Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manasi Kelkar, Pierre Bohec, Matthew B. Smith, Varun Sreenivasan, Ana Lisica, Leo Valon, Emma Ferber, Buzz Baum, Guillaume Salbreux, Guillaume Charras
Summary: Proper orientation of the mitotic spindle is essential for embryo development, tissue development, and maintenance of tissue integrity and homeostasis in adults. This study used optogenetics and computational modeling to investigate how mitotic spindles respond to inhomogeneous tension within the actomyosin cortex. The results showed that the activation of RhoA at both poles of the cell influences spindle orientation by reducing pulling forces exerted by cortical regulators on astral microtubules. This perturbation of torque balance leads to spindle rotation in response to mechanical stress.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Emmanuel T. Nsamba, Abesh Bera, Michael Costanzo, Charles Boone, Mohan L. Gupta
Summary: Different α-tubulin isotypes play distinct roles in recruiting spindle positioning mechanisms, optimizing spindle positioning in cells. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the function of tubulin isotypes in diverse cellular processes.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Signe E. J. Hansen, Anette Varbo, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Anne Langsted
Summary: High plasma triglycerides are a risk factor for diseases and premature death. Severe elevation of plasma triglycerides can cause acute pancreatitis, but mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia may also indicate future risk. Current guidelines do not address this issue, but potential treatments targeting triglyceride-lowering enzymes may offer prevention options.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Stanislau Yatskevich, Jessie S. Kroonen, Claudio Alfieri, Thomas Tischer, Anna C. Howes, Linda Clijsters, Jing Yang, Ziguo Zhang, Kaige Yan, Alfred C. O. Vertegaal, David Barford
Summary: SUMOylation of the APC/C rearranges the structure of the WHB domain of the cullin subunit, leading to reduced affinity of APC/C-Cdc20 for the mitotic checkpoint complex and allowing for more efficient ubiquitination of substrates in the presence of the MCC, contributing to timely anaphase onset.
Article
Cell Biology
Anchi S. Chann, Ye Chen, Tanja Kinwel, Patrick O. Humbert, Sarah M. Russell
Summary: The regulation of daughter cell positioning involves the cooperation of polarity protein Scribble and E-cadherin. Scribble stabilizes E-cadherin and mediates spindle orientation, and then relocates to facilitate the formation of a new E-cadherin-based interface between the daughters, influencing cell positioning.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Kruno Vukusic, Iva M. Tolic
Summary: This passage discusses the mechanisms of spindle elongation during anaphase B in mitosis, focusing on the core aspects of the process and the roles of anaphase A and B in physically separating sister chromatids.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alexandre Thomas, Emmanuel Gallaud, Aude Pascal, Laurence Serre, Isabelle Arnal, Laurent Richard-Parpaillon, Matthew Scott Savoian, Regis Giet
Summary: During neuroblast division, asymmetric positioning of the cleavage furrow is achieved through the regulation of centralspindlin, with different pools of centralspindlin competing to determine the final furrow position and cell size asymmetry. Loss of the cortical centralspindlin pool leads to enhanced signaling at the midzone, resulting in furrow repositioning and decreased size asymmetry in neuroblasts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Xie, Javad Najafi, Remi Le Borgne, Jean-Marc Verbavatz, Catherine Durieu, Jeremy Salle, Nicolas Minc
Summary: Cells are filled with macromolecules and polymer networks that provide viscous and elastic properties to the cytoplasm. Using magnetic tweezers, researchers found that the cytoplasm can exert reactive forces to move organelles back to their original positions. These findings have important implications for cell division positioning and cellular organization.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Flora Crozet, Christelle Da Silva, Marie-Helene Verlhac, Marie-Emilie Terret
Summary: Research shows that in mammalian oocytes, F-actin does not require myosin-X to transmit forces to the spindle, which differs from most mitotic cells.
Review
Cell Biology
Tao Zhong, Xiaoxiao Gongye, Minglei Wang, Jinming Yu
Summary: Proper spindle orientation is crucial for cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. Various factors, including geometric, internal and external cues, regulate spindle orientation and abnormalities in these factors can lead to defects in organ functions and severe diseases. Establishing a precise model to elucidate the effects of spindle orientation alone could significantly enhance our understanding of this complex event.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Maya I. Anjur-Dietrich, Colm P. Kelleher, Daniel J. Needleman
Summary: Chromosome segregation, driven by the spindle, is a crucial process in cell division. Extensive research on spindles in different systems over the past 150 years has revealed commonalities and contrasts. Understanding the sites of force generation and fundamental mechanical principles of chromosome segregation is essential, as conserved sites of force generation may interact differently in different spindles, leading to distinct mechanical mechanisms. Combining biophysical experiments, coarse-grained theories, and evolutionary genetics can enhance our understanding of chromosome segregation in the future.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Debasmita Ghosh, Frederic Rosu, Valerie Gabelica
Summary: In ion mobility mass spectrometry, using supercharging agents can lead to higher charge states of nucleic acids under negative charging, with some agents causing unwanted unfolding of nucleic acid structures. The mechanism of supercharging agents resembles the effect of lowering ionic strength on solution folds.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Tomomi Kiyomitsu, Susan Boerner
Summary: The NuMA protein, highly conserved in vertebrates, plays critical roles in nuclear formation, spindle assembly, and spindle positioning. It interacts with various factors and self-assembles into high-ordered structures to achieve its functions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
William Park, Heebum Chun, Phuc Nguyen, Chabum Lee
Summary: This paper presents a novel positioning feedback sensor using a pair of Hall effect elements on a long-range flexure stage. The proposed sensor eliminates error and uncertainty by measuring the center of the flexure stage, achieving high sensitivity and linearity. The sensor uses differential amplification of the Hall effect elements to mitigate non-linearity and has been characterized through dynamic system identification.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anastasios Siokis, Philippe A. Robert, Philippos Demetriou, Audun Kvalvaag, Salvatore Valvo, Viveka Mayya, Michael L. Dustin, Michael Meyer-Hermann
Summary: The study revealed molecular reorganization of the adhesion and costimulatory molecule CD2 of the sIGSF family during immunological synapse formation, resulting in the formation of microdomains around an integrin ring and secretory core. Computer simulations showed that attractive forces between CD2 and CD28 complexes play a role in relocating CD28 from the center of the immunological synapse to the corolla, with size-based sorting interactions explaining the "petals" of the corolla. This establishes a general simulation framework for complex pattern formation observed at cell-bilayer and cell-cell interfaces, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets for manipulating characteristic pattern formation.
