Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beatriz Alvarez, Maria A. Navarrete-Munoz, Veronica Briz, Susana Olmedillas-Lopez, Sara Nistal, Alfonso Cabello, Laura Prieto, Miguel Gorgolas, Mariano Garcia-Arranz, Jose M. Benito, Norma Rallon
Summary: This study assessed the impact of HCV eradication on HIV-DNA content in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with direct-acting antivirals. The results suggest that HCV does not influence the size of the HIV reservoir and that DAAs do not have an anti-HIV action.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Isabelle Plo, William Vainchenker
Summary: In this study, it was reported that interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) plays a significant role as a genetic determinant of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)-induced molecular response (MR) in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), leading to better patient stratification.
Article
Immunology
Lorna Leal, Elvira Couto, Sonsoles Sanchez-Palomino, Nuria Climent, Irene Fernandez, Laia Miralles, Yolanda Romero, Tania Gonzalez, Maria Jose Maleno, Blanca Pano, Judit Pich, Carlos Nicolau, Jose Maria Gatell, Montserrat Plana, Felipe Garcia
Summary: The combination of therapeutic vaccine with IFN α-2a was safe and well-tolerated in chronic HIV-1 infected individuals, but had a minimal impact on viral dynamics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Megen C. Wittling, Shannon R. Cahalan, Eric A. Levenson, Ronald L. Rabin
Summary: Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered as antiviral factors, but they also modulate immunity and suppress cancer cell proliferation. There are 16 different IFN-I gene products, and investigating their shared and unique aspects is important for understanding their roles.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Guy Helman, Parand Zarekiani, Samantha A. M. Tromp, Ashley Andrews, Lorenzo D. Botto, Joshua L. Bonkowsky, Anna Chassevent, Elisa Giorgio, Tommaso Pippucci, Shen Wei, Constance Smith-Hicks, Giovanna Vaula, Michel A. A. P. Willemsen, Mareike Schimmel, Kurt Vollert, Fumitaka Shimizu, Takashi Kanda, Matthew Lynch, Tony Roscioli, Ryan J. Taft, Cas Simons, Marianna Bugiani, Taco W. Kuijpers, Marjo S. van der Knaap
Summary: This study reports on 7 unrelated patients who exhibited leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and were found to have heterozygous de novo gain-of-function variants in the NOTCH1 gene. Immunologic profiling showed increased expression of CSF IP-10, a cytokine downstream of NOTCH1 signaling. Autopsy revealed extensive leukoencephalopathy and microangiopathy with vascular calcifications. These findings suggest that heterozygous gain-of-function variants in the NOTCH1 gene lead to chronic CNS inflammatory response, resulting in calcifying microangiopathy with leukoencephalopathy.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Kevin Desaulniers, Levine Ortiz, Caroline Dufour, Alix Claudel, Melodie B. Plourde, Natacha Merindol, Lionel Berthoux
Summary: Introducing two mutations into the endogenous human TRIM5 gene using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated HDR significantly enhances TRIM5 alpha's ability to restrict HIV-1. Biallelic modification is crucial for achieving significant levels of inhibition by TRIM5 alpha.
Article
Cell Biology
Marcos V. P. Gondim, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Ronnie M. Russell, Stephanie Trimboli, Andrew G. Smith, Yingying Li, Weimin Liu, Alexa N. Avitto, Julia C. DeVoto, Jesse Connell, Angharad E. Fenton-May, Pierre Pellegrino, Ian Williams, Emmanouil Papasavvas, Julio C. C. Lorenzi, D. Brenda Salantes, Felicity Mampe, M. Alexandra Monroy, Yehuda Z. Cohen, Sonya Heath, Michael S. Saag, Luis J. Montaner, Ronald G. Collman, Janet M. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano, Lindsey J. Plenderleith, Paul M. Sharp, Marina Caskey, Michel C. Nussenzweig, George M. Shaw, Persephone Borrow, Katharine J. Bar, Beatrice H. Hahn
Summary: Type 1 interferons (IFN-I) have potent antiviral effects against HIV-1, but their resistance in later stages of infection remains high. A study of 500 clonally derived HIV-1 isolates found that resistance to IFN-I decreases in the first year after infection, increases with CD4(+) T cell loss, and is highest during viral rebound after treatment interruption. This dynamic interplay between host innate responses and the evolving HIV-1 quasispecies affects the control of HIV-1 by IFN-I.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liam Gaziano, Claudia Giambartolomei, Alexandre C. Pereira, Anna Gaulton, Daniel C. Posner, Sonja A. Swanson, Yuk-Lam Ho, Sudha K. Iyengar, Nicole M. Kosik, Marijana Vujkovic, David R. Gagnon, A. Patricia Bento, Inigo Barrio-Hernandez, Lars Ronnblom, Niklas Hagberg, Christian Lundtoft, Claudia Langenberg, Maik Pietzner, Dennis Valentine, Stefano Gustincich, Gian Gaetano Tartaglia, Elias Allara, Praveen Surendran, Stephen Burgess, Jing Hua Zhao, James E. Peters, Bram P. Prins, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Poornima Devineni, Yunling Shi, Kristine E. Lynch, Scott L. DuVall, Helene Garcon, Lauren O. Thomann, Jin J. Zhou, Bryan R. Gorman, Jennifer E. Huffman, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Philip S. Tsao, Jean C. Beckham, Saiju Pyarajan, Sumitra Muralidhar, Grant D. Huang, Rachel Ramoni, Pedro Beltrao, John Danesh, Adriana M. Hung, Kyong-Mi Chang, Yan V. Sun, Jacob Joseph, Andrew R. Leach, Todd L. Edwards, Kelly Cho, J. Michael Gaziano, Adam S. Butterworth, Juan P. Casas
Summary: Large-scale Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses using gene expression and soluble protein data identified IFNAR2 and ACE2 as promising therapeutic targets for early management of COVID-19. Repurposing drugs offers a rapid solution to address the urgent need for therapeutic interventions against COVID-19.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Praneetha Palasuberniam, Yi Wei Chan, Kae Yi Tan, Choo Hock Tan
Summary: The venom of the Samar Cobra is dominated by three-finger toxins, with short-chain alpha-neurotoxins being the most highly expressed and lethal component. The Philippine Cobra Antivenom showed weak cross-neutralization potency against the venom, particularly targeting the alpha-neurotoxins, underscoring the need for improvement in neutralization activity.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Stadler, Martin Kaechele, Alisha N. Jones, Julia Hess, Christian Urban, Jessica Schneider, Yuchen Xia, Andreas Oswald, Firat Nebioglu, Romina Bester, Felix Lasitschka, Marc Ringelhan, Chunkyu Ko, Wen-Min Chou, Arie Geerlof, Maarten A. van de Klundert, Jochen M. Wettengel, Peter Schirmacher, Mathias Heikenwaelder, Sabrina Schreiner, Ralf Bartenschlager, Andreas Pichlmair, Michael Sattler, Kristian Unger, Ulrike Protzer
Summary: The study demonstrates that ISG20 is a nuclear protein induced by both type I and II interferons with nuclease activity, which works with APOBEC3A to degrade HBV cccDNA. ISG20 is localized in the nucleoli of interferon-stimulated hepatocytes and is expressed in acute, self-limiting hepatitis B but not in chronic infection.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Aroonsiri Sangarlangkarn, Yuji Yamada, Fred C. Ko
Summary: With the increasing life expectancy of HIV patients and the emergence of multiple geriatric syndromes, HIV clinicians face challenges in providing care for older adults living with HIV. Current HIV guidelines have limitations in addressing the multifactorial conditions, patient-centered outcomes, representation in clinical trials, and criteria for inclusion for older HIV patients. Strategies such as using baseline attributes, time to benefit, and the Geriatrics 5M model can aid in shared decision making and improving outcomes for older HIV patients while waiting for updated guidelines to be developed.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jayantee Kalita, Sarvesh K. Chaudhury, Bishwanath Kumar, Mahesh Jadhav
Summary: We report an adult patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) who presented with unusual clinical and radiological features, including myoclonus and focal neurologic deficits. The diagnosis of SSPE was confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yujin Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Junhun Cho, Darae Kim, Chul Won Jung
Summary: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), a multi-systemic disease with unclear pathogenesis, is treated with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α). However, the use of ropegylated-interferon α-2b (ROPEG-IFN-α 2b) for ECD patients has limited data. We report two cases of severe ECD treated with PEG-IFN-α 2a and ROPEG-IFN-α 2b, respectively. Both types of PEG-IFN-α showed excellent disease control, survival outcomes, and manageable toxicities, suggesting the equivalent use of ROPEG-IFN-α 2b for advanced ECD management.
CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pietro Paolo Sanna, Yu Fu, Eliezer Masliah, Celine Lefebvre, Vez Repunte-Canonigo
Summary: The study revealed that brain HIV RNA load is associated with inflammation, neuronal injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which impact neuropsychological function. Potential therapeutic targets may include regulating inflammation, improving neuronal function, and restoring mitochondrial function.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brendan Monogue, Yixi Chen, Hadrian Sparks, Ranya Behbehani, Andrew Chai, Alexander J. Rajic, Aaron Massey, B. K. Kleinschmidt-Demasters, Matthieu Vermeren, Tilo Kunath, J. David Beckham
Summary: The normal function of alpha-synuclein in neurons is not clearly defined. This study found that alpha-synuclein functions in neurons to support immune signaling by co-localizing to the nucleus with interferon signaling proteins following interferon stimulation.
