Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhaowen Wang, Xiaojie Li, Lin Xiang, Yuhan Huang, Bing Lang, Xiaobei Cheng, Jie Zhang
Summary: This study compares the spray combustion characteristics of neat diesel, neat RP-3 and RP-3/diesel blends under different conditions. The results show that the blending ratio of RP-3 has significant effects on the spray and combustion processes. RP-3/diesel blends exhibit faster evaporation and lower soot emissions than neat diesel and RP-3 alone.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kang Pan, James Wallace
Summary: Different fuel injection strategies and glow plug shield design have significant impacts on emission characteristics in a direct-injection natural gas engine. Optimizing fuel injection strategies can reduce emission formation inside the glow plug shield and lower its contribution to final emissions.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Meisam Ahmadi Ghadikolaei, Pak Kin Wong, Chun Shun Cheung, Zhi Ning, Ka-Fu Yung, Jing Zhao, Nirmal Kumar Gali, Alireza Valipour Berenjestanaki
Summary: Research indicates that alcohol fuels can have a significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of particulate matter emitted from diesel engines, resulting in reductions in particle size, number, and mass, as well as changes in organic carbon and elemental carbon levels. Lower alcohols in blended mode have a stronger effect than higher alcohols in fumigation mode on reducing pollutants and improving particle properties.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Aleksandr Rudinskii
Summary: This study presents the results of firing tests on a liquid-propellant rocket engine using kerosene and gaseous oxygen as fuel components. Electromagnetic field oscillations of the ionized combustion products were recorded during the tests in the frequency range of 0.01-56 kHz. The study introduces a technique for secondary signal processing from an electromagnetic sensor to diagnose the combustion process in the engine. The analysis shows a linear relationship between the electromagnetic sensor signal and the combustion chamber pressure within a certain range of pressure variation. Spectral analysis of the sensor signal during fuel combustion reveals discrete frequencies that coincide with the acoustic vibrations in the combustion chamber.
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Zhang, Chonglin Song, Gang Lv, Fengrong Bi, Yuehan Qiao, Lin Wang, Xuyang Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the properties and oxidation of in-cylinder soot from a diesel engine fueled with n-heptane under simulated exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) conditions. It was found that EGR addition enhances the mass-based specific rate of soot oxidation, but reduces flame temperature and concentrations of O-2 and OH, leading to decreased soot surface oxidation rates. Additionally, the characterization of soot properties showed that EGR decreases structural ordering and results in the formation of more oxygenated and aliphatic C-H groups on the soot surface, favoring soot oxidation during combustion processes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Manish Kumar, Srinibas Karmakar, Cheng Tung Chong
Summary: The scientific community is currently researching new alternative fuels to meet the growing energy demand for domestic energy security, fuel supply diversity, and long-term fuel cost reduction. Alcohol-based fuels and acetone-butanol-ethanol mixture are potential candidates for clean combustion to drive gas turbine engines. However, suitable alternatives for micro gas turbine fuels are still in early stages of development.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ferenc Martinovic, Lidia Castoldi, Fabio Alessandro Deorsola
Summary: Reducing emissions from diesel vehicles presents a challenging scientific and technological task, requiring complex catalytic systems such as SCR and LNT for NOx reduction, and DPF filters for soot removal. Integrated technologies like LNT-SCR and SCR-on-Filter are proposed for simultaneous NOx and soot abatement, aiming to overcome the drawbacks of individual devices.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hongling Ju, Fanquan Bian, Mingrui Wei, Yi Zhang
Summary: In this study, insulating cotton was used to change the airflow temperature in the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine, and the morphologies and microstructures of soot particles collected at different positions were observed. The characteristic parameters, including primary particle diameter, aggregate radius of gyration, fractal dimension of soot particle, carbon layer spacing, and carbon layer torsion resistance, were analyzed. The results showed that after installing the cotton, the size of the soot particles increased and the fractal dimension increased. The increase in airflow temperature promoted the growth of primary soot particles and enhanced turbulence, resulting in a decrease in particle aggregation and an increase in fractal dimension.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chunlei Zhang, Di Yu, Chao Peng, Lanyi Wang, Xuehua Yu, Yuechang Wei, Jian Liu, Zhen Zhao
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of catalytic after-treatment exhaust technology in removing diesel soot particles, focusing on the preparation methods and applications of three-dimensional ordered macroporous catalysts. The latest research progress on the catalytic performance and mechanism of these catalysts for soot particle combustion is summarized, and the future development trends are proposed.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiali Zhu, Mengshuang Sheng, Jing Shang, Yu Kuang, Xiaodi Shi, Xinghua Qiu
Summary: This study reveals that atmospheric soot particles can act as potential photocatalysts by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible-light irradiation, which oxidize organic species on the soot surface. These findings provide insights into the photocatalytic role of soot and the importance of ROS in the photochemical self-oxidation of soot triggered by visible light.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaochen Wang, Wei-Hsin Chen, Yuhan Huang, Long Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Jianbing Gao
Summary: With the increasing market share of gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles, the high particulate emissions from GDI engines have become a growing concern due to their negative impacts on human health and the environment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the physical and chemical characteristics of GDI nanoparticles, including soot oxidation reactivity, morphology, nanostructure, surface chemistry, and chemical components. The review also discusses the differences between GDI and diesel nanoparticles and analyzes the effects of engine operating parameters and aftertreatments on GDI soot features. The conclusions and future research recommendations are also presented.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Zibin Yin, Shuqiang Liu, Dongli Tan, Zhiqing Zhang, Zihe Wang, Bo Wang
Summary: This paper reviews previous soot models and summarizes the most popular phenomenological models in recent years. Furthermore, it also summarizes the application of existing models in turbulent flame and diesel engine development, as well as the progress in carbon soot modeling for biodiesel, natural gas, and other new fuels.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Zhang, Chenyang Fan, Gang Lyu, Yunqiang Li, Ye Liu, Chenxi Wang, Chonglin Song
Summary: To reduce diesel soot emissions, it is important to understand the properties of soots generated from main-injection combustion and post-injection combustion. This study focused on the primary particle size, nanostructure, and mass of main-soot and post-soot during the combustion process. In-cylinder soot samples were obtained using a total cylinder sampling system, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to determine particle size and nanostructure. Post-soot was simulated by adding dimethyl ether to the intake gas. The results showed that the primary particle size of post-soot was smaller than that of main-soot, and both soots exhibited similar trends in nanostructure throughout the combustion process.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Han Wu, Xinyi Dong, Zhicheng Shi, Haiying Li, Weiren Cao, Lu Zhang, Yaqing Bo, Xiangrong Li
Summary: This study investigates the knock combustion and pollutant emission of heavy-duty diesel engines at low temperatures, focusing on different injection timings. The simulation results reveal that delayed fuel injection effectively alleviates issues such as fuel film adhesion and improves the uniformity and suitability of the premixed mixture. However, high-temperature ignition triggers strong pressure oscillation, exceeding the threshold for destructive knock combustion. Additionally, HC emissions are positively correlated with the amount of fuel film, while CO emissions show the opposite trend with injection timing. NOx emissions increase with advanced injection timing, while soot emissions decrease due to leaner mixture concentration and accelerated oxidation rate.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Zhongmin Ma, Taili Du, Shulin Duan, Hongfei Qu, Kai Wang, Hui Xing, Yongjiu Zou, Peiting Sun
Summary: The implementation of new emissions regulations in China requires a reassessment of emissions levels in newly built ships. This study conducted emissions bench tests on marine diesel engines using high-precision testing equipment. The results provide valuable data on emission factors and characteristics of marine diesel engines, contributing to research on ship emissions and understanding of the impact of waterway transportation.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Silvana Fiorito, Julie Russier, Adele Salemme, Marzia Soligo, Luigi Manni, Ewa Krasnowska, Sylvie Bonnamy, Emmanuel Flahaut, Annalucia Serafino, Giuseppina Ines Togna, Lionel N. J. L. Marlier, Anna Rita Togna
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
T. Da Ros, A. Ostric, F. Andreola, M. Filocamo, M. Pietrogrande, F. Corsolini, M. Stroppiano, S. Bruni, A. Serafino, S. Fiorito
Review
Biology
Ilaria Sciamanna, Annalucia Serafino, James A. Shapiro, Corrado Spadafora
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Oncology
Cristina Bellisai, Ilaria Sciamanna, Paola Rovella, Daniela Giovannini, Mirko Baranzini, Giusj Monia Pugliese, Mohammad Salik Zeya Ansari, Ciro Milite, Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Roberto Cirilli, Gianluca Sbardella, Pietro Pichierri, Daniela Trisciuoglio, Patrizia Lavia, Annalucia Serafino, Corrado Spadafora
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gianluca Sferrazza, Marco Corti, Federica Andreola, Daniela Giovannini, Giuseppe Nicotera, Manuela Zonfrillo, Massimo Serra, Sara Tengattini, Enrica Calleri, Gloria Brusotti, Pasquale Pierimarchi, Annalucia Serafino
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gianluca Sferrazza, Marco Corti, Gloria Brusotti, Pasquale Pierimarchi, Caterina Temporini, Annalucia Serafino, Enrica Calleri
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2020)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Annalucia Serafino, Daniela Giovannini, Simona Rossi, Mauro Cozzolino
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Simona Rossi, Valentina Rompietti, Ylenia Antonucci, Daniela Giovannini, Chiara Scopa, Silvia Scaricamazza, Raffaella Scardigli, Gianluca Cestra, Annalucia Serafino, Maria Teresa Carri, Nadia D'Ambrosi, Mauro Cozzolino
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2020)
Review
Allergy
Silvana Fiorito, Marzia Soligo, Yadong Gao, Ismail Ogulur, Cezmi A. Akdis, Sergio Bonini
Summary: Research suggests that the high incidence and increased mortality of COVID-19 in Northern Italy may be attributed to severe air pollution and disrupted epithelial barriers. The region's high levels of fine particulate matter contribute to increased susceptibility to the virus, while barrier dysfunction caused by air pollution can lead to chronic inflammation and impaired immune response. These factors also contribute to the higher prevalence of comorbidities and therefore increased mortality from COVID-19.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sabrina Romano, Flavio Di Giacinto, Aniello Primiano, Jacopo Gervasoni, Alberto Mazzini, Massimiliano Papi, Andrea Urbani, Annalucia Serafino, Marco De Spirito, Ewa K. Krasnowska, Gabriele Ciasca
Summary: FTIR spectroscopy is an effective method for studying the differences in cancer-derived EXOs from different cell phenotypes, providing possibilities for diagnosis. The spectral features of EXOs derived from different cell phenotypes in the infrared range can be used to monitor cell changes effectively.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Daniela Giovannini, Federica Andreola, Paola Spitalieri, Ewa Krystyna Krasnowska, Arianna Colini Baldeschi, Simona Rossi, Federica Sangiuolo, Mauro Cozzolino, Annalucia Serafino
Summary: Efforts to develop new therapies for Parkinson's disease have focused on improving symptomatic therapy and discovering potential causes of the disease, with dysregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling emerging as a promising therapeutic target. Recent research suggests that natriuretic peptides, particularly atrial natriuretic peptide, may provide neuroprotection for PD through modulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Allergy
Sergio Bonini, Silvana Fiorito
Letter
Allergy
Silvana Fiorito, Marzia Soligo, Yadong Gao, Ismail Ogulur, Cezmi A. Akdis, Sergio Bonini
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marzia Soligo, Fausto Maria Felsani, Tatiana Da Ros, Susanna Bosi, Elena Pellizzoni, Stefano Bruni, Jacopo Isopi, Massimo Marcaccio, Luigi Manni, Silvana Fiorito
Summary: The study investigated the distribution of two different types of carbon nanotubes in the brain after intranasal delivery, as well as their neuroprotective effects on nerve cells. The results showed that conductive MWCNTs were able to exert neuroprotective effects by modulating neurotrophic factors and potentially improving neurodegeneration-related gliosis.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giuseppe Nicotera, Gianluca Sferrazza, Annalucia Serafino, Pasquale Pierimarchi
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2019)