Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kasumi Satoh, Hajime Nakae
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of Daijokito on fecal management in critically ill patients, finding that 81% of patients showed defecation after Daijokito administration with a significant increase in stool volume. Most patients defecated within three days of treatment, with stool quality mainly being loose or liquid. Further research is needed to quantify the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Daijokito in critical care settings.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jennifer Catano, Sophie Caroline Sacleux, Jean-Marc Gornet, Marine Camus, Naike Bige, Faouzi Saliba, Elie Azoulay, Guillaume Dumas, Lara Zafrani
Summary: This study focused on critically ill immunocompromised patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in the ICU, identifying risk factors associated with mortality and severe GIB. The severity of bleeding was higher in immunocompromised patients, especially those on long-term corticosteroid therapy. Despite the increased severity of bleeding, mortality did not differ significantly between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients in the ICU. Prophylactic proton pump inhibitor treatment may be beneficial for this population.
ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
James J. Galligan
Summary: 5-HT4 receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that activate adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic AMP levels, leading to the activation of protein kinase A. These receptors are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, particularly in the enteric nervous system, where they enhance neurotransmitter release and propulsive motility. Novel 5-HT4 receptor agonists, 5-HT4-LA1 and 5-HT4-LA-2, stimulate colonic motility locally without being absorbed systemically, demonstrating prokinetic actions in the GI tract.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Guangxuan Lv, Tao Zhang, Luping Wang, Xin Fu, Yucong Wang, Hua Yao, Huang Fang, Xiaoxiao Xia, Jing Yang, Bo Wang, Zhongwei Zhang, Xiaodong Jin, Yan Kang, Yisong Cheng, Qin Wu
Summary: This study developed a technique to assess the feasibility of predicting the efficacy of prokinetic agents in critically ill patients. The results showed that gastric antrum echodensity can predict the effectiveness of prokinetic agents. The findings of this study can assist clinicians in deciding whether to use prokinetic agents when feeding intolerance occurs in critically ill patients.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Respiratory System
Sara Henen, Christine Denton, Jeff Teckman, Drucy Borowitz, Dhiren Patel
Summary: Gastrointestinal manifestations are common in patients with cystic fibrosis and gastrointestinal dysfunction, particularly dysmotility, is gaining attention as a key factor. Studies have explored the impact of defective CFTR genes on the intestines in CF, different presentations of intestinal dysmotility, newer diagnostic techniques, and the role of dysmotility in CF-related intestinal pathologies.
JOURNAL OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Katri Typpo, Sharon Y. Irving, Jose M. Prince, Nazima Pathan, Ann-Marie Brown
Summary: This article aims to establish consensus criteria for gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill children. The systematic review provides criteria for severe gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luping Wang, Hao Yang, Guangxuan Lv, Xin Fu, Yisong Cheng, Xi Zhong, Jing Yang, Bo Wang, Zhongwei Zhang, Xiaodong Jin, Yan Kang, Qin Wu
Summary: This study developed a technique to assess the severity of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) by evaluating the echodensity of the gastric antrum wall. The results showed that measuring gastric antrum echodensity was technically feasible and reproducible in ventilated patients, and increased echodensity was associated with greater severity of AGI. Additionally, patients with higher gastric antrum echodensity upon enteral nutrition initiation were more likely to experience feeding intolerance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcela Kanova, Pavel Kohout
Summary: Serotonin plays crucial roles as a neurotransmitter in controlling brain functions and as a peripheral hormone in regulating various organs. High levels of serotonin can lead to serotonin syndrome with symptoms like altered mental status and muscle rigidity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Christina Koenig, Melanie Goepfert, Stefan Kluge, Dominic Wichmann
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of IV posaconazole in critically ill patients. Analysis of 168 posaconazole levels from 10 critically ill patients showed that 58% did not reach the suggested target for fungal prophylaxis and 74% were below the target for the treatment of aspergillosis. TDM is highly recommended to avoid underexposure.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Hasan M. Al-Dorzi, Yaseen M. Arabi
Summary: The incidence of stress-induced clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients seems to be decreasing. Early enteral nutrition and proton pump inhibitors may be effective in preventing gastrointestinal bleeding, but questions remain regarding which patients are likely to benefit the most.
CURRENT OPINION IN CRITICAL CARE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annika Reintam Blaser, Kaspar F. Bachmann, Adam M. Deane
Summary: Recent evidence focuses on diagnosing acute gastrointestinal dysfunction and enteral feeding intolerance, and their relationship to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome during critical illness. Novel gastric feeding tubes have been developed to reduce gastroesophageal regurgitation or monitor gastric motility. However, a consensus is lacking in the definition of enteral feeding intolerance. The development of a new scoring system for gastrointestinal dysfunction shows promise, but it needs further validation and testing to evaluate its effectiveness in interventions. Biomarkers for identifying gastrointestinal dysfunction in daily clinical use are yet to be found. Complex daily clinical assessments, scoring systems, consensus definitions, and novel technology are potential tools and interventions for improving patient care.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nemanja Petrovic, Miodrag Zunic, Ana Pejcic, Milos Milosavljevic, Slobodan Jankovic
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility in critically ill patients. The results showed that acute kidney injury, recent abdominal surgery, mechanical ventilation, age, and certain medication use were significant risk factors. On the other hand, the Charlson comorbidity index had divergent effects on different forms of gastrointestinal dysmotility. Recognition of these factors can help initiate preventative measures and accelerate the recovery of critically ill patients.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Karel Balihar, Jan Kotyza, Lucie Zdrhova, Jana Kozeluhova, Michal Krcma, Martin Matejovic
Summary: Motility disorders of upper gastrointestinal tract are common in critical illness and vary according to gastric emptying status. Metoclopramide reduced esophageal activities but did not affect reflux episodes in critically ill patients.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Weixia Zhang, Shuge Sun, Xueying Du, Yu Han, Yu Tang, Weishang Zhou, Wei Shi, Guangxu Liu
Summary: The present study investigated the toxic effects of microplastics (MPs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), alone and in combination, on the motility of two microalgae species, and assessed their impacts on energy supply and oxidative stress status. The results showed that the motility of microalgae was significantly suppressed by the pollutants, which was associated with a decrease in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and oxidative stress. Moreover, the pollutants inhibited the growth of microalgae, and coexposure to TBBPA and MPs had a higher toxic effect than single exposure.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
William Dager, Toby Trujillo, Brian Gilbert
Summary: Anticoagulant therapy is associated with a high incidence of avoidable adverse events, especially in special populations. Despite efforts to improve the use of anticoagulants, managing complex critically ill patients remains challenging. Therefore, an individualized and continuously assessed management plan is crucial to ensure optimal anticoagulation therapy.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Deepika Bagga, Christoph Stefan Aigner, Johanna Louise Reichert, Cinzia Cecchetto, Florian Ph S. Fischmeister, Peter Holzer, Christine Moissl-Eichinger, Veronika Schoepf
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmed M. Hassan, Giulia Mancano, Karl Kashofer, Esther E. Froehlich, Andrija Matak, Raphaela Mayerhofer, Florian Reichmann, Marta Olivares, Audrey M. Neyrinck, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Sandrine P. Claus, Peter Holzer
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Annamaria Painold, Sabrina Moerkl, Karl Kashofer, Bettina Halwachs, Nina Dalkner, Susanne Bengesser, Armin Birner, Frederike Fellendorf, Martina Platzer, Robert Queissner, Gregor Schuetze, Markus J. Schwarz, Natalie Moll, Peter Holzer, Anna K. Holl, Hans-Peter Kapfhammer, Gregor Gorkiewicz, Eva Z. Reininghaus
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefan Wernitznig, Florian Reichmann, Mariella Sele, Christoph Birkl, Johannes Haybaeck, Florian Kleinegger, Anna Birkl-Toeglhofer, Stefanie Krassnig, Christina Wodlej, Peter Holzer, Daniel Kummer, Elisabeth Bock, Gerd Leitinger
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2019)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Angela Jacan, Karl Kashofer, Geraldine Zenz, Esther E. Froehlich, Florian Reichmann, Ahmed M. Hassan, Peter Holzer
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Geraldine Zenz, Aitak Farzi, Esther E. Froehlich, Florian Reichmann, Peter Holzer
Article
Neurosciences
Chaitanya Chakravarthi Gali, Elham Fanaee-Danesh, Martina Zandl-Lang, Nicole Maria Albrecher, Carmen Tam-Amersdorfer, Anika Stracke, Vinay Sachdev, Florian Reichmann, Yidan Sun, Afrim Avdili, Marielies Reiter, Dagmar Kratky, Peter Holzer, Achim Lass, Karunya K. Kandimalla, Ute Panzenboeck
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmed M. Hassan, Giulia Mancano, Karl Kashofer, Gerhard Liebisch, Aitak Farzi, Geraldine Zenz, Sandrine P. Claus, Peter Holzer
Summary: The study found that the anhedonia-like behavior induced by a high-fat diet in mice depends on the intestinal microbiota and involves the hormone leptin as a signaling molecule.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Piyush Jain, Serena Materazzi, Francesco De Logu, Duccio Rossi Degl'Innocenti, Camilla Fusi, Simone Li Puma, Ilaria M. Marone, Elisabetta Coppi, Peter Holzer, Pierangelo Geppetti, Romina Nassini
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susanne M. Brunner, Florian Reichmann, Julia Leitner, Soraya Woelfl, Stefan Bereswill, Aitak Farzi, Anna-Maria Schneider, Eckhard Klieser, Daniel Neureiter, Michael Emberger, Markus M. Heimesaat, Daniel Weghuber, Roland Lang, Peter Holzer, Barbara Kofler
Summary: The neuropeptide galanin and its receptors GAL(2)R and GAL(3)R are involved in immunity and inflammation, with GAL(3)R loss exacerbating colitis in mice. This suggests that GAL(3)R could be a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aitak Farzi, Chi Kin Ip, Felicia Reed, Ronaldo Enriquez, Geraldine Zenz, Marija Durdevic, Lei Zhang, Peter Holzer, Herbert Herzog
Summary: The lack of PYY in mice results in distinct changes in gut microbiome composition, especially under high-fat diet conditions. Pyy-KO mice showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and specific genera within it, indicating a gene-environment interaction between diet and gut microbiome that can impact gut homeostasis.
Article
Cell Biology
Sabrina Schroeder, Sebastian J. Hofer, Andreas Zimmermann, Raimund Pechlaner, Christopher Dammbrueck, Tobias Pendl, G. Mark Marcello, Viktoria Pogatschnigg, Martina Bergmann, Melanie Mueller, Verena Gschiel, Selena Ristic, Jelena Tadic, Keiko Iwata, Gesa Richter, Aitak Farzi, Muammer Uecal, Ute Schaefer, Michael Poglitsch, Philipp Royer, Ronald Mekis, Marlene Agreiter, Regine C. Toelle, Peter Sotonyi, Johann Willeit, Barbara Mairhofer, Helga Niederkofler, Irmgard Pallhuber, Gregorio Rungger, Herbert Tilg, Michaela Defrancesco, Josef Marksteiner, Frank Sinner, Christoph Magnes, Thomas R. Pieber, Peter Holzer, Guido Kroemer, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Luca Scorrano, Joem Dengjel, Tobias Madl, Simon Sedej, Stephan J. Sigrist, Bence Racz, Stefan Kiechl, Tobias Eisenberg, Frank Madeo
Summary: Dietary spermidine has been shown to enhance cognition by affecting mitochondrial and autophagic function in aged mice and fruit flies. These findings suggest the potential role of dietary spermidine in improving cognitive function.
Review
Physiology
Peter Holzer, Ulrike Holzer-Petsche
Summary: The development of small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonists and monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP system has revolutionized migraine management. However, constipation has been observed as a major adverse event in patients treated with these therapies. This review article investigates the mechanism behind CGRP inhibition-induced constipation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Peter Holzer
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Weber, Eva Tatzl, Karl Kashofer, Magdalena Holter, Slave Trajanoski, Andrea Berghold, Akos Heinemann, Peter Holzer, Michael Karl Herbert
Summary: Fibromyalgia-syndrome (FMS) is a complex disease characterized by chronic widespread pain and additional symptoms. This study found that FMS patients differed from healthy controls in terms of pain parameters and psychological disturbances, but not in the composition and diversity of the fecal microbiome. The contribution of the gut microbiome to the pathophysiology of FMS was considered limited.