Article
Economics
Jonathan Chapman
Summary: This paper examines whether high borrowing costs hindered investment in sanitation infrastructure in late 19th-century Britain. The study finds that higher interest rates were associated with lower levels of infrastructure investment, while falling interest rates stimulated investment and led to lower infant mortality. These findings suggest that Parliament could have expedited the decline in mortality by subsidizing loans or facilitating private borrowing.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Dan Lewer, Thomas D. Brothers, Antonio Gasparrini, John Strang
Summary: The rate of drug poisoning deaths in England and Wales has been increasing annually since 2010. The study found seasonal and cyclical variations in these deaths, with peaks occurring in Spring and briefly at New Year. This suggests the involvement of external triggers.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Julia Mikolai, Peter Dorey, Katherine Keenan, Hill Kulu
Summary: Recent studies have confirmed individual risk factors and regional disparities in COVID-19 mortality. In England, Wales, and Scotland, COVID-19 death rates are associated with ethnic minorities, deprivation, and population density. Over time, area-level deprivation has become a more important predictor of COVID-19 mortality.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wan Ting Katty Huang, Isobel Braithwaite, Andrew Charlton-Perez, Christophe Sarran, Ting Sun
Summary: The impact of climate change on seasonal temperature-related mortality is nonlinear. After a 2.5 degrees C increase in global warming, there is a significant increase in summer mean mortality risk, while minimal changes are expected at lower levels of warming. In contrast, by reaching a 2 degrees C global warming, there is already a 42% increase in mortality risk during summer heat extremes. Winter attributable mortalities are projected to decrease linearly with global warming in England and Wales.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Economics
Dan Bogart, Xuesheng You, Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau, Max Satchell, Leigh Shaw-Taylor
Summary: Railways transformed inland transport during the nineteenth century, leading to local population change and divergence in England and Wales. The presence of railway stations by 1851 significantly increased population growth and shifted male occupational structure out of agriculture. The impact of railways on population growth was greater in areas with higher initial population density, and population growth was less for localities located 3-15 km from stations compared to those farther away. Overall, railways reinforced the population hierarchy of the early nineteenth century and contributed to further spatial divergence, with significant implications for the geographic distribution of population.
JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Evangelos Kontopantelis, Mamas A. Mamas, John Deanfield, Miqdad Asaria, Tim Doran
Summary: The study found that there were 47,243 excess deaths in England and Wales between March 7 and May 8, 2020, with 9,948 not associated with COVID-19. Overall excess mortality rates ranged from 49 per 100,000 in the South West to 102 per 100,000 in London. Non-COVID-19 associated excess mortality rates ranged from -1 per 100,000 in Wales to 26 per 100,000 in the West Midlands.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melissa Matz, Claudia Allemani, Martie van Tongeren, Vahe Nafilyan, Sarah Rhodes, Karin van Veldhoven, Lucy Pembrey, Michel P. Coleman, Neil Pearce
Summary: Excess mortality was consistently higher for essential workers throughout 2020, particularly for healthcare workers. There were also significant differences in excess mortality between men and women, even within the same occupational group. Further research is needed to examine excess mortality by occupational group, while controlling for important confounders.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2022)
Article
History
Alice Reid, Eilidh Garrett, Hannaliis Jaadla, Kevin Schurer, Sarah Rafferty
Summary: This paper examines the influence of social class and spatial distribution on infant and child mortality in England and Wales during the early twentieth century. Using multi-level models and individual-level dataset of the 1911 census, the study finds that while most variation in mortality occurs at the individual level, there is also significant variation at two spatial levels. The areas where people lived have a greater impact on mortality differences between social classes than their social class itself.
SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
James C. Doidge, Doug W. Gould, Paloma Ferrando-Vivas, Paul R. Mouncey, Karen Thomas, Manu Shankar-Hari, David A. Harrison, Kathryn M. Rowan
Summary: The study described trends in intensive care for patients with COVID-19 and found significant variations in ICU admission rates during the first wave of the epidemic in England and Northern Ireland, varying over time and geography. Patient characteristics, care processes, and outcomes in ICU also changed, with some deviations in trends during the peak period. After adjusting for important risk factors, there was a substantial improvement in patient outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melissa Matz, Sarah Rhodes, Martie Van Tongeren, Michel P. Coleman, Claudia Allemani, Vahe Nafilyan, Neil Pearce
Summary: In 2021, excess mortality in England and Wales remained higher for essential workers compared to non-essential workers, with social care workers experiencing the highest excess mortality. This update provides additional data on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, highlighting the continued risk for essential workers.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Omar Karlsson, Martin Dribe, S. Subramanian
Summary: This study investigated the trend of U5MR reduction in 110 countries during the 20th century and found that high-income countries showed an acceleration in reducing U5MR, potentially due to greater similarities in knowledge and technology application.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rosie Seaman, David Walsh, Christina Beatty, Gerry McCartney, Ruth Dundas
Summary: Studies on the impact of social security cuts implemented by the UK government from 2011 to 2016 showed a significant association with lower life expectancy at the local authority level in England, Scotland and Wales. A decrease of £100 in social security per working age population was linked to a 1-month reduction in life expectancy.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Francesco Dernie, Harrison S. France, Elizabeth T. Thomas, Maja Bilip, Nicholas J. DeVito, Robin E. Ferner, Anthony R. Cox, Carl Heneghan, Jeffrey K. Aronson, Georgia C. Richards
Summary: Opioid deaths have increased in England and Wales. Coroners' reports provide important insights to prevent future deaths, but opioid-related reports have not been synthesized. This study aimed to identify opioid-related reports and explore coroners' concerns.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Godwin Oligbu, Leila Ahmed, Laura Ferraras-Antolin, Shamez Ladhani
Summary: The overall and infection-related neonatal mortality rates decreased from 2003-2005 to 2013-2015. Infections were responsible for 13.1% of neonatal deaths, with bacterial pathogens being the most common. Further preventive measures, such as antenatal GBS vaccines, may be needed to reduce infection-related deaths in neonates.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Taylor P. van Doren, Lisa Sattenspiel
Summary: In Newfoundland, there was a significant decrease in tuberculosis mortality rates among females starting in 1928 after the 1918 influenza pandemic, while no similar decline was observed for males. The regional analysis showed a predicted decline in the West region in the late 1930s, but no significant decrease in other regions post-pandemic.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carmen Vargas, Jillian Whelan, Julie Brimblecombe, Jessica Brock, Meaghan Christian, Steven Allender
Summary: This systematic review examines peer-reviewed literature on healthy food retail initiatives that utilize co-creation principles. After screening and quality assessment, 20 separate studies from six countries were analyzed, revealing evidence of the benefits of co-creation in improving the healthiness of food retail environments. Various co-creation approaches, theoretical perspectives, and study designs were observed, indicating the need for structured guidance on the theory and practice of co-creation.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Knud Ryom, Helene Kirkegaard, Steven Allender, Anna Aaby, Christina Breddam, Helle Terkildsen Maindal, Jane Nautrup Ostergaard
Summary: This study aims to test the feasibility and acceptability of the participatory system approach in the Children's Cooperation Denmark (Child-COOP) program and to provide study procedures for a future large-scale controlled trial. The study will use both qualitative and quantitative methods for a process evaluation of the intervention and collect community-level data to assess the implementation and mechanisms of impact. The study will be conducted in a small rural town in Denmark, targeting approximately 100 children (6-13 years) and their community. The potential of this participatory system dynamics approach lies in engaging the community and building local capacity to improve children's health and health behavior, and this feasibility study has the potential to prepare for scaling up the intervention for effectiveness testing.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Annika Theodoulou, Jason L. L. Oke, Ailsa R. R. Butler, Anastasios Bastounis, Anna Dunnigan, Rimu Byadya, Linda J. J. Cobiac, Peter Scarborough, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Falko F. F. Sniehotta, Susan A. A. Jebb, Paul Aveyard
Summary: Behavioral weight management programs (BWMPs) can reduce cardiometabolic risk factors, with effects lasting for at least 5 years after program end, despite weight regain. However, the evidence regarding whether they can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes is less certain.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carolina Venegas Hargous, Claudia Strugnell, Steven Allender, Liliana Orellana, Camila Corvalan, Colin Bell
Summary: Obesity, undernutrition, and climate change form a global syndemic that has a disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations, including children. Taking double- and triple-duty actions to address these pandemics simultaneously is crucial to prevent further health, economic, and environmental consequences. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the implementation and evaluation of such actions.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marufa Sultana, Melanie Nichols, Marj Moodie, Steven Allender, Vicki Brown
Summary: This systematic review examines the economic evaluations of multicomponent community-based obesity prevention interventions. Seventeen studies were included, reporting costing or economic evaluation of 13 different interventions. The economic evidence is limited and inconclusive, highlighting the challenges of cost tracking and incorporating broader benefits into economic evaluation for complex interventions.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Alexander Pate, Matthew Sperrin, Richard D. Riley, Jamie C. Sergeant, Tjeerd Van Staa, Niels Peek, Mamas A. Mamas, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Martin O'Flaherty, Iain Buchan, Glen P. Martin
Summary: This study focuses on predicting the time until two survival outcomes have occurred and compares different analytical methods for multi-morbidity prognosis. The performance of these methods is evaluated through simulated data and a clinical example.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Vassilios S. Vassiliou, Vasiliki Tsampasian, Ana Abreu, Donata Kurpas, Elena Cavarretta, Martin O'Flaherty, Zoe Colombet, Monika Siegrist, Delphine De Smedt, Pedro Marques-Vidal
Summary: This paper discusses practical approaches to improving nutrition in various cardiovascular settings, including primary care, cardiac rehabilitation, sports medicine, paediatric cardiology, and public health. It emphasizes the importance of nutrition assessment, individualized nutritional plans, and the use of technology in promoting healthier dietary habits. The paper also highlights the significance of nutritional counseling in managing familial hypercholesterolaemia and congenital heart disease, and suggests the implementation of policies to promote healthy eating.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Eri Kiyoshige, Soshiro Ogata, Martin O'Flaherty, Simon Capewell, Misa Takegami, Koji Iihara, Chris Kypridemos, Kunihiro Nishimura
Summary: This study estimated the future burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortalities by sex and all 47 prefectures of Japan until 2040. The results showed a decrease in CHD and stroke deaths at the national level and in most prefectures.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anaely Aguiar, Mekdes K. Gebremariam, Eduard Romanenko, Furkan Onal, Birgit Kopainsky, Natalie Savona, Andrew Brown, Steven Allender, Nanna Lien
Summary: This paper reviews system dynamics simulation models of mechanisms driving childhood overweight and obesity and/or testing of preventive interventions. The study found that existing models include mechanisms at multiple levels, but lack mechanisms across levels, and there is less emphasis on models that alter system structure.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cindy Needham, Claudia Strugnell, Steven Allender, Laura Alston, Liliana Orellana
Summary: This study examines the association and temporal trends between the food environment and BMI of adults. The results show that BMI increases as accessibility to healthy outlets decreases. High access to supermarkets and unhealthy outlets are associated with lower BMI. The research highlights the importance of increasing access to diverse food outlets, particularly healthy ones, for promoting good health.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tao Chen, Howard Reed, Fiorella Parra-Mujica, Elliott Aidan Johnson, Matthew Johnson, Martin O'Flaherty, Brendan Collins, Chris Kypridemos
Summary: Our model suggests that UBI could significantly benefit young people's mental health and result in substantial health-related cost savings.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Peter Scarborough, Michael Clark, Linda Cobiac, Keren Papier, Anika Knuppel, John Lynch, Richard Harrington, Tim Key, Marco Springmann
Summary: This study combines dietary data from 55,504 individuals with food-level data on environmental impact, including greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, eutrophication, and biodiversity. The results show a positive association between animal-based food consumption and environmental indicators. Vegans have lower environmental impacts compared to high meat-eaters, with at least 30% differences found for most indicators. These findings highlight the need to reduce animal-based food consumption.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carolina Venegas Hargous, Liliana Orellana, Claudia Strugnell, Camila Corvalan, Steven Allender, Colin Bell
Summary: This study advances methods for measuring adherence to sustainable healthy diets among children and adolescents and shows the effectiveness of the adapted index through comparisons and associations with diet characteristics in a sample of Chilean children.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nikita Wheaton, Emily Alston, Vincent L. Versace, Michael Field, Anna Wong Shee, Jane Jacobs, Kathryn Backholer, Steven Allender, Melanie Nichols, Cindy Needham, Kristy A. Bolton, Miranda R. Blake, Fletcher Stewart, Evelyn Close, Laura Alston, Luca Busetto
Summary: Bold and comprehensive action is needed to improve food environments and prevent diet-related diseases in rural areas. Rural health services can play a crucial role in addressing barriers to healthy food environments. This study explored the perspectives of health service, local government, and food outlet stakeholders on unhealthy retail environments, the role of rural health services in supporting changes, and characteristics of potential interventions.
Review
Economics
Ben Amies-Cull, Ramon Luengo-Fernandez, Peter Scarborough, Jane Wolstenholme
Summary: The NHS did not routinely collect cost data in the past, but in 1998, the government mandated NHS trusts to submit estimates of their costs. To address issues of accuracy and comparability, there has been a long-held ambition to collect patient-level cost data. This change in methods may improve data quality, but achieving consistency between trusts will require more work.
HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW
(2023)
