may be partially mediated by the HO-1 pathway, contributing to the development of infections and malignant diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jialei Gong, Qunxiong Zeng, Di Yu, Yong-Gang Duan
Summary: The immune privilege of the testes is crucial for normal spermatogenesis, but infection and inflammation can lead to male infertility. Different T cell subsets in the testes may play roles in maintaining immune tolerance and pathogenic immune responses in infection and inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jinyong Choi, Shane Crotty
Summary: Follicular helper T cells play essential roles in various immune functions, with Bcl6 serving as a central regulator in TFH biology and other TFs potentially contributing. Advances in understanding Bcl6-mediated gene regulation and TFH modulation by other TFs may have significant implications in deciphering relevant diseases.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Parasitology
Linh Tran, Ibrahim Radwan, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Soon Khai Low, Mohammad Rashidul Hashan, Mohammad Diaa Gomaa, Mohamed Abdelmongy, Abdullah Abdelaziz, Alaa Mohamed, Gehad Mohamed Tawfik, Shusaku Mizukami, Kenji Hirayama, Nguyen Tien Huy
Summary: This study found that Th2 and Th17 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17) were significantly elevated in dengue patients during the acute phase compared to the healthy control group, indicating their significant roles in the pathogenesis of dengue fever.
Review
Oncology
Yuwen Chen, Jianda Hu, Yingyu Chen
Summary: ITP is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of platelets, where an imbalance of platelet production and clearance is involved in its progression. Poor prognosis in patients may be associated with a novel Fc-independent platelet clearance pathway.
EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Wangxiao Bao, Yajun Lin, Zuobing Chen
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that immune-inflammatory processes play a key role in the physiopathological events associated with traumatic brain injury. TBI triggers T-cell-specific immunological changes involving different subsets of T-helper cells and cytokines, which can have contrasting effects on disease progression. Efforts are ongoing to identify specific T-helper cells and cytokine profiles associated with prognosis, which may serve as effective treatment targets to improve the management of TBI patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Weihang Luo, Jindong Hu, Weifang Xu, Jingcheng Dong
Summary: The immune response in the asthmatic respiratory tract is driven by CD4(+) T helper cells, especially Th2 cells. Asthma is a heterogeneous and progressive disease, with different stages of the disease course showing different immune responses. The complex immune networks in the inflammatory airway make it challenging to find a universal treatment for all asthmatics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Jacinta L. Simmons, Hannah M. Neuendorf, Glen M. Boyle
Summary: The inverse relationship between the transcription factor MITF and the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL has been found to play a role in therapy resistance in melanoma tumors. A population of cells within melanoma tumors with extremely high expression of AXL and negative/low expression of both MITF and the transcription factor BRN2 was identified. Depletion of both transcription factors from melanoma cell lines led to an increase in AXL expression, and re-expression of BRN2 resulted in decreased AXL expression, suggesting a role for BRN2 in regulating AXL levels independently of MITF.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Rachael C. Adams, Dylan Carter-Cusack, Samreen N. Shaikh, Genesis T. Llanes, Rebecca L. Johnston, Gregory Quaife-Ryan, Glen Boyle, Lambros T. Koufariotis, Andreas Moller, Bruce R. Blazar, Jana Vukovic, Kelli P. A. MacDonald
Summary: This study reveals the development mechanism of chronic GVHD in the CNS after stem cell transplantation, including neuroinflammation and abnormal gene expression. The study found that donor-derived macrophages play an important role in CNS cGVHD.
Article
Dermatology
Mitchell E. Fane, Yash Chhabra, Loredana Spoerri, Jacinta L. Simmons, Raquelle Ludwig, Elise Bonvin, Colin R. Goding, Richard A. Sturm, Glen M. Boyle, Nikolas K. Haass, Michael Piper, Aaron G. Smith
Summary: A reciprocal relationship between BRN2 and NOTCH1/2 signaling exists in melanoma cells, bolstering acquisition of invasiveness. Working through the epigenetic modulator EZH2, the BRN2-NOTCH1/2 axis is potentially a key mechanism by which the invasive phenotype is maintained.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Jessica G. Borger, Ashraful Haque
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Anne Ammerdorffer, Sara Rushwan, Rebecca Timms, Philip Wright, Leanne Beeson, Adam J. Devall, Kristie-Marie Mammoliti, Fadhlun M. Alwy Al-Beity, Hadiza Galadanci, G. Justus Hofmeyr, Mandisa Singata-Madliki, Zahida Qureshi, Pete Lambert, Ioannis D. Gallos, Arri Coomarasamy, A. Metin Guelmezoglu
Summary: The study aimed to assess the quality of oxytocin and tranexamic acid products for prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. While most tranexamic acid samples had adequate content, a concerning number of oxytocin samples were found to be substandard, indicating a need for further investigation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Giuseppina Chianese, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Chiara Maioli, Paul Reddell, Peter Parsons, Jason Cullen, Jenny Johns, Herlina Handoko, Glen Boyle, Giovanni Appendino, Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati, Simone Gaeta
Summary: The kernels of the Australian blushwood tree contain a high concentration of phorboids, which can be used to produce the anticancer drug tigilanol tiglate. Unlike croton oil, the oily matrix of the blushwood kernels mainly consists of free fatty acids. By active partitioning, a hidden tigliane fraction was recovered and characterized for the first time. The esterification profile of the epoxytigliane di- and triesters differs, and certain esters showed cytotoxic activity.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Mei Fong Ng, Jacinta L. Simmons, Glen M. Boyle
Summary: Tumour heterogeneity is a phenomenon in which cancer cells evolve diversely during the course of the disease, impacting the evolution and resistance to therapy of the tumour. As one of the most heterogeneous human cancers, melanoma plays an important role in disease progression and treatment response.
Article
Cell Biology
Lydia C. Powell, Jason K. Cullen, Glen M. Boyle, Tom De Ridder, Pei-Yi Yap, Wenya Xue, Carly J. Pierce, Manon F. Pritchard, Georgina E. Menzies, Muthanna Abdulkarim, Jennifer Y. M. Adams, Joana Stokniene, Lewis W. Francis, Mark Gumbleton, Jenny Johns, Katja E. Hill, Adam V. Jones, Peter G. Parsons, Paul Reddell, David W. Thomas
Summary: This study reports a non-antibiotic approach using naturally occurring and semisynthetic compounds to treat chronic skin wounds by modifying bacterial growth and inducing biofilm disruption. The compounds were found to stimulate immune responses and exhibit antimicrobial activity, leading to the resolution of infection and wound healing.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karina D. Hamilton, Daniel Czajkowski, Nicolas J. Kong, Trong D. Tran, Kirk R. Gustafson, Gary Pauly, Glen M. Boyle, Jacinta L. Simmons, Robert Steadman, Ryan Moseley, Peter R. Brooks, Steven M. Ogbourne, Fraser D. Russell
Summary: Bioactivity-guided fractionation was used to isolate two compounds, tomentosenol A (1) and torellianone A (2), from a cerumen extract from Tetragonula carbonaria. The anti-fibrotic activity of tomentosenol A (1) was examined using human cultured neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF) and immortalised keratinocytes (HaCaTs). Tomentosenol A (1) inhibited cell proliferation and prevented scratch wound repopulation, reduced cell viability, inhibited cell differentiation, collagen production, and acted as an effective scavenger of oxidant. These findings highlight the significant anti-fibrotic potential of tomentosenol A (1) derived from cerumen.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shao Lim, Annie R. A. McDougall, Maya Goldstein, Andrew Tuttle, Roxanne Hastie, Stephen Tong, Anne Ammerdorffer, Sara Rushwan, Christina Ricci, A. Metin Gulmezoglu, Joshua P. P. Vogel
Summary: The Accelerating Innovation for Mothers project created a new database of candidate medicines for fetal growth restriction. Through a comprehensive analysis, it identified l-arginine, aspirin, and vitamin D as promising preventive agents. However, the study found that new pharmacological agents for treating fetal growth restriction are unlikely to emerge in the near future based on the current pipeline.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Pete Lambert, Alessandra Tomazzini, Philip Wright, Claire McEvoy, Ioannis D. Gallos, Anne Ammerdorffer, Lester Chinery, Arri Coomarasamy, Ahmet Metin Guelmezoglu
Summary: The compatibility of oxytocin and tranexamic acid injection products when mixed was investigated. Results showed significant interaction between certain products, leading to a reduction in oxytocin concentration. This may compromise care in emergency situations, therefore, the mixing of oxytocin and tranexamic acid injection products with intravenous fluids should be avoided until the interaction and its implications are understood.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nedeljka Rosic, Mike Climstein, Glen M. M. Boyle, Duy Thanh Nguyen, Yunjiang Feng
Summary: Human skin needs additional protection from damaging ultraviolet radiation. Available sunscreens offer chemical protection to a certain extent, but synthetic sunscreens may not provide sufficient protection and can have negative effects on human skin and the environment. Therefore, finding photostable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable natural UV filters is important. This review investigates the damaging impact of UVR on human health, the necessity of using sunscreens for UV protection, and the potential of natural UV-absorbing products.
Article
Immunology
Sophia Hawas, Dimitrios Vagenas, Ashraful Haque, Makrina Totsika
Summary: This study directly observed host adaptive immune responses in bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs), and found that UTIs triggered increases in myeloid cells in the bladder and developed B cell immune responses in lymph nodes, which could potentially serve to control the infection.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Priscila O. de Lima, Natasa Broit, Johnson D. Huang, Jae H. Lim, Damien J. Gardiner, Ian S. Brown, Benedict J. Panizza, Glen M. Boyle, Fiona Simpson
Summary: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (cSCCHN) can metastasize by invading nerves and spread toward the central nervous system. This study describes a complementary whisker pad model for investigating drivers of perineural invasion (PNI) and spread (PNS) in the head and neck environment. The results demonstrate the utility of this model for studying tumor growth and PNI, as well as its potential for use in combination with the established sciatic nerve model.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chelsea L. Edwards, Susanna S. Ng, Fabian de Labastida Rivera, Dillon Corvino, Jessica A. Engel, Marcela Montes de Oca, Luzia Bukali, Teija C. M. Frame, Patrick T. Bunn, Shashi Bhushan Chauhan, Siddharth Sankar Singh, Yulin Wang, Jinrui Na, Fiona H. Amante, Jessica R. Loughland, Megan S. F. Soon, Nicola Waddell, Pamela Mukhopadhay, Lambros T. Koufariotis, Rebecca L. Johnston, Jason S. Lee, Rachel Kuns, Ping Zhang, Michelle J. Boyle, Geoffrey R. Hill, James S. McCarthy, Rajiv Kumar, Christian R. Engwerda
Summary: Control of malaria requires Th1 cells with IL-10 to mitigate inflammation, but IL-10+Tr1 cells can also promote parasite persistence or impair immunity. Molecular and phenotypic signatures distinguish IL-10-Th1 cells from IL-10+Tr1 cells in malaria-infected individuals and mice, and a conserved Tr1 cell signature is found in patients with malaria, dengue, and graft-versus-host disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)