Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jorge Torrero, Tobias Morawietz, Daniel Garcia Sanchez, Dmitry Galyamin, Maria Retuerto, Vlad Martin-Diaconescu, Sergio Rojas, Jose Antonio Alonso, Aldo Saul Gago, Kaspar Andreas Friedrich
Summary: In this study, an anode with reduced iridium loading (0.2 mg) compared to commercial proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) (2-3 mg) was developed, demonstrating high performance and stability for over 1000 hours. An advanced catalyst based on an Ir mixed oxide (Sr2CaIrO6) was used, which has an unconventional structure that contributes to the reduction of iridium in the catalyst layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the reconfiguration of the ionomer in the catalyst layer, resulting in almost full coverage of the catalytic layer with ionomers.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuejiao Liu, Xixin Wang, Mengyao Yang, Ying Li, Yue Xiao, Jianling Zhao
Summary: In this research, Ru-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared and the effects of annealing temperature, Ru content, and test temperature on their electrocatalytic performances for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions were investigated. The results showed that the unannealed Ru-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays had superior activity for hydrogen evolution reaction, and the annealed arrays at 450 degrees C showed excellent activity for oxygen evolution reaction. The Ru content significantly affected the electrochemically active surface area and the charge transfer resistance. The optimal performance was achieved when the Ru content was 6%. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic activity of Ru-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays improved with increasing test temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniela Lopes, Nuno F. Santos, Jorge P. Moura, Antonio J. S. Fernandes, Florinda M. Costa, Andrei Kovalevsky
Summary: Efficient energy storage from intermittent renewables can rely on alkaline electrolysis for converting temporary energy excess into oxygen and green hydrogen. Electrodes made of laser-induced graphene (LIG) materials are promising for water splitting but require proper design and processing optimization. This study focuses on the effects of laser processing on LIG electrode performance in alkaline media and provides guidelines for hydrogen production by selecting suitable laser processing conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu-Qi Zhou, Lifu Zhang, Hong-Li Suo, Weibo Hua, Sylvio Indris, Yaojie Lei, Wei-Hong Lai, Yun-Xiao Wang, Zhenpeng Hu, Hua-Kun Liu, Shu-Lei Chou, Shi-Xue Dou
Summary: Vacancies on a surface can enhance catalytic activity for hydrogen and oxygen evolution by altering the local electronic structure. Tuning cobalt vacancies to form clusters can increase the d-band level, improve electronic conductivity, and enhance adsorption, leading to highly efficient and stable water splitting reactions with low overpotentials in both acidic and alkaline environments.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Sengeni Anantharaj, Suguru Noda
Summary: By designing innovative electrocatalysts and activating them in-situ, the gap between theoretical and practically achievable potentials in water electrolysis for hydrogen production can be minimized. However, this strategy faces challenges such as poor stability and creating a hostile environment in the electrolyte solution.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tsukasa Nagai, Zyun Siroma, Tomoki Akita, Tsutomu Ioroi
Summary: The development of a technique to measure electrochemical surface area (ECSA) is crucial for evaluating the activity and durability of Ir-based catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. Previous methods using mercury underpotential deposition (Hg-UPD) on Ir and IrOx have shown promise for ECSA evaluation, but reproducibility needs to be carefully evaluated due to the Hg(II)/Hg(I) redox reactions and differences in UPD potentials. In this study, the electrochemical behavior of an Ir electrode in a mercury nitrate solution was investigated, confirming the reversible adsorption and desorption of Hg adatoms on the Ir surface at potentials over 0.7V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode. These results contribute to the establishment of a reproducible method for ECSA calculations for Ir-based catalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kotesh Kumar Mandari, Namgyu Son, Misook Kang
Summary: This study presents an efficient and stable electrocatalyst based on a ternary nanocomposite of Ag3PO4, Bi2WO6, and TiO2 for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction in a 1 M KOH solution.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Hamid Reza Zamanizadeh, Svein Sunde, Bruno G. Pollet, Frode Seland
Summary: This study found that electrochemical activation of 316 stainless steel electrodes in high pH KOH electrolytes significantly improves their OER activity. The surface composition can be precisely controlled by adjusting the KOH concentration. By optimizing the surface composition, steel materials offer a cost-effective alternative to bulk nickel electrodes as OER electrodes in commercial AWE.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xiangping Min, Yan Shi, Zhuoxin Lu, Lisha Shen, Taiwo Oladapo Ogundipe, Pralhad Gupta, Chi Wang, Changqing Guo, Zhida Wang, Hongyi Tan, Sanjeevc Mukerjee, Changfeng Yan
Summary: The multistep synthesis method is introduced to fabricate high performance IrOx /W-TiO2 catalyst for noble metal reduction in PEM water electrolyzers. The performance of IrOx/W-TiO2 catalyst exceeds unsupported IrOx and commercial IrO2 in both half-cells and single-cells, achieving a cell voltage of 1.602V at 1 A cm(-2) with total noble metal loading less than 0.2 mg cm(-2). The improved durability and enhanced conductivity of the catalyst layer contribute to its superior performance.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ahmed M. Abdelrahim, Muhammad G. Abd El-Moghny, Mohamed E. El-Shakre, Mohamed S. El-Deab
Summary: In this study, a uniform and homogeneous distribution of NiFe LDH electrocatalyst was prepared on the surface of graphite felt to improve its hydrophilicity. The NiFe LDH/GF electrode showed excellent performance and stability for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline medium, making it a promising efficient anode for water electrolysis.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abdul Qayoom Mugheri, Muhammad Rafique Daudpoto, Mir Ghulam Hyder Talpur, Ola A. Abu Ali, Dalia Saleh
Summary: The global energy crisis has negatively impacted the global economy, leading to a search for promising new technologies. Water splitting is a sustainable and renewable energy source but requires active electrocatalysts. This study investigates the morphology of nanocomposite materials and finds that those containing Co3O4 exhibit excellent response in oxygen evolution reactions. This research is of significant importance for economic and societal needs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liyue Zhang, Qiucheng Xu, Yanjie Hu, Ling Chen, Hao Jiang
Summary: This study evaluates the pH-stability relationship of four typical metal oxides as anode catalysts in AEMWE and screens out suitable transition metal oxides as alternatives to noble metal catalysts for green hydrogen production.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Electrochemistry
Zhaozhao Wang, Licheng Lu
Summary: This study summarizes the reaction mechanisms of MnOx electrocatalysts in acidic mediums for the oxidation of water at an atomic level. The influences of the crystal facets of MnOx on acidic mediums are discussed theoretically and experimentally. Additionally, the practical applications of pure MnOx PEM-based water electrolysis and various Mn-based heterogeneous catalysts are reviewed.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pengfei Zhou, Songbo Chen, Haoyun Bai, Chunfa Liu, Jinxian Feng, Di Liu, Lulu Qiao, Shuangpeng Wang, Hui Pan
Summary: In this study, a simple spontaneous corrosion and cyclic voltammetry (CV) activation method was used to fabricate Zn-incorporated NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) on commercial NiFe foam, which showed excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhi Ying, Li Gao, Xiaoyuan Zheng, Binlin Dou, Guomin Cui
Summary: A non-noble metal electrocatalyst consisting of Ni2P-Fe2P bimetallic phosphide nanocages encapsulated in N/P-doped biochar is prepared and demonstrates excellent OER activity with high stability. The biochar-based transition metal electrocatalyst shows great potential for water electrolysis and hydrogen production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alessandro Paolini, Giulia Battafarano, Valentina D'Oria, Francesco Mura, Simona Sennato, Valentina Mussi, Roberta Risoluti, Stefano Materazzi, Andrea Del Fattore, Andrea Masotti
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Pozio, A. Aurora, P. P. Prosini
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Pozio, N. Lisi, L. Della Seta, S. Dolci, C. D'Angelo
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Silvano Tosti, Alfonso Pozio, Luca Farina, Marco Incelli, Alessia Santucci, David Alique
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniele Colognesi, Franz Demmel, Alessandra Filabozzi, Antonino Pietropaolo, Alfonso Pozio, Giovanni Romanelli, Alessia Santucci, Silvano Tosti
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Silvano Tosti, Luca Farina, Alfonso Pozio, Alessia Santucci, David Alique
Summary: The study shows that hydrogen extraction consists of various steps, mainly controlled by recombination of hydrogen atoms and their desorption from the gas-liquid interface. The use of MGLCs for effective extraction of hydrogen isotopes from liquid breeders is very promising.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alfonso Pozio, Francesco Bozza, Nicola Lisi, Francesco Mura
Summary: Nanostructured cobalt oxide anodes for alkaline membrane electrolysis cell were fabricated using electrophoretic deposition on AISI-316 sintered metal fiber substrate, showing improved catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction. The EPD method was found to be effective in enhancing the performance of steel anodes in alkaline membrane electrolyzers when compared to other materials such as platinum and cobalt.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alfredo Crialesi, Barbara Mazzarotta, Marco Santalucia, Fabrizio Di Caprio, Alfonso Pozio, Alessia Santucci, Luca Farina
Summary: This study proposes a process of converting organic compounds in olive mill wastewater (OMW) to valuable gaseous biofuel. Through membrane filtration and chemical reactions, a usable biofuel is obtained while greatly reducing the pollution load of wastewater.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Pozio, A. Aurora, L. Della Seta, A. Santucci, S. Tosti
Summary: The electrical resistivity of pure titanium was measured using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique under hydrogen and deuterium atmospheres at 100 kPa. The resistivity showed a linear trend with temperature for both hydrogen and deuterium, but with different magnitudes. The results were discussed in terms of the adsorption of hydrogen and deuterium onto the metal, and the difference in behavior between the two gases was attributed to interactions with titanium oxides present on the sample surface. Metal embrittlement was observed only in the presence of hydrogen.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alfonso Pozio, Mariasole Di Carli, Annalisa Aurora, Mauro Falconieri, Livia Della Seta, Pier Paolo Prosini
Summary: Activated hard carbons from waste biomasses were used as active materials for battery electrodes, showing good performance in lithium-sulfur and lithium-ion batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alfonso Pozio, Francesco Bozza, Nicola Lisi, Rosa Chierchia, Francesca Migliorini, Roberto Donde, Silvana De Iuliis
Summary: Nanostructured cobalt oxide powders were synthesized by flame spray synthesis and used as electro catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline membrane electrolysis cell. The prepared cobalt oxide powders were deposited on an AISI-316 sintered metal fiber to produce an anode using the electrophoretic deposition method. Characterization of the powders and composite electrode demonstrated an increase in catalytic activity compared to commercial materials commonly used in alkaline electrolysis, suggesting a promising approach for producing anodic catalysts for alkaline membrane electrolyzers.
Article
Archaeology
Lorenzo Nigro, Francesco Mura, Maria Pamela Toti, Angela Cirigliano, Teresa Rinaldi
Summary: This passage describes the discovery of the 'Motya Charioteer' marble statue and its microbial deterioration. The study found that bacterial strains capable of dissolving marble and causing degradation were mainly present in the damaged areas of the statue. Among them, a common component of human skin flora, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, demonstrated fast calcium carbonate dissolution, which was previously unreported for this species. Additionally, two bacterial strains suitable for bioconsolidation intervention on the sculpture were identified.
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Somayyeh Rakhshani, Rodolfo Araneo, Andrea Pucci, Antonio Rinaldi, Chiara Giuliani, Alfonso Pozio
Summary: Anion exchange membranes (AEM) are gaining attention as a low-cost solution for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, providing a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. This article presents the development of a composite AEM by activating a commercial support structure (Celgard (R) 3401) with a commercially available functional group (Fumion (R) FAA-3) through a phase-inversion process. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the phase-inversion procedure through FTIR and SEM analysis. The performance test of the membrane showed promising results, surpassing a commonly used commercial membrane in alkaline electrolysis (Fumasep), and a testing procedure for membrane performance evaluation during electrolysis was developed.
Article
Polymer Science
Ottavia Racchi, Rebecca Baldassari, Esteban Araya-Hermosilla, Virgilio Mattoli, Pierpaolo Minei, Alfonso Pozio, Andrea Pucci
Summary: In this study, efficient anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared by functionalizing an aliphatic polyketone with 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole through the Paal-Knorr reaction. The derived membranes showed good thermal stability, mechanical properties, and comparable ionic conductivity to a commercially available AEM. Future efforts will focus on increasing the robustness of these membranes to meet the requirements for electrolytic cell applications.
Article
Electrochemistry
Matteo Bonomo, Paolo Mariani, Francesco Mura, Aldo Di Carlo, Danilo Dini
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2019)
Article
Electrochemistry
Abdul Qayoom Mugheri, Shaista Khan, Ali Asghar Sangah, Aijaz Ahmed Bhutto, Muhammad Younis Laghari, Nadeem Ahmed Mugheri, Asif Ali Jamali, Arsalan Ahmed Mugheri, Nagji Sodho, Abdul Waheed Mastoi, Aftab Kandhro
Summary: Green hydrogen has the potential to transition to a pollution-free energy infrastructure. This study proposes a solution to produce hydrogen during the photoelectrochemical process, offering greater stability and control over chemical reactions. Techno-economic assessments show the efficiency and economic feasibility of co-producing value-added chemicals to enhance green hydrogen production.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Danpeng Cheng, Wuxin Sha, Qigao Han, Shun Tang, Jun Zhong, Jinqiao Du, Jie Tian, Yuan-Cheng Cao
Summary: LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) is a critical cathode material for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The aging of cathode/electrolyte interfaces leads to capacity degradation and long-term cycle instability. A novel neural network model called ACGNet is developed to predict electrochemical stability windows of crystals, allowing for high-throughput screening of coating materials. LiPO3 is identified as a promising coating material with high oxidation voltage and low cost, which significantly improves the cycle stability of NCM batteries. This study demonstrates the accuracy and potential of machine learning in battery materials.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
P. Mohana, R. Yuvakkumar, G. Ravi, S. Arunmetha
Summary: This study successfully fabricates a non-noble CuO/NiO/rGO nanocomposite and investigates its electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline environment. The experimental results demonstrate that the electrocatalyst exhibits high activity and good stability, offering a new synthetic approach for sustainable energy production.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Qiong Qu, Jing Guo, Hongyu Wang, Kai Zhang, Jingde Li
Summary: In this study, a bifunctional electrode host design consisting of carbon nanofibers implanted ordered porous Co-decorated Al2O3 supported on carbon nanotube film (CNTF) was proposed to address the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and dendrite formation of metal lithium anode in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The electrode exhibited excellent conductivity, efficient confinement of LiPSs, and catalytic conversion performance, resulting in high initial capacity and good capacity retention during cycling. As an anode, the electrode showed excellent Li+ diffusion performance and uniform lithium growth behavior, achieving a dendrite-free lithium electrode. The flexible pack cell assembled from these electrodes delivered a specific capacity of 972 mAh g(-1) with good capacity retention.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Hong Zhang, Jin-Peng Yu, Chen Chen, Cheng-Yong Shu, Guang-Yu Xu, Jie Ren, Kai Cui, Wen-Fang Cai, Yun-Hai Wang, Kun Guo
Summary: Spray coating of acetylene black nanoparticles onto stainless steel mesh can enhance its biofilm formation ability and current density, making it a promising electrode material for microbial electrochemical systems. The spray coating method is simple, cost-effective, and suitable for large-size stainless steel electrodes.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Binpeng Hou, Jingjin Chen, Li-Hong Zhang, Xiaowen Shi, Zizhong Zhu
Summary: The electrochemical performance of Li1.20Mn0.44Ni0.32Co0.04O2 and its oxygen-deficient phase Li1.20Mn0.44Ni0.32Co0.04O1.83 was studied through first-principles calculations. The results show that the oxygen-deficient phase has a higher theoretical capacity but lower voltage platform and higher chemical activity compared to the pristine phase.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Yating Du, Sayoko Shironita, Daisuke Asakura, Eiji Hosono, Yoshitsugu Sone, Yugo Miseki, Eiichi Kobayashi, Minoru Umeda
Summary: This study investigates the effect of high- and low-temperature environments on the charge-discharge performance of a Li-ion battery. The deterioration mechanisms of the battery at different temperatures are analyzed through various characterization techniques. The results indicate that the battery performance deteriorates more significantly at a low-temperature environment of 5 degrees C compared to higher temperatures. The understanding of the deterioration mechanisms can contribute to the development of safer battery usage methods.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Si-Si Shi, Zhi-Xiang Yuan, Fei Zhang, Ping Chen
Summary: In this study, a new nano-electrocatalyst was prepared, which exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of NO2- to ammonia in a neutral electrolyte, potentially due to the synergistic enhancement between Co3O4-x and Co.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Berna Dalkiran, Havva Bekirog
Summary: This study reports the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on ethylene glycol and urea as low-cost and green electrolytes for enhancing electrochemical detection of natural antioxidants. The study successfully developed a disposable and effective electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and gallic acid (GA) using NaOH nanorods on a pencil graphite electrode. The proposed electrode showed improved analytical performance, with higher peak currents and shifted oxidation potentials in DES compared to BR buffer medium.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Sijun Ren, Jianguo Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel bio-inspired nanofibrous WO3/carbon composite was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. The three-dimensional network structure of the composite alleviated the volume expansion of WO3 nanorods and enhanced the charge-transport kinetics. The optimized composite exhibited superior lithium storage properties.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Zhilong Zheng, Yu Chen, Hongxia Yin, Hengbo Xiao, Xiangji Zhou, Zhiwen Li, Ximin Li, Jin Chen, Songliu Yuan, Junjie Guo, Haibin Yu, Zhen Zhang, Lihua Qian
Summary: This study found that interstitial Zn cations in CoMoO4 can modulate the dissolution kinetics of Mo cations and improve the OER performance. The interstitial Zn cations can prevent the dissolution of Co cations at high potential, enhancing the durability of the catalyst.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xiaobo Lin, Shern R. Tee, Debra J. Searles, Peter T. Cummings
Summary: Molecular dynamics simulations using the constant potential method were used to investigate the charging dynamics and charge storage of supercapacitors. The simulations revealed that the water-in-salt electrolyte exhibited the highest charge storage and significantly higher capacitance on the negative electrode. The varying contributions of different electrode regions to supercapacitor performance were also demonstrated.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Wiktoria Lipinska, Vita Saska, Katarzyna Siuzdak, Jakub Karczewski, Karol Zaleski, Emerson Coy, Anne de Poulpiquet, Ievgen Mazurenko, Elisabeth Lojou
Summary: The spatial distribution of enzymes on electrodes is important for bioelectrocatalysis. In this study, controlled spatial distribution of gold nanoparticles on Ti nanodimples was achieved. The efficiency of enzymatic O2 reduction was found to be influenced by the size of the gold nanoparticles and their colocalization with TiO2. The highest stability of enzymatic current was observed with the largest gold nanoparticles.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Tariq M. Al-Hejri, Zeenat A. Shaikh, Ahmed H. Al-Naggar, Siddheshwar D. Raut, Tabassum Siddiqui, Hamdan M. Danamah, Vijaykumar V. Jadhav, Abdullah M. Al-Enizi, Rajaram S. Mane
Summary: This study explores a promising self-growth approach for the synthesis of nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanosponge-balls on the surface of a nickel-foam (NiF) electrode. The modified NiF electrode, named Ni(OH)2@NiF, shows distinctive nanosponge-ball morphology and demonstrates excellent energy storage capability and electrocatalytic performance in both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Rafael Del Olmo, Gregorio Guzman-Gonzalez, Oihane Sanz, Maria Forsyth, Nerea Casado
Summary: The use of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly extensive, and it is important to optimize the devices to achieve their maximum practical specific capacity. In this study, mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) binders based on PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT: PDADMA-TFSI were developed for Li-ion cathodes, and their performance was compared with conventional formulations. The influence of electrode formulations, including the addition of conducting carbon and an Organic Ionic Plastic Cristal (OIPC), was also analyzed. The proposed binders showed improved performance compared to conventional formulations with different electrolyte types and active materials.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2024)
