Article
Economics
Xiqian Cai, Jingcheng Fu, Mengna Luan, Xiangming Tang
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to school closures worldwide, impacting over 90% of students. These closures have exacerbated learning inequalities and disproportionately affected vulnerable students. Our study in China found that rural and lower-income students were more negatively affected by school closures compared to their urban and higher-income counterparts. This inequality persisted even three months after schools reopened. These findings highlight the urgent need to address the educational inequality caused by school closures.
CHINA ECONOMIC REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kangwei Tu, Andras Reith
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the serious inadequacy of urban planning in managing public health crises. This paper compares the urban planning response to COVID-19 and H1N1 and explores the evolution of urban planning theories and potential implications for the future. The study identifies 12 urban theories used to fight against pandemics and summarizes three main changes in urban planning responses.
Article
Political Science
Katherine Boothe, Nicole Fiorillo, Danielle Just, Elizabeth Alvarez, Adrienne Davidson
Summary: This study compares the school closure decisions in Alberta and Ontario during the spring of 2021 and finds that key epidemiological indicators were not directly linked to these decisions. This has implications for policymakers and experts, highlighting the importance of considering factors beyond evidence in making policy choices during a pandemic.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SCIENCE POLITIQUE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Simon Mitchell
Summary: B-cells exhibit cellular diversity and heterogeneity through unique antigen receptors, which provide broad protection against pathogens. The molecular state of a B-cell determines its fate, serving as a potential source of diversity in cell fate decisions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Qinfen Zhang, Xuan Dong, Yan Song, Chaoqun Wang, Shiyan Ji, Haitian Mei, Rui Wang
Summary: By observing the development changes over 10 years, a study investigated the semantic processing characteristics of Chinese characters in children aged 7-11 years in 2009 and 2019. It was found that in 2009, the N400 amplitude of semantic processing showed an inverted U-shaped development trend, while in 2019, it showed a gradually decreasing trend. The study suggested that the semantic processing of Chinese characters in children aged 7-11 years in 2019 occurred one age stage earlier than in 2009, indicating the impact of environmental factors on children's cognitive development.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gianluca Bertoni, Evelin Marchesini, Francesca Elena Zanchettin, Michele Crestini, Marco Testa, Simone Battista
Summary: This qualitative study explored the experience of using audience response systems (ARS) in postgraduate physiotherapy training. The study found that ARS were perceived as a shared compass between students and lecturers, useful for overcoming shyness and building teamwork, but were not suitable for all situations. The findings suggest that physiotherapy lecturers should use ARS critically and integrate them into a multimodal teaching paradigm.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Enya Autumn Trenholm-Jensen, Lindsey Burns, Jill Ellen Trenholm, Christopher James Hand
Summary: This qualitative exploratory study investigates the embodied experiences and meanings of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) from the viewer's perspective. The study reveals that ASMR provides a social environment of comfort and emotional relief, in addition to its physiological-based experience. This has important implications for further research and potential wider applications of ASMR.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Juan M. Home-Ortiz, Ozy D. Melgar-Dominguez, Mohammad S. Javadi, Jose Roberto Sanches Mantovani, Joao P. S. Catalao
Summary: This article presents a restoration approach that improves the resilience of electric distribution systems by combining dynamic network reconfiguration, islanding operation of distributed generation units, and the prepositioning and displacement of emergency generation units. The approach also considers the use of demand response programs to enhance recoverability. The objective is to separate the in-service and out-of-service parts of the system while maintaining grid radiality.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Ji-Yung Lin, Pieter Weckx, Subrat Mishra, Alessio Spessot, Francky Catthoor
Summary: Ensuring timing guarantees in time-critical applications is becoming more challenging due to increasing performance variability in modern hardware and software. This paper proposes a multitimescale mitigation methodology that utilizes DVFS and HDP parameters to improve performance and calculate a tight upper bound on execution time, thus helping to save energy.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Giuseppina Adiletta, Giovanna Gliottone, Marisa Di Matteo, Milena Petriccione
Summary: This study assessed the influence of a chitosan-based coating on the quality traits and antioxidant systems of Japanese plum. The results showed that the chitosan coating delayed the ripening process, improved the antioxidant activity, and enhanced the storability of the plum.
Article
Acoustics
Erhan Ferhatoglu, Stefano Zucca
Summary: This paper presents a numerical approach to determine upper and lower boundaries among multiple steady-state solutions, specifically suitable for mechanical systems with wedge dampers modeled by macro-slip frictional contact elements. Several case studies demonstrate a large variability in damper geometries with strong coupling between tangential and normal contact forces. The proposed method successfully captures the limits of the variability range in all cases.
JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kerui Li, Siew-Chong Tan, Ron Hui
Summary: The study proposes a solution to the issue of right-half-plane zeros introduced by series-series compensation in wireless power transfer by adopting a different rectifier configuration to make the input current to the dc-dc converter controllable, thus improving the stability and dynamic response of the system.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Enoch Yeleliere, Philip Antwi-Agyei, Lawrence Guodaar
Summary: This study addresses the unknowns and uncertainties surrounding local adaptation to climate change among rainfed smallholder farmers in rural Ghana. The findings show that farmers employ multiple coping strategies and key adaptation interventions based on their lived experiences. The results have implications for building resilient agricultural systems and sustainable livelihoods.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hyunkyeong Hwang, Ahyun Yoon, Yongtae Yoon, Seungil Moon
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of methods to improve the hosting capacity of distributed generations and demand response strategies using HVAC systems. It analyzes the limiting factors of hosting capacity and proposes an optimal demand response program that considers network operation and overvoltage issues. The case studies show that the optimal demand response schedules enhance photovoltaic penetration while ensuring voltage stability and thermal comfort.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Sequoia R. Andrade, Daniel E. Hulse
Summary: Due to the increasing threat of wildfires, leveraging new technologies such as unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and UAS traffic management has become of interest to improve firefighting. This article presents a high-level dynamic simulation to evaluate the impact of these technologies on wildfire response performance and resilience. The simulation findings suggest that improvements in communication and surveillance can enhance containment and reduce ground crew injuries. However, if the introduced communication infrastructure is prone to full-scale outages, the benefits may be negated.
IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael A. Stoto, Christopher Nelson, Rachael Piltch-Loeb, Landry Ndriko Mayigane, Frederik Copper, Stella Chungong
GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH
(2019)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Taylor L. Stallings, Jennifer S. Temel, Tamar A. Klaiman, Michael K. Paasche-Orlow, Margarita Alegria, Ann O'Hare, Nina O'Connor, Laura M. Dember, Scott D. Halpern, Nwamaka D. Eneanya
Summary: This study aims to pilot an educational intervention to improve knowledge of conservative kidney management and advance care planning among older and/or functionally impaired patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. The research will assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention through a randomized controlled trial, and compare the intervention effects on knowledge and preferences communication among different racial groups.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Meeta Prasad Kerlin, Dylan Small, Barry D. Fuchs, Mark E. Mikkelsen, Wei Wang, Teresa Tran, Stefania Scott, Aerielle Belk, Jasmine A. Silvestri, Tamar Klaiman, Scott D. Halpern, Rinad S. Beidas
Summary: This study aims to evaluate EHR-based implementation strategies grounded in behavioral economic theory to improve evidence-based management of low tidal volume ventilation among patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The research uses a stepped-wedge design with five study arms targeting clinicians and respiratory therapists.
IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Catherine L. Auriemma, Helen O'Donnell, Julia Jones, Zoe Barbati, Eda Akpek, Tamar Klaiman, Scott D. Halpern
Summary: This study explored states worse than death perceived by seriously ill patients through qualitative analysis. Common attributes underlying such undesirable states include perceived burden on loved ones and inability to maintain human connection. Patients believed that information on these states must be individualized and were concerned about potential changes in their opinions over time and with fluctuations in health status.
PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Chiara Reno, Francesco Sanmarchi, Michael A. Stoto, Maria Pia Fantini, Jacopo Lenzi, Davide Golinelli
Summary: This study aims to describe the impact of vaccine rollout and health policies on the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy from March 2020 to October 2021 using a set of epidemiological indicators.
HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Eric H. Li, William Ferrell, Tamar Klaiman, Pallavi Kumar, Nina O'Connor, Lynn M. Schuchter, Jinbo Chen, Mitesh S. Patel, Christopher R. Manz, Ravi B. Parikh
Summary: This study examined serious illness conversations between clinicians and cancer patients and found that a behavioral intervention increased the frequency of conversations without compromising their quality. The intervention group was more likely to address the patient-clinician relationship and less likely to address family involvement.
JCO ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David A. Asch, Andrea B. Troxel, Lee R. Goldberg, Monique S. Tanna, Shivan J. Mehta, Laurie A. Norton, Jingsan Zhu, Lauren G. Iannotte, Tamar Klaiman, Yuqing Lin, Louise B. Russell, Kevin G. Volpp
Summary: This study aimed to reduce hospital readmissions or death following discharge for heart failure (HF) by using remote monitoring of diuretic adherence and weight changes, along with financial incentives. However, the intensive remote monitoring program did not result in a significant reduction in readmission or mortality rates in HF patients.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Catherine L. Auriemma, Helen O'Donnell, Tamar Klaiman, Julia Jones, Zoe Barbati, Eda Akpek, Scott D. Halpern
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Karsten J. Roberts, Jasmine A. Silvestri, Tamar Klaiman, Jacob Gutsche, Juliane Jablonski, Barry Fuchs, Meeta Prasad Kerlin, Mark E. Mikkelsen
Summary: The study reveals that ICU respiratory therapists (RTs) experienced high rates of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, higher than other professional groups. Staffing challenges, safety concerns, workplace conflict, and lack of work-life balance contributed to burnout, while patient care, use of specialized skills, appreciation, a sense of community at work, and purpose fostered professional fulfillment.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Tamar Klaiman, Maria N. Nelson, Xiaowei S. Yan, Amol S. Navathe, Mitesh S. Patel, Farah Refai, M. Kit Delgado, David R. Pagnotti, Joshua M. Liao
Summary: Opioid misuse is a significant public health issue in the United States, primarily caused by overprescription for acute pain. However, little research has been done on obtaining clinician feedback to reduce opioid prescribing. In this study, qualitative analyses were conducted with clinicians who received monthly feedback about their opioid prescribing behaviors. The study found that clinicians appreciated the feedback and found comparative data with their peers to be most useful. Sharing opioid prescribing feedback data with clinicians can be an effective strategy in addressing the issue among emergency and urgent care clinicians.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Meghan B. Lane-Fall, Christopher B. Koilor, Kathleen Givan, Tamar Klaiman, Frances K. Barg
Summary: This study used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the factors associated with fidelity to standardized handoff protocols. Multiple combinations of contextual factors were found to be associated with high fidelity. Therefore, implementing strategies that support these combinations of conditions should be considered for handoff standardization efforts.
JOINT COMMISSION JOURNAL ON QUALITY AND PATIENT SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tamar Klaiman, L. G. Iannotte, Michael Josephs, Louise B. Russell, Laurie Norton, Shivan Mehta, Andrea Troxel, Jingsan Zhu, Kevin Volpp, David A. Asch
Summary: This study utilized remote monitoring technology and behavioral economics to improve treatment adherence in heart failure patients. Results indicated overall support from patients and clinicians for the intervention, but negative feedback was given regarding the frequency and quantity of electronic alerts.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael A. Stoto, Chiara Reno, Svetla Tsolova, Maria Pia Fantini
Summary: This study summarizes the challenges, adaptations, and successful responses of public health emergency preparedness systems during the COVID-19 pandemic through literature, interviews, and institutional documents. The analysis highlights the critical importance of scaling up testing, flexibility in strategy development, and coordination among multiple government agencies and private organizations.
GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Respiratory System
Meeta Prasad Kerlin, Jasmine A. Silvestri, Tamar Klaiman, Jacob T. Gutsche, Juliane Jablonski, Mark E. Mikkelsen
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Tamar Klaiman, Jasmine A. Silvestri, Trishya Srinivasan, Stephanie Szymanski, Teresa Tran, Francisca Oredeko, Michael W. Sjoding, Barry D. Fuchs, Stephanie Maillie, Juliane Jablonski, Meghan B. Lane-Fall, Meeta Prasad Kerlin
Summary: This study identified determinants of prone positioning in patients with severe ARDS and developed specific implementation strategies, including educational outreach, learning collaborative, clinical protocol, prone-positioning team, and automated alerting, which were implemented as part of the Penn Medicine COVID-19 response.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2021)