Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caspar Glock, Anne Biever, Georgi Tushev, Belquis Nassim-Assir, Allison Kao, Ina Bartnik, Susanne Tom Dieck, Erin M. Schuman
Summary: Neurons continuously remodel their proteomes to maintain synaptic proteins, with local translation playing a significant role in this process. Differences in RNA abundance explain most translational changes between cell body and synaptic regions, suggesting the importance of on-site translational control in regulating synaptic strength.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Julio D. Perez, Claudia M. Fusco, Erin M. Schuman
Summary: Neurons have complex morphology with subcellular compartments such as dendrites, axons, and synapses. They express a diverse range of gene products to sustain these compartments and carry out various operations. mRNA translation is a key mechanism used by neurons for regulating protein expression, and the relationship between mRNA and protein varies significantly among different gene groups.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 55
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Steffen Gonda, Christian Riedel, Andreas Reiner, Ina Koehler, Petra Wahle
Summary: Neuronal differentiation is regulated by neuronal activity. The dendrites and axons of BCs and non-BCs were analyzed, and it was found that AcDs were the most complex dendrites in both cell types. The configuration of AcDs influenced the development of BC axons, while non-BCs' axons did not respond to the AcD configuration. The results suggest that the formation of dense BC plexuses is regulated by spontaneous activity and the growth of AcDs and their axons mutually support each other.
Article
Neurosciences
Remi Fournel, Margaret L. Veruki, Espen Hartveit
Summary: Bipolar cells in the retina transmit signals from photoreceptors, with different types of cone bipolar cells coding and transmitting different features of visual stimuli. The differential synaptic connectivity and ion channel expression are important mechanisms for processing and filtering visual signals.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lily G. Fogg, Fabio Cortesi, Camille Gache, David Lecchini, N. Justin Marshall, Fanny de Busserolles
Summary: This study investigated the effects of short-term exposure to unnatural light conditions on the retina of juvenile and adult convict surgeonfish. The results showed phenotypic plasticity in the retina, with the most significant changes observed under constant dim light.
Article
Neurosciences
Natasha Sukhanov, Anya Vainshtein, Yael Eshed-Eisenbach, Elior Peles
Summary: Cell adhesion proteins of the Cadm family play a crucial role in myelination and axonal organization. The study reveals that Cadm3 is the main axonal ligand for glial Cadm4, and the combined action of Cadm2 and Cadm1 can compensate for its absence. Genetic ablation of all three Cadm genes phenocopies the abnormalities detected in the absence of Cadm4, indicating their interplay in regulating myelination and axonal organization.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Samantha M. Bonifas, Sarah S. Bouchard
Summary: The study demonstrates that tadpoles reared in favorable conditions initially maintain a growth advantage even if resource levels decline. The silver spoon effects and compensatory growth were confirmed in the American Toad.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Melissa M. Schreiner, Miranda R. Yourick, Scott A. Juntti, Karen L. Carleton
Summary: Cichlid fishes exhibit variation in visual sensitivities through differential expression of cone opsin genes. A. burtoni show a single cone progression from ultraviolet to blue sensitivity during development, while maintaining stable long wavelength double cones. Thyroid hormone and light environment play a role in driving these shifts.
Editorial Material
Ophthalmology
Kaat Peperstraete, Myriam Baes, Danielle Swinkels
Summary: Using cell type-specific knockout mice has been a valuable tool for studying the role of genes in specific cells and understanding disease mechanisms. In this study, multiple transgenic mouse models with global or cell type-specific deletion of MFP2 were generated and phenotyped to investigate its association with retinopathy. Unexpectedly, the L7Cre-2 mouse model did not show the expected specificity in generating rod bipolar cell specific knockout mice. Instead, the authors suggest using the independently generated BAC-L7-IRES-Cre mouse line for this purpose.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Oliver Vocking, Jakub K. Famulski
Summary: Within a short period of time, single cell transcriptome analyses have become widely used in transcriptomic research to uncover detailed information and enhance our molecular understanding of biological processes. The use of zebrafish as a model organism for single cell transcriptome analyses has advantages in eye research, such as similarities to the human eye and the ability to collect sufficient numbers of developing cells. The practicality of zebrafish as a model organism, combined with efficient genetic knockout methods, offers great potential for deepening our molecular understanding of various organ systems.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Akihiro Matsumoto, Weaam Agbariah, Stella Solveig Nolte, Rawan Andrawos, Hadara Levi, Shai Sabbah, Keisuke Yonehara
Summary: Through two-photon glutamate imaging, it was discovered that direction selectivity arises early at bipolar cell outputs, with individual bipolar cells containing distinct populations of axon terminal boutons with different preferred directions. Tuning at these boutons relies on cholinergic excitation and GABAergic inhibition, contributing to the incremental refinement of directional tuning in the excitatory visual pathway.
Article
Cell Biology
Takae Kiyama, Ching-Kang Chen, Annie Zhang, Chai-An Mao
Summary: Research has found that defective mitochondrial biogenesis leads to a slow, progressive degeneration of different retinal neurons, with varying sensitivity to the loss of Nrf1. This is likely due to differences in energy demand, utilization, and tolerance to mitochondrial defects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Cheng, Salwan Butrus, Liming Tan, Runzhe Xu, Srikant Sagireddy, Joshua T. Trachtenberg, Karthik Shekhar, S. Lawrence Zipursky
Summary: This study explores the role of postnatal experience in shaping cortical circuitry at the level of cell types in the mouse primary visual cortex. The findings suggest that vision selectively drives the development of upper-layer glutamatergic cell types, while deeper-layer cell types are established prior to eye opening. Furthermore, vision also influences the formation of a spatial continuum of L2/3 cell types through the regulation of specific gene expression programs. One of these vision-dependent genes, Igsf9b, is crucial for the normal development of binocular responses in L2/3.
Article
Neurosciences
Lawrence L. H. Man, Samuel S. Storey, Gabriel E. Bertolesi, Sarah Mcfarlane
Summary: This study investigated the expression, development, and light activation of neuropsin proteins in the retinas of Xenopus laevis and compared the findings with other species. The results showed that neuropsin proteins were expressed in various retinal cell types at different stages of development, and many of these cells responded to light stimulation by expressing c-fos mRNA.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nicholas Owen, Maria Toms, Yuan Tian, Lyes Toualbi, Rose Richardson, Rodrigo Young, Dhani Tracey-White, Pawan Dhami, Stephan Beck, Mariya Moosajee
Summary: The oko meduzy (m289/m289) (crb2a(-/-)) zebrafish and CRB1 patient-derived retinal organoids showed delayed retinal cell specification, dysfunction in cell cycle modulation, and epigenetic transcriptional control. Differential DNA methylation analysis revealed novel hypermethylated pathways involving biological adhesion, Hippo, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signalling. Integration of gene expression and DNA methylation using functional epigenetic modules revealed six key modules involving cell cycle control and disturbance of TGF-beta, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Hippo, and SMAD protein signal transduction pathways.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert E. Johnson, Nai-Wen Tien, Ning Shen, James T. Pearson, Florentina Soto, Daniel Kerschensteiner
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Florentina Soto, Kelly L. Watkins, Robert E. Johnson, Frank Schottler, Daniel Kerschensteiner
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2013)
Article
Biology
Caroline Lei Wee, Erin Yue Song, Robert Evan Johnson, Deepak Ailani, Owen Randlett, Ji-Yoon Kim, Maxim Nikitchenko, Armin Bahl, Chao-Tsung Yang, Misha B. Ahrens, Koichi Kawakami, Florian Engert, Sam Kunes