Review
Immunology
Andrea Herrero-Cervera, Oliver Soehnlein, Ellinor Kenne
Summary: Chronic inflammation is a common feature of many diseases and is especially prevalent in the aging population. The role of neutrophils in chronic inflammation is still not well understood, with conflicting evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental effects. However, emerging evidence indicates that neutrophils play a significant role in several chronic diseases.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar, Valeria Bumiller-Bini, Miguel Angelo Gasparetto Filho, Yohan Ricci Zonta, Kaio Shu Tsyr Yu, Ricardo Lehtonen R. de Souza, Luciane Alarcao Dias-Melicio, Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
Summary: The study found higher levels of neutrophil extracellular traps in the plasma and serum of Alzheimer's disease patients compared to elderly controls, suggesting a potential role of complement system molecules in the disease progression and indicating both as possible therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Zhaoyuan Chen, Hao Zhang, Mengdi Qu, Ke Nan, Hanzhong Cao, Juan P. Cata, Wankun Chen, Changhong Miao
Summary: Patients with sepsis often have coagulation dysfunction and the formation of thrombus, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) playing a key role in sepsis. Clinical evaluation of NETs function could be a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis of sepsis. The interaction of NETs with platelets, complement, and endothelium mediates the formation of immunothrombosis in sepsis, and inhibiting NETs formation is considered a potential treatment for sepsis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Scott H. Twaddell, Peter G. Gibson, Christopher Grainge, Katherine J. Baines
Summary: The study revealed that the concentrations of NET markers were significantly higher in parapneumonic effusions compared to effusions of other origins, indicating an association with inflammation. These findings may have implications for the treatment of parapneumonic effusions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Remo Poto, Leonardo Cristinziano, Luca Modestino, Amato de Paulis, Gianni Marone, Stefania Loffredo, Maria Rosaria Galdiero, Gilda Varricchi
Summary: Human neutrophils play a significant role in the host response against pathogens, and recent research has revealed their functional plasticity and involvement in cancer and angiogenesis. Neutrophils release angiogenic factors and form NETs, which promote tumor growth and metastasis through various mechanisms. Understanding the functions of NETs in cancer and angiogenesis could be important for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of tumors.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Amparo Blanch-Ruiz, Raquel Ortega-Luna, Maria Angeles Martinez-Cuesta, Angeles Alvarez
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death, with blood-cell interactions and endothelial dysfunction playing a key role in thrombus formation. Neutrophil extracellular vesicles (EVs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to contribute to thrombosis through various mechanisms, requiring exhaustive analysis of their structure and composition to clarify their role in pathological thrombus formation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Muhammad H. Shahzad, Lixuan Feng, Xin Su, Ariane Brassard, Iqraa Dhoparee-Doomah, Lorenzo E. Ferri, Jonathan D. Spicer, Jonathan J. Cools-Lartigue
Summary: Neutrophils play a role in cancer by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that interact with cancer cells, driving resistance to therapy. NETs are involved in various mechanisms of therapy resistance, including T-cell exhaustion, drug detoxification, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, understanding and targeting NETs is crucial for effective cancer treatment.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Phei Er Saw, Jianing Chen, Erwei Song
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in both infection control and tumor metastasis. The study by Mousset et al. published in Cancer Cell reveals that chemotherapy-induced inflammation promotes NETosis in malignant tumors, leading to chemoresistance. This finding highlights the potential of targeting inflammatory NETs for cancer treatment.
Article
Immunology
Carlos Blanco-Camarillo, Omar Rafael Aleman, Carlos Rosales
Summary: The article discusses the different phenotypes and functional states of neutrophils in healthy and pathological conditions, with a focus on the presence and cellular functions of low-density neutrophils (LDN) in the blood of healthy individuals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Neel K. Krishna, Kenji M. Cunnion, Grace A. Parker
Summary: EPICC peptides are a group of peptides developed from the capsid protein sequence of human astrovirus type 1, which have been shown to inhibit the classical and lectin pathways of complement. The lead EPICC molecule, RLS-0071, has demonstrated multiple mechanisms of action including complement blockade, inhibition of neutrophil-driven myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and intrinsic antioxidant activity. RLS-0071 has shown promise in the treatment of immune-mediated hematological diseases and tissue-based diseases driven by both complement and neutrophil pathways.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nicole de Buhr, Tristan Baumann, Christopher Werlein, Leonie Fingerhut, Rabea Imker, Marita Meurer, Friedrich Goetz, Paul Bronzlik, Mark P. Kuehnel, Danny D. Jonigk, Johanna Ernst, Andrei Leotescu, Maria M. Gabriel, Hans Worthmann, Ralf Lichtinghagen, Andreas Tiede, Maren von Koeckritz-Blickwede, Christine S. Falk, Karin Weissenborn, Ramona Schuppner, Gerrit M. Grosse
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination is crucial. However, concerns have arisen regarding rare thrombotic complications associated with ChAdOx1 vaccination. This study explored the mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and identified the potential role of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in thrombogenesis. The findings suggest that insufficient resolution of NETs and disturbed NET degradation may contribute to VITT pathology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Szilvia Torok, Nikoletta Almasi, Zsuzsanna Valkusz, Aniko Posa, Csaba Varga, Krisztina Kupai
Summary: The study showed that hydrogen sulfide treatment can reduce colonic lesions in experimental rat colitis, decrease the formation of NETs and expression of inflammatory mediators, indicating a potential anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen sulfide through inhibiting NETs formation, suggesting a new therapeutic approach against IBD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lei Xie, Yixiong Ma, Geert Opsomer, Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini, Yandong Guan, Qiang Dong
Summary: Neutrophils play an important role in the defense against pathogens through mechanisms such as phagocytosis, enzyme release, and the production of NETs. However, research on NETs in cattle is relatively scarce, calling for further in-depth study.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lanlan Li, Yongchang Ma, Yi Hu, Pengfei Wang, Songling Han, Xiangjun Zhang, Jianxiang Zhang
Summary: This article reports a targeted treatment method for asthma using a cyclic oligosaccharide-derived nanotherapy. The treatment effectively alleviates oxidative stress, suppresses inflammatory responses, reverses airway remodelling, and improves pulmonary function. The method shows promising results for the treatment of eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma.
Review
Immunology
Stijn Van Bruggen, Kimberly Martinod
Summary: Thrombus formation is a complex process involving multiple cells and soluble factors. Neutrophils, as key members of the immune system, play a crucial role in this process by forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs act as a scaffold for thrombus formation and can be formed in response to various stimuli, leading to immune-mediated thrombus formation.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Sarah Weischendorff, Henrik Sengelov, Anders Juul, Claus H. Nielsen, Lars P. Ryder, Katrine Kielsen, Klaus Mueller
Summary: The study found that high levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are associated with faster reconstitution of different blood cell populations after HSCT, including reticulocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophil engraftment time, and circulating natural killer cells.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elvira Silajdzija, Sofie Bliddal, Line Borgwardt, Maria Rossing, Anne Jarlov, Claus Henrik Nielsen, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Summary: This article reports a case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II (APS II) in a patient who was initially diagnosed with hypothyroidism and presented with fatigue and rapid weight loss. Through examinations and genetic sequencing, the final diagnoses included Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's disease, vitiligo, and pernicious anemia. The findings suggest that awareness of potential polyautoimmunity in patients with thyroid disease can improve diagnosis and even be life-saving.
HORMONES-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Blaine G. Fritz, Julius B. Kirkegaard, Claus Henrik Nielsen, Klaus Kirketerp-Maller, Matthew Malone, Thomas Bjarnsholt
Summary: This study analyzed the transcriptome of lower extremity ulcers to identify host gene expression patterns associated with bacterial infections. The results showed that these transcriptome patterns were often inconsistent with clinical infection severity classifications. A set of 20 genes, including immune-associated genes, accurately identified samples with signs of infection. This suggests that transcriptomic fingerprinting could be a useful objective method for classifying infection severity and studying host-pathogen interactions.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Christian Damgaard, Laura Massarenti, Anne Katrine Danielsen, Jonas H. Graversen, Palle Holmstrup, Claus H. Nielsen, Yaseelan Palarasah
Summary: Complement activation is increased in patients with periodontitis, but there is no difference between PD-B and PD-C. PD-B is associated with systemic complement activation.
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Christian Enevold, Nikolai Loft, Anne Bregnhoj, Claus Zachariae, Lars Iversen, Lone Skov, Claus Henrik Nielsen
Summary: This case series study suggests an association between drug monitoring and clinical treatment response. Monitoring patient levels of circulating brodalumab may aid clinical decision-making and help prevent ineffective therapy.
Article
Immunology
Dina Leth Moller, Katrine Kielsen, Claus Henrik Nielsen, Henrik Sengelov, Anders Elm Pedersen, Lars Peter Ryder, Klaus Muller
Summary: This study suggests a role of TSLP in immune reconstitution and alloreactivity post-HSCT.
IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Sarah Weischendorff, Silvia De Pietri, Mathias Rathe, Thomas Leth Frandsen, Henrik Hasle, Claus H. Nielsen, Claus Moser, Klaus Mueller
Summary: This study investigated whether measurements of neutrophil chemotaxis could be used as risk markers for bloodstream infections (BSI) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The results showed that patients who developed BSI during induction treatment had increased levels of chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8, suggesting that these markers may help identify patients at increased risk of BSI during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clara Sophie Bramsen Andersen, Amanda Kvist-Hansen, Mie Siewertsen, Christian Enevold, Peter Riis Hansen, Diljit Kaur-Knudsen, Claus Zachariae, Claus Henrik Nielsen, Nikolai Loft, Lone Skov
Summary: This study examined the usefulness of various inflammation biomarkers in personalizing biologic treatment for psoriasis patients. It was found that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels could serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment response to TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy. The study also measured other biomarkers such as TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IFN-alpha, IL-17A, IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-6 signal transducer (sIL-6ST) in different patient groups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Christine Lundtorp Olsen, Merete Markvart, Vincent Frederik Dahl Vendius, Christian Damgaard, Daniel Belstrom
Summary: Frequent intake of free sugars can cause dental caries, but the immediate effect of sugar intake on the supragingival microbiota is still unknown. This study aims to explore the impact of 14 days of sugar rinsing on the supragingival microbiota. The results show that temporary sugar stress can lead to a loss of diversity and compositional changes in the supragingival microbiota, but these changes can be reversed with oral care.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria Teresa Martin Monreal, Bjarke E. Hansen, Pernille F. Iversen, Christian Enevold, Niels Odum, Finn Sellebjerg, Peter Hojrup, Marina Rode von Essen, Claus H. Nielsen
Summary: The research suggests that citrullination, a post-translational modification, may play a role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). The autoimmune response to myelin basic protein (MBP) is enhanced when it is hypercitrullinated in MS patients. In addition, citMBP binds more effectively to HLA-DR15, which is associated with MS, compared to native MBP. These findings point to the importance of citrullination in breaching tolerance to MBP and maintaining the autoimmune response in MS patients.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
C. Enevold, C. H. Nielsen, L. B. Christensen, J. Kongstad, N. E. Fiehn, P. R. Hansen, P. Holmstrup, A. Havemose-Poulsen, C. Damgaard
Summary: This study evaluated the ability of machine learning models to predict clinically defined periodontitis from self-report questionnaires and demographic data. The results showed that cross-validated machine learning algorithms could achieve modest capabilities in predicting Stage III/IV periodontitis in two Danish cohorts.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Andrea Kjellstroem Wagner, Maria D'Souza, Casper N. Bang, Palle Holmstrup, Paul Blanche, Nils-Erik Fiehn, Gunnar Gislason, Christian Torp Pedersen, Christian Damgaard, Claus Henrik Nielsen, Peter Riis Hansen
Summary: This study investigated the association between previous periodontal treatment and recurrent events after first-time MI. The results showed that patients with treated periodontitis prior to first-time MI had a similar risk of recurrent cardiovascular events as patients presumed periodontally healthy. However, patients with no prior dental visits had a significantly increased risk of recurrent events.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Marte B. Kammersgaard, Katrine Kielsen, Claus H. Nielsen, Marianne Ifversen, Anne-Helene Bohr, Klaus Muller Ller
Summary: Neutrophil engraftment is crucial for successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but it may also lead to transplant-related complications. This study investigated the relationship between the neutrophil activation marker MRP-8/14, neutrophil recovery, and toxicities after pediatric HSCT. The results showed significant associations between MRP-8/14 levels and neutrophil engraftment, bacterial bloodstream infections, engraftment syndrome, and acute graft-versus-host disease.
TRANSPLANTATION AND CELLULAR THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christine Lundtorp Olsen, Laura Massarenti, Vincent Frederik Dahl Vendius, Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy, Annina Van Splunter, Floris J. Bikker, Mervi Gursoy, Christian Damgaard, Merete Markvart, Daniel Belstrom
Summary: The study aimed to test if probiotics can counteract oral dysbiosis and restore oral homeostasis. The findings suggest that consumption of probiotics during short-term sugar stress can have a stabilizing effect on the supragingival microbiota.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christine Lundtorp Olsen, Laura Massarenti, Vincent Frederik Dahl Vendius, Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy, Annina Van Splunter, Floris J. Bikker, Mervi Gursoy, Christian Damgaard, Merete Markvart, Daniel Belstrom
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate whether probiotics can protect against experimental gingivitis caused by neglecting oral hygiene for 14 days and support the restoration of oral homeostasis afterwards. The results suggest that probiotics play a role in maintaining the resilience of the oral microbiota during the resolution period of gingivitis.