Article
Psychology, Experimental
Anita Keshmirian, Ophelia Deroy, Bahador Bahrami
Summary: Moral judgments are influenced by social interactions, with collective judgments tending to be more utilitarian than individual judgments. This is likely because group deliberation and consensus reduce the emotional burden of norm violation.
Article
Microbiology
Electine Magoye, Lukas Nageli, Andreas Buhlmann, Maja Hilber-Bodmer, Peter Keller, Konrad Muhlethaler, Arnaud Riat, Jacques Schrenzel, Florian M. Freimoser
Summary: Fungicide applications can lead to the evolution of resistant, pathogenic fungi, and the sensitivity of environmental fungi to fungicides is mostly unknown. This study found that clinical Aureobasidium isolates were more fungicide sensitive compared to agricultural isolates, suggesting the selection for fungicide tolerance of non-target fungi in agricultural ecosystems.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Xiao P. Peng, Andres Caballero-Oteyza, Bodo Grimbacher
Summary: It has been 50 years since the introduction of the term common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), which has undergone numerous revisions in its understanding and application for diagnosis and management. The classification and definition of CVID remain controversial, but the expanded understanding of its genotypic and phenotypic overlap with other immunological conditions has been greatly enhanced by routine genotyping of CVID patients, which has revealed a diverse range of pathophysiological mechanisms. The lessons learned from CVID biology have greatly contributed to our understanding of both adaptive and innate immunity.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Economics
Carlo D'Ippoliti
Summary: Citation counts are increasingly used for rankings, with social scientists and economists having different views on their validity. The debates on citation metrics focus on their technical use and the implications for scientific quality. Research shows that social relations and ideological proximity play a significant role in citations, challenging the interpretation of citations as unbiased proxies of scientific quality.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Christoph Randler, Felicitas Heil
Summary: Biodiversity is declining worldwide, and so is knowledge about it. In this study, birding specialization and bird-related interest/activity were found to be the most important predictors of species knowledge. Men and garden owners were able to identify more species, while employees scored higher than students. Future studies should consider including factors such as interest and attitude.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Zhendong Guo, Zijun Zhang, Yun Chen, Guangjian Ma, Liming Song, Jun Li, Zhenping Feng
Summary: In this study, a generalized surrogate-assisted differential evolution algorithm (GSDE) is proposed to solve the high-dimensional optimization problem in turbomachinery cascade design. Through validation on benchmark functions and practical cascade optimization, the GSDE algorithm is observed to obtain the true optimal solution with fewer function calls and has a better convergence rate.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Jeffery Marker, Eva Bergman, Rolf Lutz Eckstein, Denis Lafage
Summary: Retention of forested buffers around streams is a common management technique to protect aquatic resources and ecosystem services. However, buffer size does not significantly affect the functional diversity of spiders and vascular plants. Other buffer variables have direct effects on their functional diversity.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Tarun K. Jella, Thomas B. Cwalina, Jenna E. Schmidt, Victoria S. S. Wu, Taylor M. M. Yong, Heather A. Vallier
Summary: The economic burden of traumatic injuries leads to difficult tradeoffs between healthcare and nutrition. Individuals reporting fractures are more likely to experience food insecurity if they are aged between 45 and 64 years, have a low household income, are current tobacco smokers, and are of Black race.
CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. Seifried, H. Beuther, S. Walch, J. Syed, J. D. Soler, P. Girichidis, R. Wuensch
Summary: This study investigates the cold atomic hydrogen (H I) content of molecular clouds near the solar system through simulations. The findings indicate that the previous estimates of cold H I in molecular clouds might have been underestimated, while HISA observations tend to underestimate the amount of cold H I due to temperature variations and optical depth effects. Observational biases should be considered when interpreting the N-H I probability distribution functions derived from HISA observations. The high H I column densities can partly be attributed to multiple HI-H-2 transitions along the line of sight.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fang Liu, An Liu, Zhihuang Zhu, Yilei Wang, Haihui Ye
Summary: This study identified a CFSH gene, Lvit-CFSH1b, in the peppermint shrimp Lysmata vittata, and found that it plays a crucial role in regulating gonadal development in crustaceans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Vincent Formica, Hannah Donald, Hannah Marti, Zhazira Irgebay, Edmund Brodie
Summary: Behaviours exhibited during social interactions are influenced by local social context, leading to more variation in selection compared to static characters like morphology. Studies show that different subpopulations exhibit significant differences in selection on social phenotypes and morphology.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Meredith A. Zettlemoyer, Katarina Renaldi, Michael D. Muzyka, Jennifer A. Lau
Summary: This study investigates the phenological responses of extirpated and extant plant species to temperature and precipitation in winter and spring, showing that extinct species may exhibit more variable responses to temperature than extant species, which may reduce their likelihood of extinction.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Kristina Braun-Koch, Winfried Rief, Sarah Teige-Mocigemba
Summary: This study investigates the effects of role model videos on therapy expectations and attitudes towards psychotherapy. The results show that the use of videos can change individuals' attitudes, while focusing on similarities between the model and observer does not have this effect. Attentional interference and depth of cognitive evaluation are discussed as possible explanations.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Liang Ma, Ofir Levy, Lauren B. Buckley, Chao Hou, Wei-guo Du
Summary: Squamate reptiles exhibit two reproductive modes: oviparity and viviparity. Existing large-scale studies suggest that viviparous species are more vulnerable to climate warming based on viviparous species occupying relatively colder environments, which are predicted to decline in availability under climate warming. However, oviparous and viviparous squamates are geographically widespread and their distributions often overlap. This study used Sceloporus lizards in North America as a model system and found that under climate warming, oviparous females are predicted to increase reproductive frequency more than viviparous females, which may lead to decreased maternal energy balance. Interestingly, the developmental success and offspring energy balance of oviparous species are predicted to decline at some sites under climate warming, while this is not predicted to happen for viviparous species. These findings highlight the variability in response to climate warming between oviparous and viviparous species, with oviparous species in hot areas with high temperature variation being especially vulnerable.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Samuel E. LeBlanc, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Jens Redemann, Connor Flynn, Roy R. Johnson, Stephen E. Dunagan, Robert Dahlgren, Jhoon Kim, Myungje Choi, Arlindo da Silva, Patricia Castellanos, Qian Tan, Luke Ziemba, Kenneth Lee Thornhill, Meloe Kacenelenbogen
Summary: This study investigates the temporal and spatial variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol size over Korea during the 2016 KORUS-AQ atmospheric experiment. The results show that aerosol angstrom ngstrom exponent (AE) and fine-mode fraction (FMF) exhibit higher spatial variability compared to AOD. The findings are important for reducing uncertainties in aerosol direct radiative effect.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)