Article
Energy & Fuels
A. Cabello, A. Abad, M. de las Obras Loscertales, P. Bartocci, F. Garcia-Labiano, L. F. de Diego
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increased operating pressure on the fuel conversion in chemical looping combustion systems using ilmenite as the oxygen carrier. Fluid dynamics and reaction kinetics were considered to determine suitable design parameters. The results showed that incomplete combustion occurred at atmospheric conditions, while some improvement was achieved at pressurized conditions, leading to higher energy efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Birgitta Narindri Rara Winayu, Chun-Ta Li, Hsin Chu
Summary: Calcined ilmenite was used as an oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion (CLC) and achieved high conversion rates. Increasing syngas concentration, operating temperature, and superficial velocity improved the reaction rate and oxygen carrier utilization, but the application of CO and CH4 caused carbon deposition and surface blocking. High redox cycles had a negative effect on the performance of the oxygen carrier.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhihao Zhou, Lin Li, Xue Liu, Zhengang Zhou, Zhenkun Sun, Lunbo Duan
Summary: This study established a method to enhance the reactivity of CH4 towards ilmenite ore by introducing reduced ilmenite ore as a catalyst for pre-activation. Results showed that the addition of reduced ilmenite ore significantly accelerated the reaction between CH4 and ilmenite ore. Higher catalyst to oxygen carrier ratio, temperature, and deeper reduction stage of the catalyst were found to be beneficial in speeding up the reaction.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Oscar Condori, Francisco Garcia-Labiano, Luis F. de Diego, Maria T. Izquierdo, Alberto Abad, Juan Adanez
Summary: Biomass Chemical Looping Gasification (BCLG) is a promising technology for producing high quality syngas using lattice oxygen instead of gaseous oxygen, with a new method for controlling oxygen consumption leading to significant improvements in syngas efficiency. The oxygen-to-biomass ratio was found to be the main factor affecting syngas production efficiency in this study.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Oscar Condori, Alberto Abad, Maria T. Izquierdo, Luis F. de Diego, Francisco Garcia-Labiano, Juan Adanez
Summary: In this study, the Biomass Chemical Looping Gasification (BCLG) process was evaluated using wheat straw pellets and ilmenite as the fuel feedstock and oxygen carrier respectively. The effect of different operational variables on process performance and syngas yield was analyzed, and no agglomeration issues were observed during the smooth operation of the CLG unit. The oxygen transference rate in the fuel reactor was found to be the main factor affecting syngas yield and cold gas efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pietro Bartocci, Alberto Abad, Arturo Cabello Flores, Margarita de las Obras Loscertales
Summary: To address the scale-up challenges of Chemical Looping Processes, the development of efficient and affordable oxygen carriers is crucial. Ilmenite, an ore-derived oxygen carrier, has been identified as an abundant and low-cost option. This paper provides insights into its preparation, reactivity, and performance compared to other carriers, along with its thermodynamic properties and kinetics. The paper also explores its compatibility with various fuels (solid, liquid, gaseous, including biofuels) and discusses important considerations such as cost, environmental sustainability, oxygen transport capacity, as well as issues related to fluidized bed reactors, such as agglomeration and attrition behavior. Furthermore, the paper investigates the interaction between ilmenite and fuels, including the impact of impurities and coke deposition on the gasification rate of solid fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fleiss Benjamin, Priscak Juraj, Fuchs Josef, Mueller Stefan, Hofbauer Hermann
Summary: Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a CO2 separation technology that utilizes a metal oxide as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO2. Synthetic materials are used as an oxygen carrier, offering higher reactivity but at a higher cost. This study focuses on investigating the suitability of synthetic perovskite C28 as an oxygen carrier in an 80 kWth pilot plant for CLC with biogenic fuels. The experiments show significantly improved combustion efficiency compared to natural ores and emphasize the importance of solid circulation rate and the role of the fuel reactor's counter-current flow column in gas conversion. Further research should focus on the long-term stability and reactivity of C28 for scaling up purposes.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhen Fan, Neng Huang, Kunlei Liu
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a fuel combustion technology that has less energy penalty for CO2 removal. This study systematically analyzes the feasibility of autothermal operation in CLC and discusses the selection of oxygen carrier, capacity and impact of support materials, circulation rate, heat-up feeds, aeration gas, reaction kinetics, and CLC operation, aiming to provide insights and approaches for the development of oxygen carriers.
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xianhua Zhang, Rui Liu, Tao Liu, Chunlei Pei, Jinlong Gong
Summary: Methane has potential as a promising alternative to crude oil for energy fuels and chemicals. Chemical looping methane conversion, among various techniques, allows for efficient utilization of methane with minimal environmental impact and energy loss. Understanding of redox catalysts that combine surface reaction and bulk oxygen transport is crucial to enhance reaction performance.
TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ali Hedayati, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Tobias Mattisson, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: The performance of two oxygen carriers in CLC and CLG conditions were tested, showing higher syngas yield and methane conversion, better mechanical properties and less dust formation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Eduardo Arango Durango, Carmen R. Forero, Francisco J. Velasco-Sarria
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an energy efficient technology for capturing CO2 emissions in combustion processes, using solid oxygen carriers to transfer oxygen from air to fuel. Research has shown that a manganese mineral may be a promising low-cost oxygen carrier material for CLC applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Victor Purnomo, Daofeng Mei, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Tobias Mattisson, Henrik Leion
Summary: Chemical looping gasification is an emerging process for producing valuable chemical feedstocks. This study found that the variation of the oxygen carrier mass conversion degree indirectly affects the conversion of biomass char, and validated the models used for evaluating the char conversion. The use of ilmenite in this process is unlikely to suffer from major agglomeration or fluidization issues.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Doki Yamaguchi, Liangguang Tang, Jose Orellana, Trevor D. Hadley, Sankar Bhattacharya, Kok-Seng Lim
Summary: The study developed a compact fully looped chemical looping reactor and found that the CLC performance increased with increasing operation time over 36 hours, as indicated by the increase in the CO2/CO molar ratio. The morphology changes and ash interaction of the Australian ilmenite did not noticeably affect the CLC performance or operation during continuous operation.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shadab Alam, Sumana Chenna
Summary: This paper proposes a greener and more sustainable process for producing syngas through chemical looping combustion combined with bi-reforming of methane with CO2. The process is advantageous in consuming greenhouse gases, overcoming catalyst deactivation, and producing syngas with the optimal H2/CO ratio for methanol synthesis. The integration of bi-reforming with CLC fulfills heat and CO2 requirements, making the process self-sustainable.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Stefan Mayrhuber, Fredrik Normann, Duygu Yilmaz, Henrik Leion
Summary: This study investigated the extent to which NO and NH3 react with the perovskite-like oxygen carrier ilmenite under conditions relevant to CLC. The results showed N-2 was the major outlet N-species in all experiments, with Norwegian ilmenite efficiently reducing NO. The presence of syngas hindered the reduction of NO by ilmenite.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nasrin Nemati, Yukari Tsuji, Tobias Mattisson, Magnus Ryden
Summary: This study investigated the conversion of gaseous fuels during chemical looping combustion (CLC) in a packed fluidized reactor. The use of packings was found to improve the fuel conversion by enhancing gas-solid mass transfer, mainly due to the reduced bubble size. The results were consistent for different fuels, packings, and bed heights.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daofeng Mei, Anders Lyngfelt, Henrik Leion, Carl Linderholm, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: Alkali is a problematic component in biomass combustion and chemical looping combustion using biomass fuels. This study investigated the interaction between alkali and an oxygen carrier by adding alkali salts to impregnated charcoal particles. The experiments showed that using alkali-impregnated charcoal led to partial agglomeration and defluidization, with the use of K-charcoal resulting in faster agglomeration/defluidization compared to Na-charcoal. Partial agglomeration could be due to surface melting of the braunite particles, while the formation of a low-melting-point Na-Si-Ca system could be responsible for agglomeration in Na-charcoal experiments. The concentration of alkali in the braunite bed increased with the use of alkali charcoals, but the reactivity of the used braunite was hardly affected.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivana Stanicic, Rainer Backman, Yu Cao, Magnus Ryden, Jesper Aronsson, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: Oxygen Carrier Aided Combustion (OCAC) is a novel approach for burning waste in a fluidized bed. This study analyzed solid samples from an industrial OCAC application using municipal solid waste and ilmenite as the oxygen carrier. The presence of oxygen carriers was found to influence the ash chemistry and the distribution of elements throughout the particle cross-section. The results provide valuable insights into the solid-state chemistry and fate of important elements.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ali Hedayati, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Tobias Mattisson, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: The performance of two oxygen carriers in CLC and CLG conditions were tested, showing higher syngas yield and methane conversion, better mechanical properties and less dust formation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Emil O. Lidman Olsson, Peter Glarborg, Henrik Leion, Kim Dam-Johansen, Hao Wu
Summary: This study investigated the release mechanism of phosphorus (P) to the gas phase during the carbothermic reduction of meta-, pyro-, and ortho-phosphates commonly found in biomass. It was found that alkaline earth phosphates were reduced in steps, while alkali metaphosphates were reduced in one step, producing an intermediate phosphite. These findings are important for understanding the release of P in biomass combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification processes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fredrik Hildor, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Martin Seemann, Tobias Mattisson, Henrik Leion
Summary: This study investigates the effect of using steel converter slag as an oxygen-carrying bed material on tar species generated in a dual fluidized bed biomass gasifier. The findings suggest that steel converter slag possesses catalytic properties, resulting in a decreased ratio of heavy tar components compared to ilmenite and sand. Temperature and fuel load have a significant effect on tar generation compared to the circulation and steam ratio.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivana Stanicic, Emil Ola Lidman Olsson, Hao Wu, Peter Glarborg, Inaki Adanez-Rubio, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: In this study, the interaction between zinc compounds and ilmenite particles was investigated by exposing three types of ilmenites to gas-phase Zn and ZnCl2. The results showed that the gaseous conditions, particle ash layer composition, and iron availability played an important role in the interaction between zinc compounds and ilmenite particles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Inaki Adanez-Rubio, Tobias Mattisson, Marijke Jacobs, Juan Adanez
Summary: Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) is a technology that separates the oxygen for fuel combustion using an oxygen carrier in a fuel reactor. This study investigates the behavior of Mn/Mg/Si system as oxygen carriers for CLOU. The most reactive oxygen carriers without Si in the structure were found to be M24Mg76 and M48Mg51. These carriers showed good reactivity and mechanical stability in a batch fluidized bed reactor.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Victor Purnomo, Ivana Stanicic, Daofeng Mei, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Tobias Mattisson, Magnus Ryden, Henrik Leion
Summary: Iron sand, a by-product of the industry, has a reasonable iron content and low cost. It has been found that iron sand can be used as an oxygen carrier in chemical looping gasification (CLG), with an oxygen transfer capacity lower than ilmenite. Utilizing iron sand leads to higher conversion rates of pine forest residue char to CO and H2 compared to ilmenite. The study also presents novel findings on the crystalline phase transformation of iron sand at different oxidation levels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Emil O. Lidman Olsson, Daniel Schmid, Oskar Karlstrom, Kasper Enemark-Rasmussen, Henrik Leion, Songgeng Li, Peter Glarborg, Kim Dam-Johansen, Hao Wu
Summary: Biomass can be converted into heat, power, and biofuels through thermal conversion processes, but the presence of phosphorus in certain types of biomass can lead to operational or environmental issues when released. The mechanisms behind phosphorus release and high-temperature phosphorus chemistry need to be understood in order to efficiently recover phosphorus from biomass residues. This study investigated the release of phosphorus from wheat bran char and sunflower seed char under various gas environments and temperatures.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Muhammad Nauman Saeed, Mohammad Shahrivar, Gajanan Dattarao Surywanshi, Tharun Roshan Kumar, Tobias Mattisson, Amir H. Soleimanisalim
Summary: The second-generation bio aviation fuel production via Chemical Looping Gasification (CLG) combined with downstream Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a possible way to decarbonize aviation sector. This study models the full chain process of biomass to liquid fuel (BtL) with LD-slag and Ilmenite as oxygen carriers using Aspen Plus software, validates the results with experiments, and conducts a techno-economic analysis of the process.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joakim Brorsson, Viktor Rehnberg, Adam A. Arvidsson, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson, Anders Hellman
Summary: Chemical looping is an innovative technique that requires new oxygen carriers. To speed up the process of finding these carriers, we used a computational screening approach based on energetic data from the Open Quantum Materials Database. From an initial list of 300,000 materials, we narrowed down to 1,000 by filtering out rare, radioactive, toxic, or harmful elements. The highest ranking phases contain elements such as Cu, Mn, and Fe.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fredrik Hildor, Tobias Mattisson, Carl Linderholm, Henrik Leion
Summary: This study investigates the effect of adding small amounts of more reactive elements into steel converter slag, which improves its reactivity towards CO and CH4, and increases the conversion rate of benzene.
GREENHOUSE GASES-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daofeng Mei, Anders Lyngfelt, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a technology that can generate heat and power while capturing CO2. Using biomass in CLC (bio-CLC) allows for negative CO2 emissions. This study investigates the interaction between alkalis in biomass and the process, focusing on charcoal impregnated with alkali chlorides. The results show that impregnation with alkalis improves the gasification rate, with carbonates resulting in earlier and more permanent defluidization compared to chlorides. Partial agglomeration and retention of alkalis in the oxygen carrier are observed, with similar reactivity noticed with CH4 and H2.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Andrea Coletto, Pietro Poesio
Summary: Experiments and simulations were conducted to study the air volume fraction and hold-up in a bubble channel reactor. A new signal processing method was proposed to avoid the loss of bubble residence time. The results were in agreement with previous studies and a bubble-scale model was developed to explain the relationship between hold-up and air superficial velocity.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2024)