Article
Environmental Sciences
Marion Chatelain, Sylvie Massemin, Sandrine Zahn, Eliza Kurek, Ewa Bulska, Marta Szulkin
Summary: The study found that urban MTE pollution has negative effects on the reproductive outputs of great tits and blue tits, especially copper and arsenic concentrations affecting nestling weight and fledging success. Among the three biological materials, MTE concentrations in nestling feathers were more closely correlated with reproductive success. These results highlight the impact of MTE absorption on individual fitness and emphasize the importance of investigating MTE exposure using nestling feathers in hole-nesting bird species.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lucian Gideon Conway, Shailee R. Woodard, Alivia Zubrod, Marcela Tiburcio, Nora Angelica Martinez-Velez, Angela Sorgente, Margherita Lanz, Joyce Serido, Rimantas Vosylis, Gabriela Fonseca, Zan Lep, Lijun Li, Maja Zupancic, Carla Crespo, Ana Paula Relvas, Kostas A. Papageorgiou, Foteini-Maria Gianniou, Tayler Truhan, Dara Mojtahedi, Sophie Hull, Caroline Lilley, Derry Canning, Esra Ulukok, Adnan Akin, Claudia Massaccesi, Emilio Chiappini, Riccardo Paracampo, Sebastian Korb, Magdalena Szaflarski, Almamy Amara Toure, Lansana Mady Camara, Aboubacar Sidiki Magassouba, Abdoulaye Doumbouya, Melis Mutlu, Zeynep Nergiz Bozkurt, Karolina Grotkowski, Aneta M. Przepiorka, Nadia Sarai Corral-Frias, David Watson, Alejandro Corona Espinosa, Marc Yancy Lucas, Francesca Giorgia Paleari, Kristina Tchalova, Amy J. P. Gregory, Talya Azrieli, Jennifer A. Bartz, Harry Farmer, Simon B. Goldberg, Melissa A. Rosenkranz, Jennifer Pickett, Jessica L. Mackelprang, Janessa M. Graves, Catherine Orr, Rozel Balmores-Paulino
Summary: This study examines the influence of cultural factors on the effects of age, biological sex, and political beliefs on pandemic outcomes in a multi-national sample. The findings reveal similarities across cultures, but these effects are generally qualified by culture-specific variance. The study also suggests that cultural differences are consistent with models of pre-existing inequalities and socioecological stressors exacerbating the effects of the pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Utku Urhan, Magnus Mardberg, Emil Isaksson, Kees van Oers, Anders Brodin
Summary: Motor inhibition ability was compared between two closely related passerines that share the same habitat. Blue tits performed worse than great tits in a transparent cylinder task and did not improve their performance after experience with a transparent cylinder-like object, unlike the great tits. This performance difference may be due to differences in foraging behavior between these species.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Javier Sierro, Selvino R. de Kort, Katharina Riebel, Ian R. Hartley
Summary: In species with mutual mate choice, adaptive signaling is expected in both sexes. However, the role of female sexual signals is often overlooked. This study focuses on female birdsong in the well-studied blue tit species and reveals that females sing frequently but with lower output compared to males. Female and male songs have overlapping acoustic structures but differ in individual repertoires and vocal consistency. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into female singing, particularly in temperate zones where it may have been overlooked.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Meiping Tian, Yi-Xin Wang, Xiaofei Wang, Heng Wang, Liangpo Liu, Jie Zhang, Bingru Nan, Heqing Shen, Qingyu Huang
Summary: This study reveals that low-dose arsenic exposure has an endocrine disrupting effect on male reproductive health by stimulating Leydig cell steroidogenesis and accelerating urinary steroid excretion. This extends previous knowledge of the inverse association between high-dose arsenic exposure and sexual steroid production, which is believed to be anti-androgen.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Peter Santema, Lotte Schlicht, Kristina B. Beck, Bart Kempenaers
Summary: Research shows that factors such as age, time of day, and other aspects of fledging behavior are not affected even in the presence of simulated predation risk. However, nestlings exposed to predator treatment are more likely to fledge alone rather than with siblings. Parents visited predator-treated nests less frequently, but this effect decreased over time.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Adara C. Velasco, Esperanza S. Ferrer, Juan Jose Sanz
Summary: Territorial behavior is a strategy to ensure individuals' access to potentially limiting resources. This study explores the expression of different strategies of male-male aggressiveness and their role in establishing territories during breeding season. Results suggest that aggressiveness is context-specific and shaped by environmental and intrinsic factors.
Article
Biology
Karla J. Suchacki, Benjamin J. Thomas, Yoshiko M. Ikushima, Kuan-Chan Chen, Claire Fyfe, Adriana A. S. Tavares, Richard J. Sulston, Andrea Lovdel, Holly J. Woodward, Xuan Han, Domenico Mattiucci, Eleanor J. Brain, Carlos J. Alcaide-Corral, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Gillian A. Gray, Phillip D. Whitfield, Roland H. Stimson, Nicholas M. Morton, Alexandra M. Johnstone, William P. Cawthorn
Summary: Studies have shown that caloric restriction (CR) can reduce the risk of age-related diseases in various species, including humans. However, there are sex and age-dependent differences in the metabolic effects of CR. Young female mice showed less improvement in fat loss, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity compared to young males, which may be due to differences in lipolysis, energy expenditure, and fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, the sex differences in glucose homeostasis were associated with altered hepatic ceramide content and substrate metabolism. In aged mice and overweight/obese humans, the sex differences in CR's effects were reduced or absent. These findings highlight the importance of adipose tissue, the liver, and estrogen as key determinants of CR's metabolic benefits.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Lotte Schlicht, Peter Santema, Bart Kempenaers
Summary: Copulations outside the pair bond are common among socially monogamous birds, but males differ in their extrapair siring success. A large body of research has focused on the ultimate causes and consequences of this variation, but the behavioural mechanisms underlying extrapair siring success remain poorly understood. Previous work showed that male songbirds that start singing earlier at dawn sire more extrapair offspring, suggesting that early morning activity influences the likelihood of obtaining extrapair copulations.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thaina Rosinvil, Justin Bouvier, Jonathan Dube, Alexandre Lafreniere, Maude Bouchard, Jessica Cyr-Cronier, Nadia Gosselin, Julie Carrier, Jean-Marc Lina
Summary: Aging is associated with reduced density and amplitude of slow waves during nonrapid-eye movement sleep. Adjusting slow wave amplitude criteria based on age and sex reduced differences in wave density and characteristics, with age-related differences being maintained while sex-related differences disappeared. This suggests that age-related decline in slow wave generation is real, rather than an artifact in detection criteria.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Patrice Sutton, Nicholas Chartres, Swati D. G. Rayasam, Natalyn Daniels, Juleen Lam, Eman Maghrbi, Tracey J. Woodruff
Summary: This study reviewed the methodological strengths and weaknesses of expert-based narrative and systematic reviews in environmental health. The findings indicate that systematic reviews produced more useful, valid, and transparent conclusions compared to non-systematic reviews, although poorly conducted systematic reviews were prevalent. Ongoing development and implementation of empirically based systematic review methods are necessary to ensure transparent and timely decision making in environmental health to protect public health.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Youssoufa M. Ousseine, Nathalie Lydie, Annie Velter
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the number of men who have sex with men (MSM) eligible for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in France and evaluate the direct cost of PrEP roll-out. Based on the study findings, there were approximately 398,015 sexually active HIV-negative MSM in 2019, and an estimated 142,379 and 104,645 individuals eligible for PrEP according to Menza score and official French criteria, respectively. The overall estimated cost of PrEP roll-out for eligible MSM ranged from Euro 317,685,216 to Euro 545,903,216 according to official French criteria. To accelerate the process, the study suggests decentralizing PrEP delivery, authorizing general practitioners to write prescriptions, and promoting PrEP through information campaigns.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christina Blevins, Geraldine Busquets-Vass, Mario A. Pardo, Diane Gendron, Jeff K. Jacobsen, Francisco Gomez-Diaz, Hector Perez-Puig, Christian Daniel Ortega-Ortiz, Gisela Heckel, Jorge R. Urban, Lorena Viloria-Gomora, Seth D. Newsome
Summary: Migration is a complex behavior for whales, and changes in prey abundance along their migratory routes can have serious implications for individual fitness and population viability. Stable isotope analysis of whale baleen provides valuable information on individual migratory and foraging patterns, as well as habitat selection for conservation purposes.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Khawlah Alateeq, Erin Walsh, Walter P. Abhayaratna, Nicolas Cherbuin
Summary: This study found that there is an association between blood pressure and brain volumes and white matter lesions (WMLs). Higher blood pressure is associated with worse cerebral health, while lower body mass index and anti-hypertensive medication may have a protective effect.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jakob C. Mueller, Esteban Botero-Delgadillo, Pamela Espindola-Hernandez, Carol Gilsenan, Phil Ewels, Joel Gruselius, Bart Kempenaers
Summary: Understanding the genomic landscape of adaptation is crucial for understanding microevolution in wild populations. Through scans and simulations, researchers have found that soft sweeps and hard sweeps are associated with gene expression and synaptic development. This highlights the importance of regulatory evolution in the population's adaptive history.