Article
Immunology
Kun Liu, Wei Mao, Bo Liu, Tingting Li, Xinfei Wang, Le Pei, Jinshan Cao, Fenglong Wang
Summary: The study found that PGE2 enhances Staphylococcus aureus infection in bovine endometrium through the EP4 receptor. This result is essential for the development of new approaches to treating S. aureus infection, such as the application of EP4 antagonist as an adjunct drug treatment.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ward Vleeshouwers, Koen van den Dries, Sandra de Keijzer, Ben Joosten, Diane S. Lidke, Alessandra Cambi
Summary: This study highlights the modulation of myeloid immune cell function by Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through the activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors. EP4 plays a key role in podosome loss in DCs, while both EP2 and EP4 signaling lead to different cAMP production profiles and reciprocal control of signaling pathways. Efficient signaling of both EP2 and EP4 relies on an intact microtubule network, enhancing our understanding of early signaling events in myeloid cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wenfei Wang, Yuping Ning, Yejun Wang, Guofang Deng, Simona Pace, Stefanie A. Barth, Christian Menge, Kehong Zhang, Youchao Dai, Yi Cai, Xinchun Chen, Oliver Werz
Summary: This study found that infection of human macrophages by M.tb significantly increases the expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1, leading to the formation of a large amount of PGE(2). However, the anti-inflammatory drug SASP can reduce the expression of COX-2 and the release of PGE(2).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Sean P. Heffron, Ada Weinstock, Bianca Scolaro, Shiyu Chen, Brian E. Sansbury, Greg Marecki, Christina C. Rolling, Hanane El Bannoudi, Tessa Barrett, James W. Canary, Matthew Spite, Jeffrey S. Berger, Edward A. Fisher
Summary: Platelet-conditioned media induces an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving phenotype in macrophages. This effect is partially mediated by prostaglandin E2 stimulating the EP4 receptor on macrophages, leading to altered gene expression and function.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Naoto Ohkura, Kunihiko Yoshiba, Nagako Yoshiba, Yohei Oda, Naoki Edanami, Hayato Ohshima, Shoji Takenaka, Takashi Okiji, Yuichiro Noiri
Summary: This study investigated the localization of components of the PGE2-transporting pathway in human dental pulp and their relevance to angiogenesis and dentinogenesis. The results showed that EP2/EP4 agonists promoted the generation of endothelial cell filopodia and upregulated the expression of angiogenesis and odontoblast differentiation-related genes.
JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Aikaterini Kourpa, Angela Schulz, Eva Mangelsen, Debora Kaiser-Graf, Nils Koppers, Monika Stoll, Michael Rothe, Michael Bader, Bettina Purfuerst, Severine Kunz, Thomas Gladytz, Thoralf Niendorf, Sebastian Bachmann, Kerim Mutig, Juliane Bolbrinker, Daniela Panakova, Reinhold Kreutz
Summary: This study explored the renoprotective effects of pharmacological blockade of EP2 and EP4 receptors in the development of albuminuria. The results showed that separate and combined blockade of EP2 and EP4 receptors reduced albuminuria. This finding provides a basis for further research on the therapeutic potential of this treatment option and the possible role of circadian clock genes.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hui Cheng, Haoyan Huang, Zhikun Guo, Ying Chang, Zongjin Li
Summary: PGE2 plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration by promoting the regeneration of various organ systems through activation of endogenous stem cells, immune regulation, and angiogenesis. Understanding the modulation of tissue regeneration by PGE2 and enhancing its regenerative efficiency are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration processes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Janin Henkel, Julia Klauder, Meike Statz, Anne-Sophie Wohlenberg, Sonja Kuipers, Madita Vahrenbrink, Gerhard Paul Pueschel
Summary: The study found that a mix of palmitate, insulin, and PGE(2) in dysfunctional adipose tissue can induce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8. Insulin and PGE(2) amplify the effect of palmitate on IL-8 induction, exacerbating inflammation and insulin resistance.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Wei Wang, Jiacheng He, Junjie Yang, Chan Zhang, Zhiyuan Cheng, Yao Zhang, Qiansen Zhang, Peili Wang, Shuowen Tang, Xin Wang, Mingyao Liu, Weiqiang Lu, Han-Kun Zhang
Summary: The EP4 receptor plays a crucial role in the immunosuppressive activity in the tumor microenvironment. Compound 47, a newly synthesized compound, exhibits good EP4 antagonistic activity and effectively suppresses the expression of immunosuppression-related genes. Oral administration of compound 47, alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody, enhances the antitumor immune response and inhibits tumor growth in a mouse colon carcinoma model.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lin Peng, Anca Chelariu-Raicu, Yao Ye, Zhi Ma, Huixia Yang, Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold, Martina Rahmeh, Sven Mahner, Udo Jeschke, Viktoria von Schoenfeldt
Summary: The study investigates the potential pathological mechanism of the EP4 receptor in regulating extravillous trophoblast cells in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage. The results show that decreased expression of EP4 in EVT is associated with uRM, leading to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, reductions in hCG, progesterone, and IL-6 were observed, likely due to the activation of the cAMP-PKA-pCREB pathway. These findings provide insight into the role of EP4 in trophoblast function during early pregnancy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Takayasu Kanno, Naoki Nakagawa, Tatsuya Aonuma, Jun-ichi Kawabe, Koh-ichi Yuhki, Naofumi Takehara, Naoyuki Hasebe, Fumitaka Ushikubi
Summary: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a cardioprotective mechanism that reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury. The PGE(2)/EP4 system plays a critical role in the late phase of IPC by enhancing Akt-mediated signaling.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Qingqing Huang, Xishi Liu, Sun-Wei Guo
Summary: The study found that the PGE(2) signaling diminishes as endometriotic lesions progress. Treatment with EP2/EP4 inhibitors in mice with induced deep endometriosis worsened the condition, while metformin improved the condition by inducing PGE(2) signaling.
REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander Hedbrant, Ingrid Persson, Ann Erlandsson, Jonny Wijkander
Summary: Green and black tea, and to a lesser extent Rooibos tea, are able to inhibit the formation of PGE2 in human monocytes and mediate their effects by inhibiting the expression of the enzymes responsible for PGE2 formation.
Article
Oncology
Yoshihiko Manabe, Yutaka Takahashi, Chikao Sugie, Zhen Wang, Shohei Katsuki, Takuhito Kondo, Taro Murai, Masahiro Nakashima, Taiki Takaoka, Kazuhiko Ogawa, Yuta Shibamoto
Summary: A newly developed antagonist of PGE2-EP4, AAT-008, enhances the radiosensitivity of colon cancer cells by stimulating the immune system against the cancer cells, as revealed by flow cytometry.
TRANSLATIONAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi Guan, Linda Davis, Matthew D. Breyer, Chuan-Ming Hao
Summary: Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Cyclooxygenase and its derived prostanoids play a significant role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study demonstrates that inhibiting COX2 and EP4 receptors can attenuate albuminuria and histological lesions in diabetic kidneys, suggesting potential renoprotective effects for diabetic nephropathy.
PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS
(2022)