Article
Critical Care Medicine
Marisa E. Luck, Xiaoling Li, Caroline J. Herrnreiter, Mashkoor A. Choudhry
Summary: Ethanol intoxication and burn injury can lead to dysfunction of immune cells in the gastrointestinal system, promoting infections and complications. This study found that both ethanol and burn injury increase the population of regulatory T cells in the small intestine, which have a stronger suppression of effector T cell proliferation.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Geoffrey P. Dobson, Jodie L. Morris, Hayley L. Letson
Summary: When traumatic injury exceeds the body's tolerance, the immune and inflammatory systems are activated, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Deaths after admission to the hospital are mainly caused by central nervous system trauma, hemorrhage, and circulatory collapse in the early stage, while hyperinflammation, immunosuppression, infection, and organ failure contribute to later deaths. Current challenges in drug development include difficulties in replicating human heterogeneity, poor trial design, use of inappropriate animal models, disregarding sex-specific differences, and single-targeting approaches. Protecting the central nervous system and controlling cardiovascular function are crucial for minimizing secondary injury and resolving inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gareth B. Kitchen, Thomas Hopwood, Thanuja Gali Ramamoorthy, Polly Downton, Nicola Begley, Tracy Hussell, David H. Dockrell, Julie E. Gibbs, David W. Ray, Andrew S. Loudon
Summary: Robust inflammatory responses are crucial for survival after respiratory infections, and Epigenetic factors are increasingly being recognized as important determinants of immune responses. EZH2 acts differently in macrophages and neutrophils, affecting inflammatory responses and chemotaxis. Targeting EZH2 may have implications for mucosal immunity and conditions driven by pulmonary neutrophil influx.
Article
Immunology
Arturo Gonzalez de la Aleja, Cristina Herrero, Monica Torres-Torresano, Juan Vladimir de la Rosa, Barbara Alonso, Enrique Capa-Sardon, Ittai B. Muller, Gerrit Jansen, Amaya Puig-Kroeger, Miguel A. Vega, Antonio Castrillo, Angel L. Corbi
Summary: LXR activation limits the anti-inflammatory polarization of human macrophages and promotes the acquisition of an inflammatory profile, which is associated with the expression of specific genes and the release of activin A.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Niyati A. Borkar, Colin Kelly Combs, Venkatachalem Sathish
Summary: Evidence has shown that there are differential incidence, prevalence, and severity of asthma between males and females. Sex differences are recognized as a significant non-modifiable risk factor in asthma pathogenesis. Sex steroids play a critical role in human development and immune system regulation, with estrogen having conflicting reports on its role in inflammation and androgens being anti-inflammatory. Women have stronger and more responsive immune elements, but the higher prevalence of autoimmune and allergic diseases contradicts this observation, suggesting that hormonal differences between sexes might modulate the immune system regulation. This review discusses the potential relationship between the immune cell system and sex steroids in the context of asthma, contributing to a deeper understanding of asthma etiology.
Review
Oncology
Bo-Zong Shao, Yi Yao, Jin-Ping Li, Ning-Li Chai, En-Qiang Linghu
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a vital role in the immune response, combating microbial infections and influencing the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review highlights the biological characteristics of NETs and their mechanisms in cancer, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
R. Yazbeck, S. E. Jaenisch, C. A. Abbott
Summary: DPP-4 inhibitors are small molecule inhibitors that prolong the insulinotropic activity of GLP-1 and are highly effective for treating Type-2 diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that DPP-4 inhibitors may also have immunomodulatory effects, particularly on aspects of innate immunity. Further research on the use of DPP-4 inhibitors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is highlighted.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Erica M. Orsini, Apostolos Perelas, Brian D. Southern, Lisa M. Grove, Mitchell A. Olman, Rachel G. Scheraga
Summary: Innate immune cells are able to sense and respond to their physical environment through mechanical signals transmitted via mechanosensitive ion channels and cell adhesion molecules, which then activate intracellular signaling pathways to regulate gene expression and cellular function. Understanding how immune cells interpret mechanical information may provide potential targets for treating human diseases. Areas of future studies include autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and malignant conditions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yanlin Zou, Cao Yu, Qian Huang, Xiaorong Tan, Xiaoyan Tan, Xiaolong Zhu, Dongyang Yi, Jingxin Mao
Summary: This study aimed to identify the most effective fraction of Nanocnide lobata in the treatment of burn and scald injuries and determine its bioactive constituents. Chemical identification methods were used to analyze the chemical constituents of Nanocnide lobata extracts, and UPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 39 main compounds. The results showed that the petroleum ether extract and volatile oil compounds of Nanocnide lobata might be effective drugs in the treatment of burn and scald injuries by reducing inflammation, promoting wound healing, and reducing scar tissue proliferation.
Article
Immunology
Liangfei Niu, Geyang Luo, Rui Liang, Chenli Qiu, Jianwei Yang, Lingling Xie, Kaile Zhang, Yu Tian, Decheng Wang, Shu Song, Howard E. Takiff, Ka-Wing Wong, Xiaoyong Fan, Qian Gao, Bo Yan
Summary: This study reveals the important role of nlrc3-like in the regulation of macrophage homeostasis, early bacterial burden control, and inflammation response. Overexpression or deficiency of nlrc3-like leads to abnormal inflammation response and bacterial burden, highlighting the importance of balanced innate immune response during mycobacterial infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jiarong Gu, Hao Xu, Yandong Chen, Na Li, Xin Hou
Summary: This article reviews the biosynthesis and functions of miR-223 in innate immunity, highlighting its key role in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Furthermore, it discusses the potential role of miR-223 in liver physiopathology and therapeutic prospects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shumei He, Hongyan Fan, Bin Sun, Meipan Yang, Hongxu Liu, Jianwei Yang, Jianxin Liu, Sizhu Luo, Zihan Chen, Jing Zhou, Lu Xia, Shulin Zhang, Bo Yan
Summary: This study demonstrates the bacteriostatic effect of Salidroside (SAL) from Tibetan medicine Rhodiola rosea on tuberculosis using an in vivo zebrafish model. It also shows increased immune cell recruitment and improved survival rates with SAL treatment, suggesting a potential novel strategy for TB treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Celia Kassouri, Sahily Rodriguez Torres, Narjara Gonzalez Suarez, Stephanie Duhamel, Borhane Annabi
Summary: Scientists are exploring the role of the immune system in cancer prevention, particularly the impact of macrophages and their activation status on tumor development. Increased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages is associated with poor prognosis in most solid cancers, making them potential biomarkers. This study highlights the chemopreventive properties of EGCG, derived from green tea, in re-programming macrophage molecular signature and function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mathias Jensen, Nicoline W. Thorsen, Line A. E. Hallberg, Per Hagglund, Clare L. Hawkins
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release plays a key role in chronic diseases like atherosclerosis, but the release of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) and their composition are less understood. This study investigated MET release from human THP-1 macrophages exposed to different stimuli and discovered that METs were composed of histones, various proteins involved in different cellular processes, and the absence of proteases. These findings provide new insights into the implications of MET formation in immune defense and pathology.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iris Ribitsch, Andrea Bileck, Monika Egerbacher, Simone Gabner, Rupert L. Mayer, Lukas Janker, Christopher Gerner, Florien Jenner
Summary: Comparing the response of fetal and adult ovine articular cartilage to injury showed that adult joints exhibited significant cellular changes, while fetal cartilage displayed regeneration capability. Proteomic analysis revealed differential regulation of inflammatory mediators and growth factors between adult and fetal joints, with adult cartilage showing upregulation of neutrophil-related proteins and acute phase proteins following injury, while fetal cartilage expressed higher levels of immunomodulating proteins and growth factors. The comparison of secretome from fetal ovine MSCs with injured fetal cartilage identified potential therapeutic factors for regenerative medicine.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jeffrey Maslanka, Gretel Torres, Jennifer Londregan, Naomi Goldman, Daniel Silberman, John Somerville, James E. Riggs
Summary: This study investigates the immunobiology of the peritoneum in ovarian cancer, revealing reduced B1 cells in the ascites and selective loss of B1 and marginal zone B cell subsets in the spleen. These findings suggest a correlation between the depletion of B cell subsets and the influx of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during ovarian cancer.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2024)
