Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nils B. Kroemer
Summary: As most studies have mainly focused on the effects of insulin in the brain on men, there is limited understanding of metabolic changes during the menstrual cycle in women. Hummel et al. found that insulin sensitivity is reduced during the luteal phase through intranasal insulin administration and functional MRI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rumyana Dimova, Nevena Chakarova, Giuseppe Daniele, Cristina Bianchi, Angela Dardano, Stefano Del Prato, Tsvetalina Tankova
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between insulin secretion and sensitivity, and daily glucose variability (GV) in the early stages of dysglycemia. The results showed that impairment of glucose tolerance was associated with worsening GV, and the increase in GV was inversely related to insulin secretion and action.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose E. Galgani, Rodrigo Fernandez-Verdejo
Summary: Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are oxidized to produce ATP for energy, and the complex adaptive systems in the body adjust fuel oxidation rates based on fuel availability. Metabolic flexibility refers to the ability of cells, tissues, or organisms to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, which can be impaired in conditions like insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction in these conditions has been linked to metabolic inflexibility and overall metabolic health.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Su-Min Moon, Min-Jin Joo, Young-Seo Lee, Myeong-Gyu Kim
Summary: This meta-analysis found that long-term coffee consumption had a nonsignificant effect on insulin resistance and sensitivity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of coffee consumption in healthy, young, and normal-weight individuals.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia Hummel, Charlotte Benkendorff, Louise Fritsche, Katsiaryna Prystupa, Andreas Vosseler, Sofiya Gancheva, Sandra Trenkamp, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Hubert Preissl, Michael Roden, Hans-Ulrich Haering, Andreas Fritsche, Andreas Peter, Robert Wagner, Stephanie Kullmann, Martin Heni
Summary: This study found that brain insulin action improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in women, but only during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The study also found different effects of insulin on hypothalamic sensitivity depending on the menstrual cycle phase.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Camelia Papuc, Gheorghe V. Goran, Corina N. Predescu, Liliana Tudoreanu, Georgeta Stefan
Summary: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels with detrimental effects on various systems. Plant polyphenols have shown beneficial activity for diabetes prevention and treatment. This review article summarizes the mechanisms by which polyphenols decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet beta-cell mass and function, as well as their effects on insulin release.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Morris F. White, C. Ronald Kahn
Summary: The discovery and application of insulin marked a major turning point in medical history, playing a crucial role in blood glucose regulation and the treatment of diseases like diabetes.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Michael C. Peters, Mark L. Schiebler, Juan Carlos Cardet, Mats W. Johansson, Ronald Sorkness, Mark D. DeBoer, Eugene R. Bleecker, Deborah A. Meyers, Mario Castro, Kaharu Sumino, Serpil C. Erzurum, Matthew C. Tattersall, Joe G. Zein, Annette T. Hastie, Wendy Moore, Bruce D. Levy, Elliot Israel, Brenda R. Phillips, David T. Mauger, Sally E. Wenzel, Merritt L. Fajt, Suneil K. Koliwad, Loren C. Denlinger, Prescott G. Woodruff, Nizar N. Jarjour, John Fahy
Summary: This study demonstrates that insulin resistance (IR) is common in asthma and is associated with lower lung function, accelerated decline of lung function, and suboptimal responses to bronchodilator and corticosteroid treatments.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael Feichtinger, Tina Linder, Ingo Rosicky, Daniel Eppel, Christian Schatten, Wolfgang Eppel, Peter Husslein, Andrea Tura, Christian S. Goebl
Summary: The study found that insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism parameters were comparable between pregnant women with PCOS and controls, while significant differences were observed between overweight/obese and lean mothers. Impaired insulin sensitivity was mainly attributed to overweight rather than PCOS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pascale Gluais-Dagorn, Marc Foretz, Gregory R. Steinberg, Battsetseg Batchuluun, Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak, Joost M. Lambooij, Bruno Guigas, David Carling, Pierre-Axel Monternier, David E. Moller, Sebastien Bolze, Sophie Hallakou-Bozec
Summary: The study demonstrates that direct activation of AMPK can improve all core components of NASH and alleviate related hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation. Additionally, novel properties of direct AMPK activation were revealed, including improved insulin resistance and direct suppression of inflammation and fibrogenesis. These findings suggest the potential for direct AMPK activation as an effective treatment for patients with NASH, with effects also observed in human cells.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva A. Arslanian, Tamara Hannon, Philip Zeitler, Lily C. Chao, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Margarita Barrientos-Perez, Elise Bismuth, Sergio Dib, Jang Ik Cho, David Cox
Summary: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing among youths. Treatment with dulaglutide at a once-weekly dose of 0.75 mg or 1.5 mg was superior to placebo in improving glycemic control through 26 weeks among youths with type 2 diabetes, without an effect on BMI.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva A. Arslanian, Tamara Hannon, Philip Zeitler, Lily C. Chao, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Margarita Barrientos-Perez, Elise Bismuth, Sergio Dib, Jang Ik Cho, David Cox
Summary: In this 26-week trial, researchers found that once-weekly treatment with dulaglutide has significant efficacy in improving glycemic control among youths with type 2 diabetes.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniela Zanetti, Laurel Stell, Stefan Gustafsson, Fahim Abbasi, Philip S. Tsao, Joshua W. Knowles, Bjorn Zethelius, Johan Arnlov, Beverley Balkau, Mark Walker, Laura C. Lazzeroni, Lars Lind, John R. Petrie, Themistocles L. Assimes
Summary: High-throughput plasma proteomic profiling can identify protein signatures that correlate with the M value, a measure of whole-body insulin sensitivity. These signatures can improve the estimation of insulin sensitivity and potentially identify individuals at risk of insulin resistance-related adverse health consequences.
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Miriam S. Udler
Summary: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes have found few loci related to muscle biology. A GWAS using post-glucose-challenge insulin levels has identified loci connected to insulin resistance and the regulation of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle, highlighting the benefits of studying dynamic glycemic measures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rana Halloun, Alfonso Galderisi, Sonia Caprio, Ram Weiss
Summary: This study found that adipose tissue insulin resistance does not protect against increases in the degree of obesity in youth with obesity, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance is not associated with increases in the degree of obesity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)