Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rory J. McCrimmon
Summary: The discovery and mass manufacture of insulin transformed the lives of diabetes patients, but also brought the risk of hypoglycemia. Recurrent hypoglycemia may impact cells critical for glucose regulation in the brain, exacerbating oxidative stress and inflammation caused by chronic hyperglycemia, leading to brain damage and cognitive decline. Combining prior glycemic control, hypoglycemia, and rebound hyperglycemia synergistically accelerates oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to the complications of diabetes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vadim Tseilikman, Maria Komelkova, Marina V. Kondashevskaya, Eugenia Manukhina, H. Fred Downey, Valerii Chereshnev, Margarita Chereshneva, Pavel Platkovskii, Anna Goryacheva, Anton Pashkov, Julia Fedotova, Olga Tseilikman, Natalya Maltseva, Olga Cherkasova, Charlotte Steenblock, Stefan R. Bornstein, Barbara Ettrich, George P. Chrousos, Enrico Ullmann
Summary: This study found high- and low-anxiety phenotypes in rats exposed to predator scent stress, with high-anxiety phenotype showing changes in adrenal function and histomorphology, while low-anxiety phenotype did not.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruth S. Weinstock, Bruce W. Bode, Satish K. Garg, David C. Klonoff, Caroline El Sanadi, W. Blair Geho, Douglas B. Muchmore, Marc S. Penn
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an increased bolus: basal insulin ratio with liver-targeted bolus insulin would increase bolus insulin usage and decrease hypoglycaemic events. The results showed that liver-targeted bolus insulin safely decreased hypoglycaemic events and symptoms without compromising glucose control.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Varun Vartak, Lynne Chepulis, Matthew Driller, Ryan G. Paul
Summary: In this pilot study, the INS intervention was found to be the most effective approach for maintaining blood glucose levels during aerobic exercise in individuals with T1D. However, further evaluation in other groups, including women, children, and those with suboptimal glycaemic control, is needed.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie A. Amiel, Laura Potts, Kimberley Goldsmith, Peter Jacob, Emma L. Smith, Linda Gonder-Frederick, Simon Heller, Elena Toschi, Augustin Brooks, Dulmini Kariyawasam, Pratik Choudhary, Marietta Stadler, Helen Rogers, Mike Kendall, Nick Sevdalis, Ioannis Bakolis, Nicole de Zoysa
Summary: In this randomized control trial, the authors found that a group programme focusing on changing cognitive barriers to avoiding hypoglycaemia (HARPdoc) does not reduce severe hypoglycaemia more than a programme focusing on behaviors (BGAT) in adults with type 1 diabetes and treatment-resistant impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) and severe hypoglycaemia.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melissa A. Davis, Leticia E. Camacho, Alexander L. Pendleton, Andrew T. Antolic, Rosa Luna-Ramirez, Amy C. Kelly, Nathan R. Steffens, Miranda J. Anderson, Sean W. Limesand
Summary: In this study, fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were found to have higher concentrations of catecholamines, but their glucose metabolism adaptation was independent of catecholamines and appeared to be driven by hypoxemia and hypoglycemia.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko
Summary: With advancements in diabetes care, incident cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has decreased. Challenges remain due to CVD being a major cause of death in diabetic patients. Research focuses on reducing cardiovascular risk in T2DM through lifestyle modifications and therapeutic approaches.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julie Maria Boggild Brosen, Rikke Mette Agesen, Peter Lommer Kristensen, Amra Ciric Alibegovic, Henrik Ullits Andersen, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Peter Gustenhoff, Troels Krarup Hansen, Christoffer Hedetoft, Tonny Jensen, Charlotte Ron Stolberg, Claus Bogh Juhl, Susanne Sogaard Lerche, Kirsten Norgaard, Hans-Henrik Parving, Lise Tarnow, Birger Thorsteinsson, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
Summary: This study compared the nocturnal glucose profiles in individuals with type 1 diabetes at risk for severe hypoglycemia, treated with insulin degludec and insulin glargine U100. The findings showed that treatment with insulin degludec resulted in lower glycemic variability and reduced risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia compared to insulin glargine U100.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Linda C. A. Drenthen, Mandala Ajie, Evertine J. J. Abbink, Laura Rodwell, Dick H. J. Thijssen, Cees J. J. Tack, Bastiaan E. E. de Galan
Summary: The ADREM study found that adjusting insulin degludec doses after exercise does not reduce the risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes patients. Although reducing the dose can decrease the time below range the next day, it does not lead to fewer hypoglycaemic events, while postponing the use of insulin degludec increases the time above range.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anastasia-Stefania Alexopoulos, Andreas Andersen, Anders Meller Donatsky, Amoolya Gowda, John B. Buse
Summary: In both the DEVOTE and SWITCH 2 trials, insulin degludec 100 units/mL was shown to be superior to insulin glargine 100 units/mL in reducing rates of severe hypoglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, regardless of diabetes duration. No significant interaction was observed between diabetes duration and treatment in the analysis of both trials.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Huiying Wang, Yunting Zhou, Yuming Wang, Tingting Cai, Yun Hu, Ting Jing, Bo Ding, Xiaofei Su, Huiqin Li, Jianhua Ma
Summary: This study examined the glycaemic variability and safety of basal and premixed insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that compared to basal insulin, patients using premixed insulin had higher glycaemic variability, smaller time in range, and increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nataliya Yaglova, Sergey S. Obernikhin, Dibakhan A. Tsomartova, Svetlana Nazimova, Valentin V. Yaglov, Elina S. Tsomartova, Elizaveta Chereshneva, Marina Y. Ivanova, Tatiana A. Lomanovskaya
Summary: DDT is a persistent organic pollutant that affects the development and function of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa, with low-dose exposure leading to slower development and lower functional activity, as well as increased expression of Oct4. The decrease in Oct4 expressing cells is associated with accelerated growth and restoration of hormone production in DDT-exposed rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jasleen Kaur, Elizabeth R. Seaquist
Summary: This review discusses the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It emphasizes the importance of diabetes education in preventing hypoglycemia and highlights the advancements in diabetes technologies and insulin therapy for improved management strategies and reduced morbidity and mortality.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria E. Rivera-Castro, Cesar F. Pastelin, Juan Bravo-Benitez, Carolina Moran
Summary: Communication between the ovaries and the central nervous system is mediated by peripheral innervation from the celiac plexus, superior ovarian nerve, and ovarian plexus nerve. The role of the vagus nerve in regulating the ovaries and the neural pathway connecting them are not well understood. This study on adult female rats reveals the anatomical and biochemical characteristics of the right and left vagus nerves, including the presence of a right vagal plexus (RVP) mainly composed of catecholaminergic terminals and cholinergic neurons. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on the communication between the vagus nerve and the ovaries.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rory J. McCrimmon
Summary: Recurrent hypoglycaemia can lead to adaptive changes and damage in cells, as well as exacerbate oxidative stress and inflammation caused by chronic hyperglycaemia.