Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thurayya ALbuloshi, Ahmed M. Kamel, Jeremy P. E. Spencer
Summary: This study examined the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in older people in Kuwait and found that lack of vitamin D supplements, low sun exposure duration, dark skin pigmentation, and lower caloric intake were risk factors for deficiency. A significant inverse relationship was also found between vitamin D levels and parathyroid hormone levels.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Yuan, Jingyi Ni
Summary: Tobacco smoking may interfere with vitamin D endocrine systems and increase the risk of VD deficiency, especially in female adults.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yingying Wang, Xiaojie Huang, Yaxin Wu, Aixin Li, Yakun Tian, Meixin Ren, Zhen Li, Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Wen Wang
Summary: The meta-analysis revealed that individuals infected with HIV have a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared to those not infected with HIV. Factors such as receiving antiretroviral therapy, older age, lower BMI, lower latitude, and male sex may be risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in individuals living with HIV.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Solomon Getawa, Melak Aynalem, Biruk Bayleyegn, Tiruneh Adane
Summary: This study revealed that the prevalence of thrombocytopenia among HIV-infected adults is 17.9%, showing variations before and after HAART initiation. The use of HAART is significantly associated with reduced thrombocytopenia, indicating its potential benefit in decreasing thrombocytopenia and its complications in HIV patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lelia H. Chaisson, Fred C. Semitala, Sandra Mwebe, Jane Katende, Lucy Asege, Martha Nakaye, Alfred O. Andama, Elly Atuhumuza, Moses Kamya, Adithya Cattamanchi, Christina Yoon
Summary: In a high TB/HIV burden setting, the prevalence of severe transaminitis among PWH without culture-confirmed TB is low, indicating it is unlikely to pose a major barrier to scaling-up TPT.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Namanjeet Ahluwalia, Ramkripa Raghavan, Guangyu Zhang, Sameera A. Talegawkar, Paul F. Jacques
Summary: This study found a significant association between low vitamin D levels and MetS, with varying strengths of association observed across different race and Hispanic origin groups.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jirayu Visuthranukul, Phenphop Phansuea, Pantat Buranakityanon, Prapawan Lerdrungroj, Eakkawit Yamasmith
Summary: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a tropical area. The study found that increasing age, efavirenz use, male gender, low BMI, protease inhibitors use, and CD4 count lower than 200 cells/mm(3) were associated with vitamin D deficiency.
Article
Immunology
Anne Berglov, Ellen Moseholm, Terese L. Katzenstein, Isik S. Johansen, Merete Storgaard, Gitte Pedersen, Nina Weis
Summary: This study evaluated the prevalence of low vitamin D levels among well treated pregnant women living with HIV in Denmark and found associations with women of African or Asian origin, as well as women with detectable viral loads. Low vitamin D levels were associated with increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuxiong Chen, Siqin Feng, Zhen'ge Chang, Yakun Zhao, Yanbo Liu, Jia Fu, Yijie Liu, Siqi Tang, Yitao Han, Shuyang Zhang, Zhongjie Fan
Summary: This study examined the association between serum vitamin D levels and mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), finding that higher levels of 25(OH)D were independently associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeanette M. Andrade, Philip G. Grandoff, Sydney T. Schneider
Summary: This study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin D intake and self-reported vitamin D deficiency among US adults. The findings showed significant associations between vitamin D deficiency and chronic conditions, vitamin D supplement use, age, and sun exposure. However, there was no significant difference in vitamin D intake from food/beverages on vitamin D deficiency status.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Natalie McCormick, Na Lu, Chio Yokose, Amit D. Joshi, Shanshan Sheehy, Lynn Rosenberg, Erica T. Warner, Nicola Dalbeth, Tony R. Merriman, Kenneth G. Saag, Yuqing Zhang, Hyon K. Choi
Summary: Emerging data suggest that there is a higher prevalence of gout among Black adults, especially Black women, in the US compared to White adults. However, there is a lack of national-level, sex-specific data on racial differences in gout prevalence and potential risk factors. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the disparities in gout prevalence between Black and White adults in the US general population. The findings indicate that gout was more prevalent among adults self-reporting as Black during a 10-year period, and these differences may be influenced by sex-specific differences in diet, social determinants of health, and clinical factors. Culturally informed efforts targeting these factors could help reduce the current disparities related to gout.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roy H. Perlis, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, Alauna Safarpour, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Matthew D. Simonson, Jon Green, Alexi Quintana, James Druckman, Matthew A. Baum, David Lazer
Summary: This study suggests that long COVID is prevalent and associated with female gender and older age, while completion of the primary vaccination series prior to infection may reduce the risk of long COVID.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mahbubul H. Siddiqee, Badhan Bhattacharjee, Umme Ruman Siddiqi, Mohammad MeshbahurRahman
Summary: The study reveals a highly prevalent and variable vitamin D deficiency among adults in different South Asian countries, with the highest prevalence found in Pakistan, followed by Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The findings could help generate hypotheses and explore factors affecting inter-country variability, and strengthen evidence for governments to prioritize mitigation strategies in the region.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Darlenne B. Kenga, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Samuel Simbine, Fabiao E. Mausse, Pedro Charles, Ernesto Zaqueu, Hermenegilda F. Fernando, Alice Manjate, Jahit Sacarlal, Troy D. Moon
Summary: The study in Mozambique observed children hospitalized with fever due to HIV infection or HIV-exposure, finding that community-acquired bacteremia was common with Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella, and Salmonella being the most common pathogens. High rates of antibiotic resistance were observed, highlighting the need for longitudinal data on important pathogens to guide antibiotic prescription guidelines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chio Yokose, Natalie McCormick, Na Lu, Sruthi Tanikella, Kehuan Lin, Amit D. Joshi, Laura M. Raffield, Erica Warner, Tony Merriman, John Hsu, Kenneth Saag, Yuqing Zhang, Hyon K. Choi
Summary: This study reveals that the prevalence of gout among Asian individuals in Western countries surpassed that of other racial and ethnic groups in 2017-2018. The disparity between Asian and White individuals in gout prevalence did not appear to be associated with socioclinical factors.
Article
Immunology
Vincent C. Marconi, Carlee Moser, Christina Gavegnano, Steven G. Deeks, Michael M. Lederman, Edgar T. Overton, Athe Tsibris, Peter W. Hunt, Amy Kantor, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly, Randall Tressler, Charles Flexner, Selwyn J. Hurwitz, Daniela Moisi, Brian Clagett, William R. Hardin, Carlos Del Rio, Raymond F. Schinazi, Jeffrey J. Lennox
Summary: This study confirms the safety and efficacy of Ruxolitinib for HIV-infected individuals on ART. While there was no significant reduction in plasma IL-6 levels, Ruxolitinib significantly decreased markers of immune activation and cell survival.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Samuel R. Schnittman, Michael T. Lu, Thomas Mayrhofer, Tricia H. Burdo, Kathleen Fitch, Sara McCallum, Evelynne S. Fulda, Markella Zanni, Borek Foldyna, Carlos Malvestutto, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Judith A. Aberg, Gerald S. Bloomfield, Edgar T. Overton, Judith Currier, Pablo Tebas, Beverly E. Sha, Heather J. Ribaudo, Jacqueline M. Flynn, Pamela S. Douglas, Kristine M. Erlandson, Steven K. Grinspoon
Summary: This study found no association between CMV IgG titer and coronary artery plaque phenotypes in HIV patients. However, CMV IgG titer was associated with certain inflammatory biomarkers. These results suggest that CMV infection may not be the primary mechanism contributing to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Markella Zanni, Borek Foldyna, Sara McCallum, Tricia H. Burdo, Sara E. Looby, Kathleen Fitch, Evelynne S. Fulda, Patrick Autissier, Gerald S. Bloomfield, Carlos D. Malvestutto, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Edgar T. Overton, Judith A. Aberg, Kristine M. Erlandson, Thomas B. Campbell, Grant B. Ellsworth, Anandi N. Sheth, Babafemi Taiwo, Judith S. Currier, Udo Hoffmann, Michael T. Lu, Pamela S. Douglas, Heather J. Ribaudo, Steven K. Grinspoon
Summary: Among people with HIV in the United States, females have a lower prevalence of coronary plaque, specifically noncalcified or vulnerable plaque, compared to males. Additionally, there are differences in immune and inflammatory biomarkers between males and females.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kara W. Chew, Kunling Wu, Katherine Tassiopoulos, Frank J. Palella, Susanna Naggie, Netanya S. Utay, Edgar T. Overton, Mark Sulkowski
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential causes of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The results showed that ALT elevation was common in this population and was associated with metabolic disease and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is likely a common cause of liver inflammation in PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Skye Opsteen, David Moylan, Babafemi O. O. Taiwo, Kevin R. R. Robertson, E. Turner Overton, Gary R. R. Cutter, Steffanie Sabbaj, Sonya L. L. Heath, John J. Shacka
Summary: With advances in HIV treatment, people with HIV are living longer but are more likely to experience cognitive deficits. This study found that levels of lysosomal proteins cathepsin B and cystatin B may be related to neurocognitive impairment in people with HIV. Antiretroviral therapy may also influence these levels. Further investigation is needed to understand the potential of cystatin B as a target for monitoring and treating neurocognitive impairment in the context of HIV treatment.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Alison Footman, Nita Kanney, Linda M. Niccolai, Gregory D. Zimet, Edgar Turner Overton, Susan L. Davies, Barbara Van Der Pol
Summary: This qualitative study explores the attitudes and concerns of parents regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and the COVID-19 vaccine. The study found that parents had similar concerns about the safety of both vaccines, but media coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine led to more positive attitudes towards vaccination. In contrast, parents preferred to seek healthcare providers' opinions before deciding on HPV vaccination.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Pamela S. Douglas, Sara McCallum, Michael T. Lu, Triin Umbleja, Kathleen Fitch, Borek Foldyna, Markella Zanni, Evelynne S. Fulda, Gerald S. Bloomfield, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Edgar T. Overton, Judith A. Aberg, Carlos D. Malvestutto, Tricia H. Burdo, Roberto C. Arduino, Ken S. Ho, Michael T. Yin, Heather J. Ribaudo, Steven K. Grinspoon
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between Life's Simple 7 (LS7), an assessment of cardiovascular health (CVH), and coronary plaque among people with HIV. The results show that poor CVH is associated with a higher presence of coronary plaque, and this association remains after adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk. The association between LS7 and plaque persists even after adjusting for selected biomarkers, suggesting the presence of additional protective mechanisms against atherogenesis and plaque remodeling. The clinical use of LS7 and further exploration of its relationship with coronary artery disease may enhance efforts to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with HIV.
Article
Immunology
Edgar T. Overton, Gary Richmond, Giuliano Rizzardini, Anders Thalme, Pierre-Marie Girard, Alexander Wong, Norma Porteiro, Susan Swindells, Jacques Reynes, Sebastian Noe, Conn Harrington, Carlos Martin Espanol, Carolina Acuipil, Asma Aksar, Yuanyuan Wang, Susan L. Ford, Herta Crauwels, Veerle van Eygen, Rodica Van Solingen-Ristea, Christine L. Latham, Shanker Thiagarajah, Ronald D'Amico, Kimberly Y. Smith, Kati Vandermeulen, William R. Spreen
Summary: Cabotegravir+rilpivirine long-acting dosed every 8 weeks remained noninferior to every-4-week dosing over 152 weeks, with comparable safety profiles and no new safety signals. These findings demonstrate the durability of virologic suppression with cabotegravir+rilpivirine long-acting for nearly 3 years.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jenni M. Wise, Elizabeth A. Jackson, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Gabriela R. Oates, Zhixin Wang, Edgar T. Overton, Mohammed Siddiqui, Mark Woodward, Robert S. Rosenson, Paul Muntner
Summary: The protective advantage of female sex against ASCVD is diminished among women with HIV, highlighting the need for earlier and more intensive treatment strategies to reduce sex-based disparities.
Article
Immunology
Mary Clare Masters, Janeway Granche, Jingyan Yang, Edgar T. Overton, Scott Letendre, Susan L. Koletar, Leah H. Rubin, Todd T. Brown, Katherine Tassiopoulos, Kristine M. Erlandson, Frank Palella
Summary: The association between metformin use and cognitive and physical function outcomes in older persons with HIV remains unclear.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Shruti P. Agnihotri, Edgar T. Overton
Article
Immunology
Kristine M. Erlandson, Triin Umbleja, Michael T. Lu, Jana Taron, Heather J. Ribaudo, Edgar T. Overton, Rachel M. Presti, David W. Haas, Paul E. Sax, Michael T. Yin, Bingxue Kris Zhai, Rochelle Louis, Namrata Upadhyay, Parastou Eslami, Pamela S. Douglas, Markella V. Zanni, Kathleen V. Fitch, Evelynne S. Fulda, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Carlos D. Malvestutto, Steven K. Grinspoon, Todd T. Brown
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the association between paraspinal muscle density and area with cardiac or physical function outcomes in people with HIV. The findings showed that greater paraspinal muscle density was associated with a lower prevalence of coronary artery disease, while greater muscle area was associated with better physical performance.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Steven K. K. Grinspoon, Kathleen V. V. Fitch, Markella V. V. Zanni, Carl J. J. Fichtenbaum, Triin Umbleja, Judith A. A. Aberg, Edgar T. T. Overton, Carlos D. D. Malvestutto, Gerald S. S. Bloomfield, Judith S. S. Currier, Esteban Martinez, Jhoanna C. C. Roa, Marissa R. R. Diggs, Evelynne S. S. Fulda, Kayla Paradis, Stephen D. D. Wiviott, Borek Foldyna, Sara E. E. Looby, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Beverly Alston-Smith, Jorge Leon-Cruz, Sara McCallum, Udo Hoffmann, Michael T. T. Lu, Heather J. J. Ribaudo, Pamela S. S. Douglas, REPRIEVE Investigators
Summary: This phase 3 trial investigated primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. The results showed that participants receiving pitavastatin had a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared to those receiving placebo over a median follow-up of 5.1 years.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Mohammed Siddiqui, Lonnie Hannon, Zhixin Wang, Jessica Blair, Suzanne Oparil, Sonya L. Heath, Edgar T. Overton, Paul Muntner
Summary: This study found that the association between hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and heart failure, differs between individuals with and without HIV. Hypertension is associated with a higher risk of CVD in individuals with HIV. This study emphasizes the high CVD risk associated with hypertension among individuals with HIV.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
J. C. Crosby, R. A. Lee, G. Mcgwin, S. L. Heath, G. A. Burkholder, R. M. Gravett, E. T. Overton, G. Locks, M. E. Fleece, R. Franco, S. Nafziger
Summary: This study describes a monitoring program implemented by hospital-based occupational health services to improve access to care for healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and reports the clinical outcomes and predictors of hospitalization. Comparing to national healthcare workers, the monitored healthcare workers had lower rates of comorbidities, hospitalization, and case-fatality.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD
(2023)