Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Benedikt Sagl, Martina Schmid-Schwap, Eva Piehslinger, Xiaohui Rausch-Fan, Ian Stavness
Summary: This study investigated the impact of food bolus variables on mechanical TMJ loading, finding that smaller and softer food boluses lead to reduced TMJ loading. The results support current guidelines on bolus modifications and suggest potential guidelines for bolus positioning that could be validated in future clinical trials. This in silico investigation of dynamic chewing with detailed TMJ stress helps to enhance confidence in TMD self-management recommendations and may help in reducing pain levels for patients.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaofeng Zhang, Jianshe Chen, Sandip Panda, Ofir Benjamin
Summary: This article introduces a newly developed mastication simulator for in vitro oral mastication analysis. The device is capable of simulating chewing actions and analyzing the parameters such as temperature, conductivity, and pH during the mastication process. Feasibility tests with nuts and food gels have shown that the current design provides a feasible tool for studying the oral mastication process of food.
INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Lianzhong Cao, Youcai Guo, Xiong Li, Long Chen, Xin Wang, Tianyu Zhao
Summary: This study optimizes the ski attitude of ski jumping to improve flight performance. The angle of attack is found to dominate the optimal lift-to-drag ratio at different lift levels. The results suggest that athletes should focus on the angle of attack when modifying the ski attitude in flight.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ajeet Pratap Singh, Amit Kumar, Akshayveer, O. P. Singh
Summary: This study aims to improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar energy devices through design innovations, introducing a new component - bell-mount inlet - which significantly enhances the system's thermal performance and turbine power output, making the solar device more compact and efficient.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Dominic Oppen, Ashley K. Young, Hans-Peter Piepho, Jochen Weiss
Summary: This study investigates the impact of anisotropic structures, specifically the structure of meat fibers, on the dynamic process of mastication. The experimental methods used included deformation tests and mathematical modeling to track and visualize 3D jaw movements and muscle activities. The results show that particle size has a significant effect on jaw movements and muscle activities for both homogeneous and fibrous meat-based samples.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
M. Yousuf Salmasi, Selene Pirola, Sumesh Sasidharan, Serena M. Fisichella, Alberto Redaelli, Omar A. Jarral, Declan P. O'Regan, Aung Ye Oo, James E. Moore, Xiao Yun Xu, Thanos Athanasiou
Summary: The study found that elevated values of WSS in ATAA patients were associated with aortic wall degradation, indicating a potential relationship between WSS and the progression of ATAA disease. Further research may help in identifying threshold values to predict acute aortic events.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Mechanics
Mori Mani, Andrew J. Dorgan
Summary: In this review, the increasing use of computational fluid dynamics in the aerospace industry for designing and studying aircraft is discussed. The importance of geometry, turbulence models, numerical algorithms, mesh adaptation, and design optimization is highlighted. Challenges and suggestions for investment in each area are provided. The review concludes by envisioning a future where certification by analysis and model-based design are standard practices, and emphasizing the necessary steps to lead the industry in that direction.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rika Ebara, Shunichi Ishida, Taimei Miyagawa, Yohsuke Imai
Summary: The amplitude and frequency of peristaltic contractions have a significant impact on gastric mixing and emptying. Increasing or decreasing the amplitude affects mixing strength and emptying rate, with higher amplitude increasing the emptying rate and lower amplitude decreasing it. The emptying rate also increases with the peristaltic frequency. The closest contraction wave to the pylorus and subsequent waves promote gastric emptying. It is important to maintain these parameters within normal ranges for healthy gastric function.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Thomas P. John, Claudio P. Fonte, Adam Kowalski, Thomas L. Rodgers
Summary: In this study, an angular momentum balance combined with computational fluid dynamics was used to correlate the power, flow, and mixer geometry of down-pumping pitched blade turbine geometries. The models developed from the results allow the prediction of power from flow (or vice versa) for different geometries, and it was found that the choice of measurement method can affect the relationship between power, flow, and impeller geometry.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kirill Mikhaylov, Stelios Rigopoulos, George Papadakis
Summary: The study combines reduced order modeling and system identification to reconstruct the temporal evolution of large-scale vortical structures behind the blades of a Rushton impeller. The results demonstrate that even using the velocity time signal from a single sensor point, the first pair of modes can be reconstructed well. Increasing the number of sensor points improves accuracy and stability, leading to better reconstruction of the second pair of POD modes. The estimator derived at Reynolds number 600 shows robustness when applied to flows at Reynolds numbers 500 and 700.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Meir Teitel, Shay Ozer, Vered Mendelovich
Summary: This study presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of airflow, temperature, and humidity patterns in an insect-proof screenhouse. The results showed significant differences in airflow in the upper region of the screenhouse, with large-scale rotating airflow formed in the center. The leeward section was found to be warmer and have a lower humidity ratio compared to the windward section.
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Changyong Li, Jie Xiao, Xiao Dong Chen, Yan Jin
Summary: Through numerical simulation, it was found that there is a fast pathway near the lesser curvature of the stomach when water is emptied, but this pathway disappears when the gastric contents include food boluses with different properties. Muscle contractions enhance the mixing of light food boluses and water, while heavy food boluses are distributed in the bottom layer.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Yue Qiu, Zekun Jiang, Hui Sun, Qing Xia, Xinglong Liu, Jianguo Lei, Kang Li
Summary: Infection with COVID-19 can lead to severe respiratory complications, possibly due to increased airway resistance. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to calculate airway resistance and investigated its correlation with COVID-19 prognosis. Results showed that airway resistance at admission was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis compared to those with good prognosis and the baseline group. Additionally, airway resistance was significantly correlated with the degree of pneumonia infection in specific lung lobes. It is concluded that airway resistance at admission may be a useful index for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Alejandro Rico-Guevara, Kristiina J. Hurme, Margaret A. Rubega, David Cuban
Summary: The movement of hummingbird tongues is important for understanding their feeding behavior and ecology. Through camera observations, we found that the hummingbird bill is not simply a passive tool for collecting nectar, but rather a dynamic organ with a pattern of opening and closing. The tongue base plays a central role in fluid handling, and we described three complementary mechanisms to explain the nectar transport process.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Lin Zhang, Xiong Li, Xin Wang, Long Chen, Tianyu Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of a full-scale ski jumping ski using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods, establishes a relevant database, and discusses its association with ankle control skills.
Article
Mechanics
Paul W. Cleary, Simon M. Harrison, Matt D. Sinnott, Gerald G. Pereira, Mahesh Prakash, Raymond C. Z. Cohen, Murray Rudman, Nick Stokes
Summary: The SPH method demonstrates strong predictive capabilities in a variety of challenging fluid flow applications, including free surface hydrodynamics, fluid-structure interactions, and multiphase flows. It exhibits advantages in handling free surfaces, strong advection, high deformation levels, and intrinsic history tracking, making it well suited for these applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Paul W. Cleary, Rob D. Morrison
Summary: This paper presents a set of related methods for computational geometry analysis of a cone crusher, which provides geometric information to understand cone crusher flows and breakage with key geometric parameters. The algorithms can calculate geometric measures and demonstrate how systematic variation affects geometric measures. OSS and CSS vary almost linearly with cone height and eccentric angle, while choke area and CSS are independently controllable. Linear and area-based estimates can be used to bound likely breakage performance.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Paul W. Cleary, Matt D. Sinnott
Summary: The pressure distribution between the rolls in a HPGR is expected to vary significantly in the axial direction, potentially reducing equipment performance efficiency. However, experimental measurement of this axial pressure distribution and its consequences for breakage efficiency is challenging. Using DEM to predict the flow and breakage of particles within HPGR is a feasible solution.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nicolin Govender, Paul W. Cleary, Daniel N. Wilke, Johannes Khinast
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of particle shape on material behavior in screw conveyors, revealing that particle shape plays a crucial role in screw conveyors, especially at higher rotation speeds. Spheres and polyhedra exhibit similar bulk discharge rates at lower rotation speeds, but particle shape influences the packing structure and collision dynamics between particles.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
M. D. Sinnott, S. M. Harrison, P. W. Cleary
Summary: This article introduces a particle-based modeling approach to simulate various challenges in food processing operations, such as liquid and solid mixing, fragmentation of solids and liquids, and multiphase behavior. The approach combines Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) representations of continua and Discrete Element Model (DEM) representations of discrete components. Six example applications in food manufacturing are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the approach in addressing complex simulations, and the benefits of this particle-based modeling approach are discussed.
FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Dhairya R. Vyas, Sharen J. Cummins, Murray Rudman, Paul W. Cleary, Gary W. Delaney, Devang Khakhar
Summary: The study explores the use of frictional boundary conditions in modeling elastic collisions with Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), and introduces a new Collisional SPH method for accurate prediction of rebound kinematics and surface deformation. This method opens up new avenues for modeling collisional deformations and dynamics in granular systems using SPH.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sharen Cummins, Paul W. Cleary, Gary Delaney, Arden Phua, Matthew Sinnott, Dayalan Gunasegaram, Chris Davies
Summary: The new computational model combines DEM and SPH methods to simulate powder flow, melt pool dynamics, and microstructure evolution in powder bed fusion processes, providing a realistic tool for investigating the effects of process parameters on Ti-6Al-4V powder bed microstructure.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Vincent Lemiale, Carolyn Huston, Stuart Mead, David L. J. Alexander, Paul W. Cleary, Deepak Adhikary, Gary W. Delaney
Summary: This paper proposes a methodology for numerically assessing the impact of potential landslides, reducing the number of simulations required through statistical design of experiments. The most important factors influencing landslide extent were determined through a case study, with particle-particle friction coefficient and volume of failing material identified as key factors. A systematic analysis of varying the particle-particle friction coefficient was conducted to better understand the dynamics of collapses.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Simon M. Harrison, R. Chris Whitton, Susan M. Stover, Jennifer E. Symons, Paul W. Cleary
Summary: This study developed a 3D computational model to simulate the interaction between the equine hoof and racetrack surfaces. The model was validated and calibrated, and a sensitivity analysis revealed the significant effects of track surface parameters on mechanical response. The model accurately simulated hoof-ground interaction and provided insights into the relationship between track surface properties and limb loading in horses.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Dhairya R. Vyas, Sharen J. Cummins, Gary W. Delaney, Murray Rudman, Paul W. Cleary, Devang Khakhar
Summary: This paper presents an extended CollisionalSPH method for modeling elastoplastic collisions. The method is validated and the influence of deformation on history-dependent collision forces is analyzed, showing that deformation, especially with increasing magnitude, affects the contact-zone mechanics.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Xinying Liu, Simon M. Harrison, Paul W. Cleary, David F. Fletcher
Summary: Peristaltic flow plays a crucial role in biological processes such as digestion, making it an important component in stomach simulations. An analytical solution was identified to verify the simulations, providing an equation for net volumetric flow over a cycle with applied sinusoidal wall motion. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code and Ansys Fluent Finite Volume Method (FVM) solver demonstrated excellent agreement with the analytic solution and produced similar velocity fields within a range of occlusion ratios. The study also examined parameters influencing solution stability and accuracy. The validation of the SPH model's moving wall capability ensures its reliable use in stomach simulations with wall motion.
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Matheus S. Xavier, Charbel D. Tawk, Ali Zolfagharian, Joshua Pinskier, David Howard, Taylor Young, Jiewen Lai, Simon M. Harrison, Yuen K. Yong, Mahdi Bodaghi, Andrew J. Fleming
Summary: Soft robotics is a rapidly evolving field that utilizes highly deformable materials and bioinspired design principles. Pneumatic actuation is the dominant technology due to its low cost, fast response time, and easy implementation. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the development of soft pneumatic actuators and robots, highlighting recent advances and identifying future research directions.