Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meiqi Hu, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: A microstructure model based on fully thermo-mechanical coupling behavior of 3-D braided composites has been proposed for characterizing multiple transverse impact damage. The model incorporates interfacial contact and cohesive debonding, as well as ductile and shear damage, along with thermo-mechanical coupling constitutive equations. Adiabatic temperature rise and interfacial damage are concentrated on the impact surface with local plastic deformation, caused by the heat energy generated in impact interaction leading to thermal expansion of epoxy resin and extra internal stress. Comparisons between braided preforms with and without axial yarns show that axial yarns improve heat energy absorption and impact damage tolerances, while impeding impact damage growth.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: This study investigates the ballistic impact on Kevlar multilayer three-dimensional angle-interlock woven fabric (3DAWF) using a mesoscale geometrical model for numerical simulation. The results show that numerical simulations with strain rate effects in the yarn material properties accurately reproduce the ballistic test results and provide a more precise prediction in projectile's velocity, energy absorption mechanism, and failure morphology compared to traditional FEA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Feng Xu, Jing Long, Yousong Xue, Yuanyuan Wu, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This paper investigates the impact compression behaviors of 3D angle-interlock woven composites (3DAWC) before and after thermo-oxidative ageing. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites, including maximum stress and modulus, decrease with increasing ageing time. This degradation is caused by the degradation of epoxy resin and interface debonding. Finite element analysis reveals that ageing interfacial damage changes the crack propagation path during impact compression.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Witold Ogierman
Summary: This study presents a time-efficient and accurate method for estimating the effective nonlinear behavior of composites reinforced with misaligned short fibers. By combining a two-stage hybrid homogenization method with a novel formulation of the pseudo-grain discretization method, the proposed approach provides accurate results in both linear elastic and elastic-plastic regimes. The accuracy of the method has been verified through comparisons with reference solutions obtained using established analytical and numerical methods.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Xingteng Zhang, Qianyu Zhang, Ruosi Yan, Zhigang Qin
Summary: This study reveals the impact of shear thickening fluid impregnated with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composites on ballistic impact through fluid-structure interaction simulation. The findings show that STF treatment has a positive effect on the impact resistance of fabrics.
Article
Mechanics
Yanan Ke, Shuwei Huang, Jinhui Guo, Chaofeng Han, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study examines the effects of thermo-oxidative aging on the mechanical properties of 3-D angle-interlock woven composites, revealing a decrease in mechanical performance, earlier onset of interface damage, and a reduction in surface strain and Poisson's ratio with aging. A finite element model was utilized to explore the mechanisms of mechanical degradation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
S. L. J. Millen, M. Dahale, T. Fisher, A. Samy, K. Thompson, K. Ramaswamy, C. Ralph, E. Archer, A. McIlhagger, Z. Ullah, B. G. Falzon
Summary: A novel finite element modelling approach is proposed to simulate the LVI and CAI response of 3D woven carbon/epoxy composites. The binder reinforcement is modelled with an elliptical cross-section accounting for compaction, which leads to accurate predictions of damage area and CAI strength. Experimental results show good agreement with the predictions.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Junshuo Zhang, Yu Wang, Huaxia Deng, Jianyu Zhou, Shuai Liu, Jianpeng Wu, Min Sang, Xinglong Gong
Summary: The study showed that increasing the concentration of shear thickening fluid (STF) in the composite structure can improve anti-impact and energy absorption properties. Additionally, the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to STF resulted in the preparation of C-STF/Ecoflex, which had impact sensing function and could be used in multifunctional wearable devices with anti-impact properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jie Mei, Jiayi Liu, Mangong Zhang, Wei Huang
Summary: Fiber reinforced composite sandwich structures are widely used in reducing the weight of high-speed aircrafts. This study investigates the ballistic impact resistance of a composite sandwich panel with fiber reinforced X-frame cores through projectile impact tests and numerical simulations. The experimental results indicate that filling foams can increase the structural ballistic limit velocity and energy absorbing amount. The numerical results show that the kinetic energy dissipated by the X-frame core accounts for over 50% of the total.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Junshuo Zhang, Yu Wang, Jianyu Zhou, Chunyu Zhao, Yuxuan Wu, Shuai Liu, Xinglong Gong
Summary: This study found that impact speed and constraint conditions affect the relative intralayer interfacial sliding rate among yarns, thereby influencing the rheological state of STF and the anti-impact performance of fabric. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed for the relationship between projectile velocity and fabric kinetic energy under strong constraints, providing design ideas for body armor with high protective performance.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kwonhwan Ko, Sangmin Lee, Young Kwang Hwang, Suyeong Jin, Jung-Wuk Hong
Summary: In this study, an optimized design of a nacre-like structure is proposed using a combination of parametric study, 3D printing, mechanical testing, and numerical analysis. The design parameters are determined through the parametric study and specimens are fabricated using 3D printing technology. The impact resistance of the design is thoroughly analyzed using drop-weight impact tests and validated through finite element simulations. This study has the potential to promote the application of biomimetic composites in various industrial fields.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jagan Selvaraj, Luiz F. Kawashita, Mehdi Yasaee, Gordon Kalwak, Stephen R. Hallett
Summary: A novel cohesive element formulation is proposed for modelling composite delamination, offering increased stability and requiring fewer elements. This new formulation combines nodal rotations and multiple integration points to improve the accuracy of delamination propagation simulation.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Johann Koerbelin, Nilas Junge, Bodo Fiedler
Summary: The study implemented temperature-dependent material properties into a continuum-damage-based (CDM) model to describe the progressive failure of CFRP under temperature influence. Simulation results showed that the model accurately represented the damage from low-velocity impact at different temperatures and impact energies, and that increased interlaminar ERR did not reduce delamination size but affected intralaminar damage and overall structural response. Compression after impact (CAI) simulations aligned well with experimental data, highlighting the importance of temperature in residual strength over impact energy. The proposed approach and model can predict CFRP behavior under temperature influence and complex load cases.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Haoxian Zeng, Xiaogang Chen, Yanfei Yang
Summary: The study shows that the combined sections of three-dimensional networked fabric play a crucial role in enhancing energy absorption and interaction between yarns during ballistic impact. This improvement in design engineering offers a new approach to developing soft fabrics for better ballistic performance.
APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Anthoni Giam, William Toh, Vincent Beng Chye Tan
Summary: This study investigates the structural response and damage propagation of glass-fiber reinforced epoxy pipes under low-velocity impacts. The results show that the structural response can be well predicted at higher impact energies, and there is a significant change in damage type and propagation with increasing impact energies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhi-yong Li, You-song Xue, Bao-zhong Sun, Bo-hong Gu
Summary: This study reports the ballistic impact damage of plain-woven laminates with different hybrid structures and stacking sequences. Experimental and finite element analysis results show that UHMWPE/Kevlar hybrid laminates with Kevlar layers as the front face have the highest energy absorption capacity.
DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Wei Huang, Yousong Xue, Lingming Xue, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun, Wei Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the electrical responses and electrical-mechanical behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites with different braiding angles under three-point bending load. The correlation between electrical resistance and damage of the composites is also examined. A proposed electrical-mechanical model based on the Weibull distribution function is found to validate the experimental results, providing a theoretical basis for structural health monitoring of three-dimensional braided composites using the electrical resistance change method.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Wenjing Cao, Yuanyuan Wu, Bohong Gu
Summary: Impact damage distribution is crucial for designing composite structures with high-impact damage tolerances. In this study, the initiation, evolution, and distribution of impact damage in woven composites were investigated. The woven structure was found to greatly influence the damage propagation and the distribution of strain and stress. The high strength and straight arrangement of the weft yarn contributed to its high deformation resistance, large stress value, and wide stress distribution. On the other hand, the crimp of the warp yarn limited the stress distribution, leading to stress and damage concentration.
APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Feng Xu, Jing Long, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of thermo-oxidative aging on the strain rate sensitivity and compression failure mechanism of three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composites (3DAWCs) using digital image correlation technique and finite element analysis. The results demonstrate that the strain rate sensitivity of 3DAWCs decreases after thermo-oxidative aging. The aging effect also influences the damage initiation and strain localization behavior.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yuanyuan Wu, Jinhui Guo, Limeng Xun, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study reports the anisotropic low-velocity impact behaviors of 3D braided carbon fiber/epoxy composites after thermo-oxidative aging. The findings show that the loading in the out-of-plane direction has better resistance to aging degradation and more sensitive stiffness degradation.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jing Long, Feng Xu, Yuanyuan Wu, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: The mechanical behaviors of thermo-oxidative aged 3D braided composites are influenced by matrix degradation and crack evolution. The study investigates the degradation behaviors, crack propagations, and mechanical reduction mechanisms of three-dimensional five-directional (3D5d) braided composites under thermal oxygen coupling environment. The aging behaviors in a pure thermal environment were also analyzed for comparison. The results show that the presence of oxygen accelerates crack initiation and propagation, leading to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Shuwei Huang, Junjie Zhang, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: Thermal stress concentration, caused by the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion, plays a significant role in the fatigue and failure of composites. We demonstrated the practicality of fiber Bragg grating sensors and high-resolution digital image correlation technique for in-situ characterization of thermal strain field evolution in 3D angle-interlocked woven composites. Our study found that the CTE mismatch leads to stress localization at the interface and exhibits a periodic distribution within the 3DAWC. The thermal stress in the resin reaches a maximum of 22 MPa around Tg, close to half of its yield stress.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Dandan Fang, Jianhua Yan, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: The impact and flexural properties of 3D five-directional braided carbon/glass hybrid epoxy composites were investigated. Different arrangements of carbon fiber and glass fiber in the axial yarn were examined, and it was found that the C/G(2) composite had higher impact energy absorption capacity, while the C/G(1) composite showed higher impact stress. The flexural properties of the C/C-a composite were the best, while the C/G(3) composite exhibited the poorest performance before impact. This study provides guidance for the structural design of composites in specific applications.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Juan Fang, Junjie Zhang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: The mode I fracture behavior of three-dimensional braided carbon fiber/epoxy composites was investigated using the double-cantilever beam method. The effects of different loading rates on fracture behavior were compared. It was found that the braiding yarns prevent crack initiation and propagation, while the braiding structure causes crack bifurcation. The results show that the three-dimensional braided structure is effective in increasing fracture toughness.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Xinyu Gao, Qihang Wang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu, Meiqi Hu
Summary: In this study, a new method for preparing the three-way integrated braided preform was reported. The compressive behaviors of the three-way braided composite tubes were tested to reveal the effects of the braided structure. It was found that reducing branch length or increasing braiding layers can improve the compressive strength and initial stiffness. The main damage mechanisms observed were yarn breakage, yarn debonding, and kink band. The uniform braided structure paves the way for the formation of a seamless braided structure with high compressive strength among the three branch tubes.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Limeng Xun, Shuwei Huang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study reports the initiation and development of torsional cracks in carbon-fiber 3D braided composite tubes. 3D digital image correlation and micro-CT techniques were used to observe the crack distribution and reveal the correlation with the braided structure. The study found that the torsional damage propagates along the helix of braided bundles and inhibits in the vertical direction within repeated braid units.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Zhiyong Li, Yousong Xue, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigated the penetration behavior of hybrid carbon/Kevlar/UHMWPE fiber laminated composites and revealed their complex failure mechanisms. Finite element modeling was used to predict the impact-induced damages for the hybrid composites. The results showed that the energy absorption capability of the hybrid laminates can be improved by 16.4%.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Feng Xu, Jing Long, Shuwei Huang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study developed a coupled thermo-chemical-mechanical multiphysics model to simulate the thermo-oxidative ageing process of 3D angle-interlock woven composites. The model considers the residual stress state of the composite after curing and successfully predicts the oxidized layer distribution and interface cracks in agreement with experimental results. This model contributes to evaluating the complex stress and interface damage during thermo-oxidative ageing.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jing Long, Feng Xu, Shuwei Huang, Tianwei Wu, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of ageing cracks and loading directions on the mechanical behaviors of thermo-oxidative aged 3D braided composites. X-ray micro-computed tomography and digital image correlation technique are used to analyze ageing crack propagations, compressive responses, in-situ strain evolutions, full-field damage distributions, and crack evolution mechanisms. The results reveal ageing weakening behaviors, anisotropy effects, and structure correlations. Ageing cracks affect surface strain and damage distributions but not internal shear modes during out-of-plane (OP) loading. The synergy between ageing cracks and in-plane (IP) loading is greater than that with OP loading. This work provides important guidance for the structural optimization and durability design of 3D braided composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhiyong Li, Yousong Xue, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: Fiber hybrid is a promising strategy for improving the ballistic penetration behaviors of fiber-reinforced laminated composites. This study investigates the effect of hybridization ratios on the ballistic impact damage of carbon/Kevlar/UHMWPE hybrid laminates. The results provide important theoretical basis and experimental reference for designing and developing hard multiphase anti-impact composite structures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
