Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andrew D. Biancolin, Hyerin Jeong, Kimberly W. Y. Mak, Zixuan Yuan, Patricia L. Brubaker
Summary: Metabolism and circadian rhythms are closely linked, and the secretion of GLP-1 in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases significantly with a phase shift in peak secretion. The expression of clock genes, SCGN, and insulin release in L-cells is also impaired.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jonathan M. Wilson, Yanzhu Lin, M. Jane Luo, Gary Considine, Amy L. Cox, Lenden M. Bowsman, Deborah A. Robins, Axel Haupt, Kevin L. Duffin, Giacomo Ruotolo
Summary: In a phase 2 trial, tirzepatide reduced HbA1c and body weight dose-dependently in patients with type 2 diabetes, and also decreased several biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk factors, showing potential positive effects on cardiovascular health.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Ahren
Summary: In this study, the contribution of GIP and GLP-1 to insulin response to oral glucose in female mice was investigated using receptor antagonists. It was found that both GIP and GLP-1 are required for a normal incretin effect in female mice, and no other incretin hormone is likely present in this species.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eleonora Grespan, Toni Giorgino, Andrea Natali, Ele Ferrannini, Andrea Mari
Summary: The stimulatory effects of GIP and GLP-1 on insulin secretion are significantly reduced in T2D patients compared to NGT subjects. The lack of effects of pharmacological GIP doses in T2D is mainly due to saturation of the GIP effect rather than insensitivity to GIP.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qiming Tan, Seun E. Akindehin, Camila E. Orsso, Richelle C. Waldner, Richard D. DiMarchi, Timo D. Mueller, Andrea M. Haqq
Summary: GLP-1 has been extensively studied as a therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Improvement in the pharmacokinetic profile of GLP-1R agonists and the recent clinical success of GIPR agonists have opened up new possibilities for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melissa K. Thomas, Amir Nikooienejad, Ross Bray, Xuewei Cui, Jonathan Wilson, Kevin Duffin, Zvonko Milicevic, Axel Haupt, Deborah A. Robins
Summary: Tirzepatide demonstrated significantly greater improvements in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function compared to dulaglutide, with only partial contributions from weight loss. The dual receptor agonism of tirzepatide may confer distinct mechanisms of glycemic control beyond just weight reduction.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael A. Nauck, Daniel R. Quast, Jakob Wefers, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
Summary: Incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 play a significant role in insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the gut-endocrine pancreas axis. They also have additional effects on bone remodelling, lipid storage, gastric emptying, and may provide benefits for cardiovascular complications and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent research on GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonists has renewed interest in the potential therapeutic applications of incretin hormones.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arihiro Kiyosue, Julia P. Dunn, Xuewei Cui, Ana Hickey, Tetsuaki Hirase, Takeshi Imaoka, Robert J. Heine
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide in East Asian individuals of different ages and body mass index (BMI). Data from clinical trials in East Asian countries were analyzed, and the results showed that tirzepatide had similar safety and efficacy profiles in East Asian participants, regardless of age and BMI.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
John Bucheit, Jessica Ayers, Lauren Pamulapati, Audrieanna Browning, Evan Sisson
Summary: The incretin hormone system is an important target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can lower blood sugar and weight, but have no effect on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Tirzepatide is a novel incretin agent that acts on both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, and has good glucose-lowering and weight loss effects.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Josh Reed, Stephen Bain, Venkateswarlu Kanamarlapudi
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action. GLP-1 mimetics, with their longer half-life, have shown to be effective in enhancing insulin secretion, alleviating post-diagnosis complications, and inducing weight loss in patients. Understanding the mechanisms of action and potential of GLP-1-based therapies can provide better insight into treating T2D effectively.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julio Rosenstock, Lawrence Blonde, Vanita R. Aroda, Juan Frias, Elisabeth Souhami, Chen Ji, Elisabeth Niemoeller, Stefano Del Prato
Summary: Switching to iGlarLixi resulted in significantly greater reductions in HbA1c and proportions of participants reaching HbA1c <7 % compared with continued GLP-1 RA treatment in the LixiLan-G trial. This improvement in glycemic control was seen across different subgroups with varying previous GLP-1 RA regimens.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Benedikt A. Aulinger, David A. D'Alessio
Summary: This study compares two different methods to measure the incretin effect and suggests various calculation methods to interpret the results. The study finds that both techniques have similar quantitative results and can be used to measure the incretin effect.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Baptist Gallwitz
Summary: Incretin-based therapies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have been established in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The development of novel dual- or triple-receptor agonists aims to target multiple metabolic pathways simultaneously. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has shown promising effects in reducing glycemic parameters and body weight. This article provides an overview of the current clinical study program and highlights the potential indications for tirzepatide in the treatment of obesity and comorbidities of type 2 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melinda Danowitz, Diva D. De Leon
Summary: Incretin hormones, especially GLP-1, play an important role in the pathophysiology of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Understanding the mechanisms of incretin hormones is crucial for exploring GLP-1 receptor as a therapeutic target for these conditions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christophe E. M. De Block, Eveline Dirinck, Ann Verhaegen, Luc F. Van Gaal
Summary: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide RA tirzepatide have expanded the population of individuals reaching HbA1c and weight targets, showing potential therapeutic benefits. However, further research is needed to determine whether this will lead to improved cardiovascular outcomes and impact treatment guidelines.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)