Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Eelke Spaak, Marius V. Peelen, Floris P. de Lange
Summary: According to predictive-processing theory, visual scene context may result in reduced processing of congruent objects. Through experiments, we found clear evidence for impaired perception of congruent objects in scenes, which was related to independent subjective ratings. These results support predictive-processing theory.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Joey Ka-Yee Essoe, Nicco Reggente, Ai Aileen Ohno, Younji Hera Baek, John Dell'Italia, Jesse Rissman
Summary: Memory is context-dependent and virtual reality can be used to optimize learning and improve recall performance.
NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Devyn E. Smith, Isabelle L. Moore, Nicole M. Long
Summary: This study identifies brain states using scalp EEG from male and female human subjects and shows the extent to which temporal overlap promotes interference and induces retrieval. Greater temporal overlap leads to impaired memory for the past event selectively when the top-down goal is to encode the present event. Additionally, greater temporal overlap leads to automatic retrieval of a past event, independent of top-down goals. These findings provide insight into the role of temporal overlap on interference and memory formation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Facundo Morici, Noelia Victoria Weisstaub, Camila Lidia Zold
Summary: Remembering life episodes is a complex process that requires interaction among multiple brain areas. The hippocampus activates the medial prefrontal cortex to trigger the recall of past events. Electrophysiological recordings showed increased synchronization between the ventral hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex during exploration of contextually mismatched objects.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sydney Trask, Fred J. Helmstetter
Summary: The rat retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays a critical role in learning and memory. This study provides evidence that inhibition of cells in the posterior RSC during pre-exposure to a training context reduces behavioral responding during subsequent memory tests. Inhibition of either anterior or posterior RSC during shock delivery impairs memory, and inhibiting cellular activity in the posterior RSC during memory retrieval reduces responding. These findings demonstrate the importance of the posterior RSC in memory formation, retrieval, and expression of contextual information.
Article
Communication
Yi. Liao, Dallin R. Adams, Helen M. Lillie, Jakob D. Jensen
Summary: The study found that situating the advocated behavior in an incongruent context can effectively persuade audiences in information-saturated environments. This strategy can increase behavioral intentions through increased attention, novelty, and memorability.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Regine Bader, Luca Tarantini, Axel Mecklinger
Summary: In event-related potential studies, the FN400 has been associated with familiarity-based recognition, characterized by more positive waveforms for old items compared to new items between 300-500 ms post-stimulus, primarily at frontal electrodes. This study aimed to investigate whether the FN400 reflects the attribution of unexpected processing fluency to familiarity. The findings support the view that the FN400 occurs when fluency is attributed to familiarity during a recognition decision.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Felipe Figueredo Savi, Alexandre de Oliveira, Gabriela Ferreira de Medeiros, Fernando Augusto Bozza, Monique Michels, Tarek Sharshar, Felipe Dal-Pizzol, Cristiane Ritter
Summary: This review explored behavioral tools and tests used to evaluate cognitive dysfunction in different animal models of sepsis. Both CLP and LPS models were effective in inducing short-and long-term behavioral impairment.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Joshua B. Julian, Christian F. Doeller
Summary: Julian and Doeller demonstrate that modulation of map-like representations in the human hippocampal-entorhinal system predicts contextual memory retrieval during virtual reality navigation, regardless of visual experience. The study shows how hippocampal-entorhinal mechanisms mediate contextual memory in humans and suggest that the hippocampal formation plays a crucial role in spatial behavior under uncertain conditions.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Kasper Foss Hansen, Linghong Yao, Kang Ren, Sen Wang, Wenwen Liu, Yuanchang Liu
Summary: Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have various potential applications, limited by their autonomy level. Efficient computer vision algorithms play a key role in improving autonomy by enabling autonomous obstacle detection. Recent developments in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and diverse datasets allow for improved computer vision algorithms that require less data and computational power. This paper explores the utilization of temporal context from USV camera feeds, using long short-term memory (LSTM) cells in existing CNN structures, to consistently identify obstacles in diverse marine environments. It is found that LSTM cells show promise in achieving improved performance, but there are weaknesses in network training procedures and datasets.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sidni A. Justus, Soroush Mirjalili, Patrick S. Powell, Audrey Duarte
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with episodic memory impairment. This study used encoding-retrieval representational similarity (ERS) analysis to evaluate event-specific ERS for object-context associations in individuals with and without ASD. The results suggest differences in encoding and retrieval processes in ASD, highlighting the utility of ERS as a methodology to assess episodic reinstatement.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Yeon Soon Shin, Rolando Masis-Obando, Neggin Keshavarzian, Riya Dave, Kenneth A. Norman
Summary: The study suggests that context-dependent memory effects are easier to generate in a virtual reality environment than in a laboratory setting, and the magnitude of the effect is more dependent on whether the items are associated with the learning context before encoding.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kilian Abellaneda-Perez, Pablo Martin-Trias, Catherine Casse-Perrot, Lidia Vaque-Alcazar, Laura Lanteaume, Elisabeth Solana, Claudio Babiloni, Roberta Lizio, Carme Junque, Nuria Bargallo, Paolo Maria Rossini, Joelle Micallef, Romain Truillet, Estelle Charles, Elisabeth Jouve, Regis Bordet, Joan Santamaria, Simone Rossi, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Olivier Blin, Jill Richardson, Jorge Jovicich, David Bartres-Faz
Summary: The BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism influences individual responses to TMS in memory tasks, particularly in Val/Val genotype carriers, who show reduced memory performance with rTMS over the left frontal cortex. This genetic variation is also associated with increased brain activity during memory recognition, specifically in frontal regions, which correlates positively with cognitive performance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Futing Zou, Guo Wanjia, Emily J. J. Allen, Yihan Wu, Ian Charest, Thomas Naselaris, Kendrick Kay, Brice A. A. Kuhl, J. Benjamin Hutchinson, Sarah DuBrow
Summary: Using 7T fMRI, the study found that hippocampal area CA1 and the entorhinal cortex predict temporal context memory for scene images by re-expressing activity patterns during subsequent encounters over a period of months. This suggests that CA1 and the entorhinal cortex play a crucial role in preserving temporal memories.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Atsushi Matsumoto, Takahiro Soshi, Norio Fujimaki, Aya S. Ihara
Summary: The study found that in a semantic decision task, marine mammals were semantically closer to fish than terrestrial mammals. Additionally, the left anterior temporal lobe was sensitive to semantic distance, while the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was sensitive to the consistency of category membership of word pairs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Matthias Norden, Amin Gerard Hofmann, Martin Meier, Felix Balzer, Oliver T. Wolf, Erwin Bottinger, Hanna Drimalla
Summary: This study developed a scalable digital tool for standardized stress induction and data collection outside the laboratory. The results showed that a digital stress test administered by smartphone can be used on a large scale and induce stress responses similar to traditional stress tests.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Zahra Fayyaz, Aya Altamimi, Carina Zoellner, Nicole Klein, Oliver T. Wolf, Sen Cheng, Laurenz Wiskott
Summary: This article presents a model of the generative aspects of episodic memory, proposing that the hippocampus stores and retrieves selected aspects of an episode while the neocortex fills in missing parts based on general semantic information. The model combines neural network architectures to complete missing parts of a memory trace and can generate plausible images from scratch. It also demonstrates compression and robustness to noise. Furthermore, the model reproduces the findings of an episodic memory experiment, highlighting the importance of semantically congruent contexts.
NEURAL COMPUTATION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Carina Zoellner, Nicole Klein, Sen Cheng, Ricarda Schubotz, Nikolai Axmacher, Oliver T. Wolf
Summary: Retrieved memories of past events are often inaccurate. The scenario construction model suggests that only the main information of an event is stored in memory and missing details are constructed using semantic information. This study used virtual reality to provide behavioral evidence for semantic construction and introduced new memory tests. The findings support the predictions of the scenario construction model.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Eike K. Buabang, Yannick Boddez, Oliver T. Wolf, Agnes Moors
Summary: People are more likely to engage in suboptimal behaviors under stress, such as overeating and short-sighted financial decision-making. Traditional dual-process models suggest that stress impairs goal-directed behavior, leading to reliance on habitual behavior. However, a conceptual replication study found that stressed participants were sensitive to outcome values when the outcomes became aversive, suggesting that suboptimal behavior under stress may not always be habitual.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Livia Graumann, An Bin Cho, Eugenia Kulakova, Christian Eric Deuter, Oliver T. Wolf, Stefan Roepke, Julian Hellmann-Regen, Christian Otte, Katja Wingenfeld
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perceived social exclusion without accompanying cortisol increase on empathy in women with BPD and healthy women. The findings showed that women with BPD reported lower emotional empathy for positive emotions, but not for negative emotions. Additionally, emotional empathy in women with BPD seems to be more sensitive to the effects of stress or ambiguous social situations.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Morris Gellisch, Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo, Oliver T. Wolf, Dirk A. Moser, Holm Zaehres, Beate Brand-Saberi
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether students' psychobiological stress responses can be enhanced in the context of anatomical online learning and how increased physiological parameters correlate with characteristics of learning experiences in a digital learning environment. The results showed that compared to passive online learning, students engaged in the interaction-enhanced version of online learning displayed a significantly reduced Heart Rate Variability, along with a strong increase in salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase activity. These findings demonstrate that the physiological arousal of students engaged in online learning can be enhanced via interactive teaching methods and highlight the correlation between higher physiological responses and elementary criteria of learning experience such as engagement and attention.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Osman Akan, Anne Bierbrauer, Lukas Kunz, Patrick D. Gajewski, Stephan Getzmann, Jan G. Hengstler, Edmund Wascher, Nikolai Axmacher, Oliver T. Wolf
Summary: Repeated exposure to chronic stress can impair cognitive functions such as long-term memory and navigation. It is still unclear whether chronic stress affects path integration, a navigational strategy that relies on the functioning of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex. This study aimed to investigate the association between chronic stress and path integration performance, and the results suggest a potential impairment of path integration due to chronic stress.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katja Langer, Valerie L. Jentsch, Oliver T. Wolf
Summary: Acute stress can either enhance or impair emotion regulation (ER) performances. Timing of the ER task relative to stress exposure is a moderating factor, with delayed cortisol increases improving ER performances, while rapid sympathetic nervous system (SNS) actions opposing such effects via cognitive impairments.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Valerie L. Jentsch, Oliver T. Wolf, Tobias Otto, Christian J. Merz
Summary: Exposure therapy is commonly used for anxiety disorders, but fear responses can reemerge even after successful treatment. This study examined the effect of exercise following fear extinction training on the consolidation of extinction memories. Surprisingly, exercise did not enhance but impaired extinction memory retrieval, possibly consolidating the original fear memory trace instead.
Article
Psychiatry
Tobias Lohaus, Judith Witt, Anne Schuermeyer, Oliver T. Wolf, Patrizia Thoma
Summary: The relationship between fatigue and (socio-)cognitive deficits in neurological diseases has been studied and the findings are inconsistent. This study examined the relationship between fatigue, social cognition, and social activity in stroke patients, multiple sclerosis patients, and a healthy control group. The results showed that high fatigue scores were associated with reduced social activities in both patient groups, but not with general cognition and social cognition.
COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Stephanie Antons, Kjell Buesche, Lukas Mallon, Oliver T. Wolf, Martin Diers, Matthias Brand
Summary: The problematic use of pornography (PPU) is a phenotype of compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Stress plays a central role in dysregulated behaviors, acting as both a cause and consequence. A study involving 99 heterosexual males found that early childhood trauma, chronic stress, acute stress responses, emotion regulation strategies, and coping were associated with PPU symptoms. Alterations in neural stress circuits resulting from childhood trauma and chronic stress may interact with reward and executive control circuits. Coping with acute, chronic, and past stressors should be incorporated into treatment approaches.
SEXUAL HEALTH & COMPULSIVITY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tobias Ruettgens, Oliver T. Wolf
Summary: Acute psychosocial stress enhances memory for central visual elements of a stressful episode, and this effect was tested in a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Stressed participants had better memory for personal information about the committee members, while there were no differences in memory for phrases.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Dong-ni Pan, Valerie L. Jentsch, Katja Langer, Bianca Hagedorn, Oliver Hoeffken, Oliver Wolf, Christian J. Merz
Summary: The ability to regulate emotions under stress is crucial for psychosocial health, and the dynamic function of stress hormones in cognitive control of emotions through non-genomic and genomic cortisol effects needs further clarification.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Osman Akan, Anne Bierbrauer, Nikolai Axmacher, Oliver T. Wolf
Summary: Acute stress has a significant impact on human spatial navigation, particularly on path integration. This effect is mediated through the impairment of the medial entorhinal cortex, which is responsible for path integration. These findings suggest that acute stress can negatively affect cognitive functions in the brain.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2023)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Rebekka Heinen, Anne Bierbrauer, Oliver T. Wolf, Nikolai Axmacher
Summary: Neural representations are internal brain states that model the external world or its features. Memory traces allow the brain to activate representations of past experiences even in the absence of sensory input. This review explores the nature of neural memory representations and how cognitive neuroscience methods, particularly neuroimaging, can assess them. The analysis of neural representations provides insights into their structure and different formats using techniques such as representational similarity analysis (RSA) and deep neural networks (DNNs). Multiple recent studies demonstrate the measurement and investigation of memory representations, revealing format shifts from visual to semantic and the impact of affective evaluations in episodic memories. Ultimately, the analysis of neural representations enhances our understanding of human memory.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)