Synphilin-1 inhibits alpha-synuclein degradation by the proteasome

Intracellular deposits of aggregated alpha-synuclein are a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Protein-protein interactions are critical in the regulation of cell proteostasis. Synphilin-1 interacts both in vitro and in vivo with alpha-synuclein promoting its aggregation. We report here that synphilin-1 specifically inhibits the degradation of alpha-synuclein wild-type and its missense mutants by the 20S proteasome due at least in part by the interaction of the ankyrin and coiled-coil domains of synphilin-1 (amino acids 331-555) with the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-60) of alpha-synuclein. Co-expression of synphilin-1 and alpha-synuclein wild-type in HeLa and N2A cells produces a specific increase in the half-life of alpha-synuclein, as degradation of unstable fluorescent reporters is not affected. Synphilin-1 inhibition can be relieved by co-expression of Siah-1 that targets synphilin-1 to degradation. Synphilin-1 inhibition of the proteasomal pathway of degradation of alpha-synuclein may help to understand the pathophysiological changes occurring in PD and other synucleinopathies.