Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David E. Barney, James R. Ippolito, Claire E. Berryman, Stephen R. Hennigar
Summary: Background: Declines in iron status are frequently reported in those who regularly engage in strenuous physical activity. A possible reason is increases in the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, which functions to inhibit dietary iron absorption and can be induced by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). The current study aimed to determine the impact of a prolonged bout of running on hepcidin and dietary iron absorption in trained female and male runners. Plasma hepcidin increased 51% after exercise compared with rest. Fractional iron absorption was reduced by 36% after exercise compared with rest. Exploratory analyses revealed that the increase in hepcidin with exercise may be driven by a response in males but not females. A prolonged bout of running increases hepcidin and decreases dietary iron absorption compared with rest in trained runners with low iron stores. The current study supports that IL-6 contributes to the increase in hepcidin with prolonged physical activity, although future studies should explore potential sex differences in the hepcidin response.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Callum G. Brownstein, Melanie Metra, Frederic Sabater Pastor, Robin Faricier, Guillaume Y. Millet
Summary: This study compared the effects of running and cycling on neuromuscular function. The results showed that despite similar reductions in knee extensor strength after both types of exercise, the mechanisms responsible for force loss differed. Running exercise was associated with greater impairments in nervous system function, particularly at the spinal level, while cycling exercise resulted in greater impairments in contractile function. This may be due to differences in the mechanical and metabolic demands imposed on the quadriceps during these two forms of exercise.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
S. E. Hamm, C. Yuan, L. F. McQueen, M. A. Wallace, H. Zhang, A. Arora, A. M. Garafalo, R. P. McMillan, M. W. Lawlor, M. J. Prom, E. M. Ott, J. Yan, A. K. Addington, C. A. Morris, J. P. Gonzalez, R. W. Grange
Summary: In this study, the effects of prolonged voluntary wheel running on muscle function were tested in mdx mice treated with different microdystrophin constructs. The results showed that both voluntary wheel running and gene therapy improved endurance capacity and muscle strength in mdx mice. However, the two microdystrophin constructs had different effects on metabolic enzyme activity and mitochondrial respiration in different muscles. Overall, this study highlights the importance of combining exercise and gene therapy for the treatment of muscular dystrophy.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David Jeker, Pascale Claveau, Mohamed El Fethi Abed, Thomas A. Deshayes, Claude Lajoie, Philippe Gendron, Martin D. Hoffman, Eric D. B. Goulet
Summary: The study compared the effects of programmed fluid intake and thirst-driven fluid intake on prolonged cycling performance and exercise associated muscle cramps. The results showed that programmed fluid intake can increase power output during a 20 km time-trial, but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of muscle cramps of the plantar flexors between the two drinking conditions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dimitrios I. Bourdas, Athanasios Souglis, Emmanouil D. Zacharakis, Nickos D. Geladas, Antonios K. Travlos
Summary: The meta-analysis found that ingesting CHO solutions during endurance exercise can delay fatigue, with the best effect seen when consuming a 6-8% CHO solution during the activity, particularly suitable for intermittent and 'stop and start' sports. The higher the subjects' cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level, the lower the relative effect.
Article
Sport Sciences
Everton C. do Carmo, Renato Barroso, Saulo Gil, Natalia R. da Silva, Romulo Bertuzzi, Carl Foster, Valmor Tricoli
Summary: The effects of plyometric training (PT) on pacing behavior were evaluated in this study. The results showed that PT improved drop jump performance and running economy, but did not directly affect pacing behavior, ratings of perceived exertion, or affective feelings during a 10-km time trial run.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Patrick Wahl, Christian Manunzio, Lukas Zwingmann, Stefan van de Weyer, Wilhelm Bloch
Summary: The study evaluated the accuracy of reverse lactate threshold (RLT) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) in determining running speed at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and 5 km running performance, showing excellent concordance with MLSS. RLT demonstrated exceptional agreement with both MLSS and 5000 m running performance, indicating potential superiority over common threshold concepts due to high accuracy and minimal intraindividual differences. Further research is needed to assess its sensitivity during training.
Article
Neurosciences
Saren H. Seeley, Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna, John J. B. Allen, Mary-Frances O'Connor
Summary: This study explores the relationship between prolonged grief symptoms and functional brain network connectivity, and finds that higher ICG scores are associated with lower connectivity. Additionally, intranasal oxytocin increases functional connectivity in a specific brain circuit, but ICG scores do not moderate the effects of oxytocin. In dynamic connectivity states, higher ICG scores are associated with longer time of positive correlations among default, frontoparietal, and cingulo-opercular networks. These findings provide preliminary evidence that prolonged grief symptoms in older adults are related to both static and time-varying functional network connectivity, specifically involving a default network-salience-related circuit sensitive to oxytocin.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Curtis S. Goss, Joel T. Greenshields, Chris L. Brammer, Kosuke Kojima, Brian Wright, Robert F. Chapman, Joel M. Stager
Summary: The study found significant individual variability in heart rate during swimming training, suggesting that coaches should consider individual differences when prescribing workout intensity, rather than rigidly using heart rate zones.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Brian Hanley, Athanassios Bissas, Stephane Merlino, Geoffrey T. Burns
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze key kinematic, spatiotemporal, and global mechanical characteristics in world-class middle-distance racing. Better-placed finishers in the 1500 m race had greater hip extension at initial contact and through late stance, greater knee excursion throughout stance, and longer overstriding distances. Step length did not change with faster speeds as runners relied on increasing step frequency, but the highest-finishing athletes had longer contact phases and greater fluctuations in speed through the step cycle, which were related to higher normalized peak horizontal forces. The best athletes also had lower leg stiffnesses and vertical stiffnesses, indicating a trade-off between aerobic energetic efficiency and anaerobic power capacity.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Rachel Tan, Matthew Black, Joseph Home, Jamie Blackwell, Ida Clark, Lee Wylie, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M. M. Jones
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of concurrent and independent administration of dietary nitrate and N-acetylcysteine on physiological responses during prolonged exercise and subsequent high-intensity exercise tolerance. The results showed that plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite were significantly increased in the group that ingested beetroot juice and N-acetylcysteine, and plasma cysteine levels were increased in the group that ingested N-acetylcysteine. Muscle excitability during prolonged cycling was better preserved in the group that ingested N-acetylcysteine compared to the other groups. However, there was no effect of supplementation on subsequent exercise tolerance.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Jorge Gutierrez-Hellin, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, Jaime Gonzalez-Garcia, Veronica Giraldez-Costas, Victor Perez-Garcia, Juan Del Coso
Summary: The study found that acute caffeine ingestion can increase the amount of fat oxidized during 1 hour of cycling at Fatmax, decrease carbohydrate oxidation, and reduce perception of fatigue. However, caffeine did not affect total energy expenditure or average heart rate.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Yoshiko Tsutsumi, Haruki Momma, Satoru Ebihara, Ryoichi Nagatomi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-menthol on endurance exercise capacity. The results showed that L-menthol administration can prolong running time and improve breathing comfort. Additionally, L-menthol can prevent the decrease in dyspnea threshold after running.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Andrew J. Johnson, Emily E. Schmitt, Jeffrey R. French, Evan C. Johnson
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between pacing strategy and performance during uphill and downhill running. The results suggest that energy distribution is associated with participants' race finish times, and overly aggressive uphill pacing may lead to worse performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Yun-Tsung Chen, Yao-Yi Hsieh, Jen-Yu Ho, Tung-Yi Lin, Jung-Charng Lin
Summary: This study investigated the effects of running training combined with blood flow restriction on cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength in endurance athletes. The results showed that the combination of running training with blood flow restriction led to significant improvements in maximal oxygen uptake and isokinetic knee extensor strength in endurance athletes, as well as increased leg muscle mass.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Christopher C. Webster, Jeroen Swart, Timothy D. Noakes, James A. Smith
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2018)
Editorial Material
Medical Laboratory Technology
Timothy David Noakes
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2018)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Timothy David Noakes
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2018)
Article
Sport Sciences
Candice J. Christie, Andrea Elliot, Lee Pote, Travis Steenekamp, Francois Billaut, Timothy D. Noakes
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2018)
Article
Sport Sciences
Andreas Venhorst, Dominic P. Micklewright, Timothy D. Noakes
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Arthur J. Siegel, Timothy D. Noakes
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2019)
Article
Sport Sciences
Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes, Henrique Bortolotti, Kell Grandjean da Costa, Brunno Machado de Campos, Gabriela K. Castanho, Rodrigo Hohl, Timothy Noakes, Li Li Min
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christopher C. Webster, Tamzyn E. Murphy, Kate M. Larmuth, Timothy D. Noakes, James A. Smith
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2019)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Timothy David Noakes
Summary: The introduction of the needle muscle biopsy technique in the 1960s revolutionized the study of muscle tissue in exercising humans. The role of muscle glycogen content and blood glucose concentration in fatigue during prolonged exercise is still a matter of debate.
Review
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Travis M. Noakes, David Bell, Timothy D. Noakes
Summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a public research agenda to address the issue of infodemics, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. They aim to flag illegitimate narratives and prevent the spread of misinformation that can have negative health and societal impacts. Researchers analyze the division of knowledge labor to understand the emergence of "post-truth" moments.
TD-THE JOURNAL FOR TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Habib Noorbhai, Timothy Noakes
BMJ OPEN SPORT & EXERCISE MEDICINE
(2019)
Article
Sport Sciences
Christian Froyd, Fernando G. Beltrami, Timothy D. Noakes
Article
Sport Sciences
Andreas Venhorst, Dominic Micklewright, Timothy D. Noakes
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2018)
Letter
Sport Sciences
Timothy David Noakes
BMJ OPEN SPORT & EXERCISE MEDICINE
(2018)
Review
Sport Sciences
Andreas Venhorst, Dominic Micklewright, Timothy D. Noakes
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2018)