Review
Neurosciences
Yashvi Bhatt, David M. Hunt, Livia S. Carvalho
Summary: The electroretinogram (ERG) measures the electrical activity of retinal neurons and glial cells in response to a light stimulus. It is used by clinicians to diagnose various eye diseases and assess overall retinal health. The ERG consists of scotopic and photopic systems, with the a-wave and b-wave as the main components. The origins of the b-wave, a slower, positive, and prolonged wave, remain elusive.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mirella Telles Salgueiro Barboni, Andre Mauricio Passos Liber, Anneka Joachimsthaler, Amel Saoudi, Aurelie Goyenvalle, Alvaro Rendon, Jerome E. Roger, Dora Fix Ventura, Jan Kremers, Cyrille Vaillend
Summary: The mdx52 mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy lacks exon 52 of the DMD gene, which leads to the loss of certain dystrophin proteins and visual abnormalities. In this study, mdx52 mice showed reduced amplitudes and delayed implicit times in their ERG responses, as well as diminished responses to various stimuli in both dark-adapted and light-adapted conditions. Their contrast sensitivity was also significantly reduced at 50% contrast. These findings suggest that the mdx52 mouse model may be useful for studying retinal dystrophins and related preclinical studies on DMD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Katelyne Tursini, Steven Le Cam, Raymund Schwan, Gregory Gross, Karine Angioi-Duprez, Jean-Baptiste Conart, Irving Remy, Florent Bernardin, Vincent Laprevote, Elea Knobloch, Tiphaine Ricaud, Aline Rahnema, Valerie Louis-Dorr, Thomas Schwitzer
Summary: This article discusses the use of visual electrophysiology and neuropsychological assessment to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. The results show that the combination of these measurement methods can provide more information about the specific damages and pathophysiological characteristics of bipolar disorder patients.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Britta U. Westner, James Lubell, Mads Jensen, Sigbjorn Hokland, Sarang S. Dalal
Summary: Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) offer a flexible and contactless alternative for measuring brain and retinal activity without the need for cryogenic cooling. Magnetoretinographic (MRG) activity shows familiar signals similar to electroretinogram and shares a significant amount of information in both simultaneous and separate measurements.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fatima Abbas, Silke Becker, Bryan W. Jones, Ludovic S. Mure, Satchidananda Panda, Anne Hanneken, Frans Vinberg
Summary: In this study, the researchers used the retina as a model to investigate the process of death and neuronal revival in the central nervous system. They found that under certain conditions, postmortem mouse and human retinas can revive synchronous in vivo-like trans-synaptic transmission. They also identified modifiable factors that drive reversible and irreversible loss of light signalling after death.
Article
Ophthalmology
Enrico Borrelli, Marco Battista, Maria Lucia Cascavilla, Chiara Vigano, Federico Borghesan, Nicolo Nicolini, Lidia Clemente, Riccardo Sacconi, Costanza Barresi, Alessandro Marchese, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Giulio Modorati, Francesco Bandello, Giuseppe Querques
Summary: The study found that the outer nuclear layer (ONL) in eyes screened for HCQ retinopathy was significantly thinner in the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal regions. Even in HCQ eyes without detectable retinopathy, there were still structural changes associated with macular function.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Malena Daich Varela, Yannik Laich, Shaima Awadh Hashem, Omar A. Mahroo, Andrew R. Webster, Michel Michaelides
Summary: The purpose of this study was to explore the use of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging as a noninvasive method for predicting disease progression in Stargardt disease (STGD). The study found that FAF imaging can effectively determine the extent of retinal involvement and showed concordance with electroretinography (ERG). However, in certain patient populations, FAF imaging may not accurately predict the extent of retinal involvement.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandrine Joly, Lea Rodriguez, Vincent Pernet
Summary: The study found that in aging mice, the amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic pathways are not involved in visual function decline, and retinal neurons do not have the capacity to secrete A beta like other cortical and hippocampal neurons.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Nathalia Torres Jimenez, Robert F. Miller, Linda K. McLoon
Summary: The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) and D-serine are involved in the retinal field potentials of the outer retina, interacting based on the animal's sex. This suggests the involvement of gonadal hormones and D-serine in retinal functional integrity.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Andrey V. Dmitriev, Alexander A. Dmitriev, Robert A. Linsenmeier
Summary: The c-wave of ERGs in diabetic rats is more negative than in control rats and is highly sensitive to changes in blood glucose. This increased negativity is primarily due to alterations in the transepithelial resistance of the retinal pigment epithelium, which is an electrical counterpart to the blood-retinal barrier breakdown observed in other studies.
CURRENT EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucilla Barbano, Giulio Antonelli, Mariacristina Parravano, Eliana Costanzo, Vincenzo Parisi, Lucia Ziccardi
Summary: This case study describes the macular morpho-functional assessment of a 65-year-old man affected by stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis (SNIFR). The study revealed impaired function of the retinal elements involved in the retinoschisis, suggesting signaling defects derived from the delaminated middle retina and transmitted to the innermost retinal layers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chao Huang, Robert F. Rosencrans, Raluca Bugescu, Cristiano P. Vieira, Ping Hu, Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah, Karen L. Gamble, Ana Leda F. Longhini, Patrick M. Fuller, Gina M. Leinninger, Maria B. Grant
Summary: Hypothalamic inflammation and sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity are key features of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Reduction of somatostatinergic (SST) neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to disease progression, leading to brain inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. This study demonstrates that selectively depleting SST neurons can mimic several aspects of type 2 diabetes in relevant tissues.
Article
Ophthalmology
Kristine A. Tsantilas, Whitney M. Cleghorn, Celia M. Bisbach, Jeremy A. Whitson, Daniel T. Hass, Brian M. Robbings, Martin Sadilek, Jonathan D. Linton, Austin M. Rountree, Ana P. Valencia, Mariya T. Sweetwyne, Matthew D. Campbell, Huiliang Zhang, Connor S. R. Jankowski, Ian R. Sweet, David J. Marcinek, Peter S. Rabinovitch, James B. Hurley
Summary: The study revealed that aged mice had reduced retinal responses to light stimuli, with relatively stable metabolic flux and ATP levels in retinal tissues. However, there was a decrease in glutamine utilization in the Krebs Cycle in eyecups while other metabolic parameters remained constant. This suggests that external factors may play a role in influencing ocular metabolism in vivo.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chris S. Mesnard, Cody L. Barta, Asia L. Sladek, David Zenisek, Wallace B. Thoreson
Summary: The release of glutamate from rod and cone photoreceptor cells is facilitated by presynaptic ribbons composed mainly of the protein RIBEYE. The absence of ribbons in these cells leads to reduced temporal resolution, contrast sensitivity, and b-waves. The readily releasable pool of vesicles and the speed of vesicle replenishment are also reduced in cells lacking ribbons. Our findings suggest that synaptic ribbons play a crucial role in enhancing the release of vesicles and maintaining proper visual responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Ophthalmology
Kaat Peperstraete, Myriam Baes, Danielle Swinkels
Summary: Using cell type-specific knockout mice has been a valuable tool for studying the role of genes in specific cells and understanding disease mechanisms. In this study, multiple transgenic mouse models with global or cell type-specific deletion of MFP2 were generated and phenotyped to investigate its association with retinopathy. Unexpectedly, the L7Cre-2 mouse model did not show the expected specificity in generating rod bipolar cell specific knockout mice. Instead, the authors suggest using the independently generated BAC-L7-IRES-Cre mouse line for this purpose.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Aditi Swarup, Ivy S. Samuels, Brent A. Bell, John Y. S. Han, Jianhai Du, Erik Massenzio, E. Dale Abel, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia, Neal S. Peachey, Nancy J. Philp
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philip D. Kiser, Alexander V. Kolesnikov, Jianying Z. Kiser, Zhiqian Dong, Bhagirath Chaurasia, Liping Wang, Scott A. Summers, Thanh Hoang, Seth Blackshaw, Neal S. Peachey, Vladimir J. Kefalov, Krzysztof Palczewski
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John Y. S. Han, Junzo Kinoshita, Sara Bisetto, Brent A. Bell, Romana A. Nowak, Neal S. Peachey, Nancy J. Philp
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tobias Strunz, Susette Lauwen, Christina Kiel, Anneke den Hollander, Bernhard H. F. Weber
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elliot H. Choi, Susie Suh, David E. Einstein, Henri Leinonen, Zhiqian Dong, Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao, Steven J. Fliesler, Seth Blackshaw, Minzhong Yu, Neal S. Peachey, Krzysztof Palczewski, Philip D. Kiser
Summary: This study presents a novel RPE-specific knockin mouse line with accurate introduction of the CreER(T2) gene into retinal pigment epithelial cells, demonstrating high efficiency and absolute RPE-specific recombination ability for studying gene function and pathophysiology in the RPE.
Article
Ophthalmology
Cari L. Nealon, Christopher W. Halladay, Tyler G. Kinzy, Piana Simpson, Rachael L. Canania, Scott A. Anthony, David P. Roncone, Lea R. Sawicki Rogers, Jenna N. Leber, Jacquelyn M. Dougherty, Jack M. Sullivan, Wen-Chih Wu, Paul B. Greenberg, Sudha K. Iyengar, Dana C. Crawford, Neal S. Peachey, Jessica N. Cooke Bailey
Summary: This study developed and validated a computable phenotype algorithm to identify primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using electronic health record (EHR) and genetic data, demonstrating its feasibility and accuracy in studying complex ocular diseases that require imaging confirmation. The findings suggest that combining EHR and genetic data can improve understanding of ocular diseases, particularly those requiring imaging confirmation.
OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gayle B. Collin, Lanying Shi, Minzhong Yu, Nurten Akturk, Jeremy R. Charette, Lillian F. Hyde, Sonia M. Weatherly, Martin F. Pera, Juergen K. Naggert, Neal S. Peachey, Patsy M. Nishina, Mark P. Krebs
Summary: This study reveals defects in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of tvrm77 mice, which is associated with a mutation in the Slc4a5 gene. The mutation leads to reduced Slc4a5 expression and the presence of alternative splice variants. Additionally, the mutation causes retinal detachment, hypopigmented patches, and retinal folds in the mice, as well as altered RPE electrophysiological responses. These findings highlight the importance of SLC4A5 in the outer blood-retinal barrier.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren L. Daniele, John Y. S. Han, Ivy S. Samuels, Ravikiran Komirisetty, Nikhil Mehta, Jessica L. McCord, Minzhong Yu, Yekai Wang, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia, Brent A. Bell, Jianhai Du, Neal S. Peachey, Nancy J. Philp
Summary: Glucose supply is crucial for the normal functioning and survival of retinal cells. This study demonstrates the essential role of glucose in maintaining and sustaining rod photoreceptor outer segments (OS), with minimal impact on cone photoreceptor cells.
Article
Neurosciences
Cyril G. Eleftheriou, Carlo Corona, Shireen Khattak, Nazia M. Alam, Elena Ivanova, Paola Bianchimano, Yang Liu, Duo Sun, Rupesh Singh, Julia C. Batoki, Glen T. Prusky, J. Jason McAnany, Neal S. Peachey, Carmelo Romano, Botir T. Sagdullaev
Summary: This study on a mouse model of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis reveals that abnormal neuroglial signals appear as early as postnatal day 15, providing insights into disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Andrea R. Waksmunski, Tyler G. Kinzy, Lauren A. Cruz, Cari L. Nealon, Christopher W. Halladay, Piana Simpson, Rachael L. Canania, Scott A. Anthony, David P. Roncone, Lea Sawicki Rogers, Jenna N. Leber, Jacquelyn M. Dougherty, Paul B. Greenberg, Jack M. Sullivan, Wen-Chih Wu, Sudha K. Iyengar, Dana C. Crawford, Neal S. Peachey, Jessica N. Cooke Bailey
Summary: This study assessed the utility of a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 127 variants for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) risk stratification in European and African ancestry veterans, as well as its association with documented invasive glaucoma surgery (IGS).
Article
Cell Biology
Thanh Hoang, Dong Won Kim, Haley Appel, Nicole A. Pannullo, Patrick Leavey, Manabu Ozawa, Sika Zheng, Minzhong Yu, Neal S. Peachey, Seth Blackshaw
Summary: This study used genetic lineage tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and electroretinogram analysis to show that knocking down Ptbp1 does not lead to neuronal conversion in adult Muller glia. Only a few changes in gene expression are observed, and the glial identity is maintained.
Article
Neurosciences
Gabrielle M. Mey, Kirsten S. Evonuk, McKenzie K. Chappell, Laura M. Wolfe, Rupesh Singh, Julia C. Batoki, Minzhong Yu, Neal S. Peachey, Bela Anand-Apte, Robert Bermel, Daniel Ontaneda, Kunio Nakamura, Kedar R. Mahajan, Tara M. DeSilva
Summary: Thalamic volume is associated with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), and retinal imaging may serve as an important noninvasive predictor of neurodegeneration in MS.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Elliot H. Choi, Susie Suh, Henri Leinonen, David Einstein, Zhiqian Dong, Steven J. Fliesler, Seth Blackshaw, Neal S. Peachey, Krzysztof Palczewski, Philip David Kiser
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Robert Igo, Tyler G. Kinzy, Christopher W. Halladay, Dana C. Crawford, Paul B. Greenberg, Jack M. Sullivan, Steven J. Fliesler, Wen-Chih Wu, Helene Choquet, Karina Patasova, Eric Jorgenson, Pirro G. Hysi, Andrew J. Lotery, Jessica Cooke Bailey, Neal S. Peachey, Sudha K. Iyengar
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Jessica Cooke Bailey, Cari L. Nealon, Christopher W. Halladay, Piana Krymskaya, Scott A. Anthony, David P. Roncone, Rachael Canania, Tyler G. Kinzy, Robert Igo, Paul B. Greenberg, Dana C. Crawford, Sudha K. Iyengar, Jack M. Sullivan, Wen-Chih Wu, Neal S. Peachey
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2020)
