Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenghao Guo, Yadi Zhang, Shimin Shuai, Abire Sigbessia, Shaohua Hao, Peng Xie, Xu Jiang, Zhuojuan Luo, Chengqi Lin
Summary: In this study, it was found that the regulator SPT5 undergoes phase transition during pause release and is required for gene activation. The super elongation complex (SEC) induces the transition of SPT5 into elongation droplets during early elongation. Mutations in SEC impair the phase properties of elongation droplets and transcription. These findings suggest that SEC-mediated SPT5 phase transition is essential for pause release and early elongation, and aberrant phase properties may contribute to transcription abnormalities in diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amr Elghondakly, Chih Hao Wu, Steven Klupt, Jonathan Goodson, Wade C. Winkler
Summary: Bacterial NusG interacts with RNA polymerase through its N-terminal domain, and its C-terminal domain forms dynamic interactions with various factors to affect transcription elongation. LoaP binds to a small RNA hairpin in the 50 leader region of its target operons with high affinity and specificity, expanding the repertoire of macromolecular interactions exhibited by NusG.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dawid Owsian, Julita Gruchota, Olivier Arnaiz, Jacek K. Nowak
Summary: The study investigates the role of the Spt4-Spt5 complex in non-coding transcription and genome rearrangements using Paramecium tetraurelia as a model organism. The results show that Spt4 is essential for the expression of the germline genome and necessary for developmental genome rearrangements. Silencing of SPT4 genes leads to the absence of double-stranded ncRNAs and reduced levels of scnRNAs. Additionally, a germline-specific Spt4-Spt5m complex is found to be necessary for the transfer of the scnRNA-binding PIWI protein between the germline and somatic nucleus.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nova Fong, Ryan M. Sheridan, Srinivas Ramachandran, David L. Bentley
Summary: The pause-release model of transcription proposes that RNA Pol II pauses around 40-100 bases from the start site, followed by release into productive elongation. This pause release is facilitated by the PTEFb phosphorylation of the RNA Pol II elongation factor, Spt5. Researchers mapped paused polymerases using eNET-seq and found that pausing frequently occurs within gene regions even when PTEFb is inhibited. The fraction of paused polymerases gradually declines over several kb, contrary to the predicted abrupt decline for a discrete pause-release event. Spt5 depletion extends pausing zones and promotes the maturation of elongation complexes to a low-pausing state. Mutations in the CTR1 domain diminish pausing throughout genes when they mimic phosphorylation, while phosphorylation-preventing mutations in the Spt5 RNA-binding domain strengthen pausing. Hence, different Spt5 phospho-isoforms regulate the balance between pausing and elongation.
Article
Economics
Francisco J. Delgado, Jaume Freire-Gonzalez, Maria J. Presno
Summary: This paper examines the convergence of environmental taxation in the EU from 1995 to 2016, and finds a high degree of convergence in this area.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND POLICY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Maylis de la Serve, Paul Rebischung, Xavier Collilieux, Zuheir Altamimi, Laurent Metivier
Summary: The time evolution of station positions in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) has historically been described by linear models. However, these models fail to capture all surface deformations, and considering additional aperiodic ground deformations in the reference frame could improve the description of the Earth's shape. Applying co-motion constraints to aperiodic displacements raises questions due to technique-specific errors in station position time series.
JOURNAL OF GEODESY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
I. G. Stuart, B. G. Fanson, J. P. Lyon, J. Stocks, S. Brooks, A. Norris, L. Thwaites, M. Beitzel, M. Hutchison, Q. Ye, J. D. Koehn, A. F. Bennett
Summary: Research on carp populations in Australia provides vital information for control measures, with the eastern region of Australia being the key distribution area, making control measures crucial.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaohong Kou, Xiaoyang Zhao, Bingda Wu, Chao Wang, Caie Wu, Sen Yang, Jiaqian Zhou, Zhaohui Xue
Summary: Auxin response factors (ARFs) are a crucial family of transcription factors that play a key role in regulating the growth and development of various plant organs such as leaves, flowers, roots, and fruits. This review article summarizes recent research on ARFs and highlights their involvement in key life processes. It emphasizes the need to deepen our understanding of ARF interactions with other proteins or genes and suggests using technical tools to solve practical problems. The article also discusses the potential of improving the nutrition and functionality of plant-derived foods through gene editing and other means.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
C. Wilke, N. J. Lahiff, G. Badihi, E. Donnellan, C. Hobaiter, Z. P. Machanda, R. Mundry, S. Pika, A. Soldati, R. W. Wrangham, K. Zuberbuhler, K. E. Slocombe
Summary: This study compares the use of exaggerated loud scratches (ELSs) in a referential manner across four wild communities of eastern chimpanzees. The results show that ELSs are more likely to result in grooming at Ngogo community compared to the other three sites, suggesting different signal functions depending on the social context. Further exploration in the Kanyawara community reveals ELSs are used to initiate grooming and reengage partners during grooming pauses.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Lubica Hola
Summary: The article demonstrates various conclusions about quasicontinuous functions and measurability, including the existence of non-Borel measurable functions in different types of topological spaces, and the relationship between Borel measurability and quasicontinuity under certain new conditions.
RESULTS IN MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiajun Liu, Wanrong Jie, Xi'an Shi, Yanfeng Ding, Chengqiang Ding
Summary: The SPT4/SPT5 complex, a transcription elongation factor, is crucial for both vegetative and reproductive growth in rice. OsSPT5-1, along with its interactor APO2, plays a role in multiple phytohormone pathways. These findings highlight the importance of the SPT4/SPT5 complex in developmental regulation in rice.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zaily Connell, Timothy J. Parnell, Laura L. McCullough, Christopher P. Hill, Tim Formosa
Summary: The conserved transcription elongation factor Spt6 plays crucial roles in both gene-specific and genome-wide regulation, contributing to coordination between RNAPII and its accessory factors. It modulates various processes including transcription initiation, splicing efficiency, chromatin-mediated repression, and nucleosome maintenance.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yun Chen, Marco Colonna
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the activation of microglia in response to amyloid beta peptides and tau aggregates, leading to the conversion of homeostatic microglia into disease-associated microglia. Different populations of reactive microglia have been identified, suggesting that microglia play a critical role in disease progression. Further research into the impact of microglia in AD pathogenesis is needed to better understand the parallels and discrepancies between human and mouse models.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
International Relations
Frederic Megret
Summary: The privatization of traditionally sovereign functions has raised concerns among international lawyers, who have sought to address the consequences and ensure state accountability for outsourcing. However, international law has been somewhat ambiguous on the legality of privatization. This article discusses the radical possibility that certain state functions could be inherently sovereign under international law, despite historical patterns of private exercise and international law's role in legitimizing privatization.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zeynab Najafova, Peng Liu, Florian Wegwitz, Mubashir Ahmad, Liezel Tamon, Robyn Laura Kosinsky, Wanhua Xie, Steven A. Johnsen, Jan Tuckermann
Summary: The role of RNF40-mediated H2B monoubiquitination in bone formation and remodeling is crucial, as shown by the study. Loss of RNF40 affects osteoblast differentiation stage-dependently and results in impaired bone formation but increased bone mass due to disrupted bone cell crosstalk. The mechanism involves modulation of RANKL expression in osteoblasts, impacting osteoclast number and function.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanyuan Leng, Christopher A. Vakulskas, Tesfalem R. Zere, Bradley S. Pickering, Paula I. Watnick, Paul Babitzke, Tony Romeo
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Microbiology
Archana Pannuri, Christopher A. Vakulskas, Tesfalem Zere, Louise C. McGibbon, Adrianne N. Edwards, Dimitris Georgellis, Paul Babitzke, Tony Romeo
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Microbiology
Smarajit Mondal, Alexander V. Yakhnin, Aswathy Sebastian, Istvan Albert, Paul Babitzke
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Microbiology
Helen Yakhnin, Robert Aichele, Sarah E. Ades, Tony Romeo, Paul Babitzke
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Microbiology
Smarajit Mondal, Alexander V. Yakhnin, Paul Babitzke
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2017)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Paul Babitzke, Michael O'Connor
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Mitchell, Laura E. Ritchey, Hongmarn Park, Paul Babitzke, Sarah M. Assmann, Philip C. Bevilacqua
Article
Microbiology
Hongmarn Park, Louise C. McGibbon, Anastasia H. Potts, Helen Yakhnin, Tony Romeo, Paul Babitzke
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anastasia H. Potts, Christopher A. Vakulskas, Archana Pannuri, Helen Yakhnin, Paul Babitzke, Tony Romeo
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anastasia H. Potts, Yuanyuan Leng, Paul Babitzke, Tony Romeo
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Mitchell, Andrew J. Renda, Catherine A. Douds, Paul Babitzke, Sarah M. Assmann, Philip C. Bevilacqua
Review
Microbiology
Paul Babitzke, Ying-Jung Lai, Andrew J. Renda, Tony Romeo
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 73
(2019)
Article
Microbiology
Christine Pourciau, Archana Pannuri, Anastasia Potts, Helen Yakhnin, Paul Babitzke, Tony Romeo
Article
Microbiology
Helen Yakhnin, Alexander V. Yakhnin, Brandon L. Mouery, Zachary F. Mandell, Catherine Karbasiafshar, Mikhail Kashlev, Paul Babitzke
Article
Microbiology
Tony Romeo, Paul Babitzke
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2018)