Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anjali Bhat, Rafay Abu, Sankarasubramanian Jagadesan, Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Ved Vasishtha Pendyala, Li Yu, Tara L. Rudebush, Chittibabu Guda, Irving H. Zucker, Vikas Kumar, Lie Gao
Summary: Exercise training improves skeletal muscle health through various adaptative pathways. Nrf2, an important antioxidant transcription factor, is crucial for the adaptative responses and beneficial effects of exercise on muscle. The study suggests that Nrf2 plays a critical role in the adaptive effects of skeletal muscle and its response to exercise training.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Elise J. Needham, Janne R. Hingst, Benjamin L. Parker, Kaitlin R. Morrison, Guang Yang, Johan Onslev, Jonas M. Kristensen, Kurt Hojlund, Naomi X. Y. Ling, Jonathan S. Oakhill, Erik A. Richter, Bente Kiens, Janni Petersen, Christian Pehmoller, David E. James, Jorgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Sean J. Humphrey
Summary: By combining experimental and computational analyses, personalized phosphoproteomics links signaling with biological function. This approach detects functionally relevant phosphorylation sites, revealing their roles in complex biology processes.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Catherine M. Jankowski, Melissa P. Wilson, Samantha MaWhinney, Jane Reusch, Leslie Knaub, Sara Hull, Kristine M. Erlandson
Summary: The study found that individuals with HIV had blunted mitochondrial adaptations to exercise compared to uninfected controls, suggesting the need for different types of exercise-induced stimulation to improve mitochondrial function in this population.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Macsue Jacques, Shanie Landen, Javier Alvarez Romero, Danielle Hiam, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Iresha Hanchapola, Anup D. Shah, Sarah Voisin, Nir Eynon
Summary: Exercise has significant effects on both the epigenome and proteome in human muscle. A 12-week high-intensity interval training intervention was conducted on 16 healthy moderately trained males, and muscle biopsies were collected at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The study found significant changes in proteins and DNA methylation levels, with some proteins consistently changed across individuals and the discovery of two novel exercise-related proteins. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of exercise on the human body.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dylan J. Klein, Tracy G. Anthony, Kenneth H. McKeever
Summary: Metabolomics involves the identification and classification of low molecular weight metabolites, providing a comprehensive view of cellular signaling, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes. While popular in human sports, its application in equine exercise physiology is lagging, yet has great significance for managing horse health and performance.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Javier Botella, Nicholas A. Jamnick, Cesare Granata, Amanda J. Genders, Enrico Perri, Tamim Jabar, Andrew Garnham, Michael Lazarou, David J. Bishop
Summary: Autophagy is an important mechanism for cells to degrade old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. The effects of exercise on autophagosome content markers differ between rodents and humans. The decrease in LC3B-II protein levels induced by exercise in humans does not reflect a decreased autophagy flux.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Savannah R. Gregg, Madison R. Barshick, Sally E. Johnson
Summary: The study found that injection of hyaluronic acid can have anti-inflammatory effects without disrupting the normal muscle repair process after exercise.
Review
Sport Sciences
Lauren E. Skelly, Celine Bailleul, Jenna B. Gillen
Summary: Studies have shown that low-volume high-intensity interval training is beneficial for cardiorespiratory fitness in women and yields similar improvements in both men and women. Limited research suggests conflicting results regarding insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial responses in women.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruno Ferreira Mendes, Liliane Vanessa Costa-Pereira, Jullia Alves de Andrade, Caique Olegario Diniz Magalhaes, Ramona Ramalho Souza de Pereira, Elizabethe Adriana Esteves, Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas, Eric Francelino Andrade, Fernando Gripp, Flavio Castro de Magalhaes, Kinulpe Honorato Sampaio, Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim, Marco Fabricio Dias-Peixoto
Summary: This study compares the cardiometabolic and cellular adaptative responses in rats after 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed in either a single or three shorter daily sessions. The results indicate that both training methods have similar effects on resting VO2 and VO(2)max, cardiac function, and mitochondria density, while the three shorter daily sessions of HIIT are more effective in reducing visceral fat weight, adipocyte size, and improving insulin tolerance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hawley E. Kunz, Ian R. Lanza
Summary: Aging is associated with various changes in skeletal muscle, including muscle mass loss, local inflammation, and reduced response to exercise. The chronic inflammation associated with aging, known as inflammaging, may contribute to these age-related muscle impairments. Inflammation and exercise have a complex relationship, as exercise can induce acute inflammation necessary for muscle repair, while chronic inflammation in aging may hinder this response. However, exercise training has anti-inflammatory effects and can target the underlying causes of inflammaging. This review explores the interplay between inflammation and exercise in aging and discusses potential therapeutic targets for enhancing exercise responsiveness in older adults.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ewoud Jacobs, Nicholas Rolnick, Evi Wezenbeek, Lenka Stroobant, Robbe Capelleman, Nele Arnout, Erik Witvrouw, Joke Schuermans
Summary: This study examined the effects of autoregulated (AUTO) and non-autoregulated (NAUTO) blood flow restriction (BFR) application on adverse effects, performance, cardiovascular and perceptual responses during resistance exercise. The results showed that AUTO outperformed NAUTO in the failure protocol and had significantly lower DOMS 24 hours after exercise. Perceptions of effort and discomfort were significantly higher in NAUTO compared with AUTO. AUTO BFR training did not seem to affect cardiovascular stress differently, but was associated with lower DOMS, perceived effort and discomfort compared with NAUTO.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Catherine M. Avitabile, Michael G. McBride, Xuemei Zhang, Steve Ampah, Bryan H. Goldstein, Tarek Alsaied, Samuel G. Wittekind, Kevin K. Whitehead, Babette S. Zemel, Stephen M. Paridon
Summary: Peak work rate and anaerobic activity increased with lower extremity-focused training in adolescents with Fontan circulation. However, leg lean mass did not improve. Additionally, training had no impact on physical activity questionnaire, quality of life scores, exercise cardiac magnetic resonance performance, and peripheral vascular function.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristine Williams, German D. Carrasquilla, Lars Roed Ingerslev, Mette Yde Hochreuter, Svenja Hansson, Nicolas J. Pillon, Ida Donkin, Soetkin Versteyhe, Juleen R. Zierath, Tuomas O. Kilpelainen, Romain Barres
Summary: The study found that endurance exercise training remodels enhancer activity in skeletal muscle, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases, with exercise-induced enhancer remodeling locations also enriched in disease-associated genetic variants.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Amanda J. Genders, Jujiao Kuang, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, David J. Bishop
Summary: Exercise training can increase mitochondrial content and respiration, but high-intensity exercise may be limited by mild acidosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of administering ammonium chloride before each exercise session on mitochondrial content and respiration in rats. The results showed that ammonium chloride administration reduced the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial respiration in the soleus muscle but did not alter mitochondrial content. These effects were not observed in the white gastrocnemius muscle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra Grieb, Angelika Schmitt, Annunziata Fragasso, Manuel Widmann, Felipe Mattioni Maturana, Christof Burgstahler, Gunnar Erz, Philipp Schellhorn, Andreas M. Niess, Barbara Munz
Summary: microRNAs (miRs) in skeletal muscle of sedentary young healthy females were analyzed before and after endurance exercise. Downregulation of specific miRs and their involvement in fatty acid metabolism were observed. The expression of certain miRs was also correlated with training adaptation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. B. Miller, B. A. Murphy, A. A. Adams
Summary: The study investigated the effects of blue light therapy on hypertrichosis management in PPID horses, indicating that blue light therapy does not alter ACTH concentrations but may have potential for managing hypertrichosis in PPID horses.
DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jiangang Han, Sijia Ma, Benmeng Liang, Tianyou Bai, Yuhetian Zhao, Yuehui Ma, David E. MacHugh, Lina Ma, Lin Jiang
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the development of fat tail in fat-tail sheep through histological assays, transcriptome analysis, and functional assays. They discovered that fat deposition occurs in the tail at an early embryonic stage, and identified many differentially expressed genes and pathways involved in metabolism. The MTFP1 gene was found to play a crucial role in fat tail development and was highly correlated with other genes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Emmeline W. Hill, Martin A. Stoffel, Beatrice A. McGivney, David E. MacHugh, Josephine M. Pemberton
Summary: This study used genomic data from horses to investigate the effects of inbreeding on race performance and identified a genetic haplotype associated with a reduced probability of racing and increased risk of musculoskeletal injury.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James A. Ward, Gillian P. McHugo, Michael J. Dover, Thomas J. Hall, Said Ismael Ng'ang'a, Tad S. Sonstegard, Daniel G. Bradley, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Michael Salter-Townshend, David E. MacHugh
Summary: The phenotypic diversity of African cattle is a result of adaptation to environmental conditions and human selection, with evidence for coevolution between mitochondrially targeted nuclear genes.
Article
Ecology
Stacey M. Fairhurst, Gail E. Jackson, Andy Evans, Lorna J. Cole
Summary: Pollination plays a crucial role in oilseed rape yield and resource allocation. Wind and insect pollination can increase and stabilize yield by affecting growth and reproduction. Plants without supplementary pollination allocate more resources to growth, while pollinated plants allocate more resources to seed production.
BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Haige Han, Beatrice A. McGivney, Lucy Allen, Dongyi Bai, Leanne R. Corduff, Gantulga Davaakhuu, Jargalsaikhan Davaasambuu, Dulguun Dorjgotov, Thomas J. Hall, Andrew J. Hemmings, Amy R. Holtby, Tuyatsetseg Jambal, Badarch Jargalsaikhan, Uyasakh Jargalsaikhan, Naveen K. Kadri, David E. MacHugh, Hubert Pausch, Carol Readhead, David Warburton, Manglai Dugarjaviin, Emmeline W. Hill
Summary: Genetic variants in key genes related to muscle, metabolism, and neurobiology are identified in racehorse breeds, suggesting their important roles in shaping the athletic phenotype of horses bred for racing.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Amy R. Holtby, Thomas J. Hall, Beatrice A. McGivney, Haige Han, Keith J. Murphy, David E. MacHugh, Lisa M. Katz, Emmeline W. Hill
Summary: Using genomics analyses, we identified SNPs associated with behaviour in yearling Thoroughbred horses, which help horses adapt to training and reduce stress. These SNPs are near genes involved in social behaviour, autism spectrum disorder, suicide, stress-induced anxiety and depression, Alzheimer's disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, neuroinflammatory disease, fear-induced behaviours, and alcohol and cocaine addiction. These findings contribute to improving racehorse welfare by developing genetic markers.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emmeline W. W. Hill, Beatrice A. A. McGivney, David E. E. MacHugh
Summary: The proportion of the genome containing runs of homozygosity affects production traits in livestock populations. In European and Australasian Thoroughbreds, inbreeding quantified using ROH is associated with the probability of ever racing. In North American Thoroughbred horses, F-ROH was not associated with the probability of ever racing but was significantly associated with the number of race starts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy R. M. Holtby, Beatrice A. J. McGivney, John A. W. Browne, Lisa M. Katz, Keith J. Murphy, Emmeline W. Hill
Summary: Thoroughbred racehorses undergo intense training to ensure competitiveness. Maintaining physical soundness and desirable behavior is crucial for a successful racing career. Salivary cortisol concentration can be used to objectively measure individual variation in the stress response during training milestones.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mary F. Rooney, Nuno G. B. Neto, Michael G. Monaghan, Emmeline W. Hill, Richard K. Porter
Summary: Researchers established three novel equine muscle cell lines, reflecting the characteristics associated with the MSTN gene in horses. The cell lines showed similar phenotype and metabolic function to ex vivo muscle samples with different genotypes. This study contributes to understanding equine muscle metabolism, testing nutritional supplements, developing drug and gene doping tests.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Aileen Collery, John A. Browne, Christiane O'Brien, John T. Sheridan, Barbara A. Murphy
Summary: All mammals, including domesticated animals like horses, have an internal timing system that is regulated by daily rhythms of light and dark. A study on horses found that the clock gene rhythms in hair follicles were stronger under a custom-designed LED lighting system compared to an incandescent light bulb system. This suggests that improving stable lighting for horses can optimize their body clock function and overall health.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Noof Abdulrahman Alrabiah, Constantine A. Simintiras, Alexander C. O. Evans, Patrick Lonergan, Trudee Fair
Summary: Follicular fluid (FF) is a liquid environment composed of vascular transudate and secretions from granulosa and thecal cells, which supports the growth and maturation of oocytes and plays a crucial role in determining oocyte quality. However, the composition of bovine FF is not well-studied. In this study, the metabolomic constitution of bovine FF during oocyte maturation was comprehensively characterized. A total of 634 metabolites were identified, with various compositions and concentrations affected by the stage of follicle development. This analysis provides new insights into the environment supporting oocyte maturation and has the potential to improve oocyte quality. Rating: 7/10
REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Seongmin Kim, Heejun Jung, Barbara Anne Murphy, Minjung Yoon
Summary: This study aimed to explore the efficiency of the Equilume light mask on the resumption of seasonal estrous cycles in Thoroughbred mares on Jeju Island. The results demonstrated that the Equilume light mask can be an effective approach to induce early seasonal estrus cycles of mares in Jeju Island, and it also enhances the efficiency of farm management by reducing labor.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)