Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kuntai Li, Ganghui Li, Shuaiying Peng, Minghui Tan
Summary: This study focused on the overexpression of a keratinase gene in Bacillus subtilis to enhance the degradation of chicken feathers. The recombinant strain showed increased activity of disulfide reductase and keratinase, resulting in the rapid degradation of feathers and accumulation of free amino acids. Structural characterizations confirmed the breakdown of feather microstructure and polypeptide bonds by the recombinant strain. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of keratin degradation and offers a potential recombinant strain for the valorization of keratin wastes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Xiaojie Qin, Chuan Yang, Yujie Guo, Jiqian Liu, Johannes H. Bitter, Elinor L. Scott, Chunhui Zhang
Summary: Keratin regeneration from chicken feathers was achieved using ultrasound and Cysteine reduction without causing damage to the chemical structure and thermal stability of the regenerated keratin. The study provides an alternative method for keratin production from feather waste, showing promise in utilization and valorization.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tanyawat Kaewsalud, Kamon Yakul, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong, Wanaporn Tapingkae, Masanori Watanabe, Thanongsak Chaiyaso
Summary: The study successfully produced a highly efficient keratinase from Bacillus halodurans SW-X, which can be used for the hydrolysis of white chicken feathers and production of bioplastic starch/keratin. The enzyme showed high specificity towards chicken feather keratin and demonstrated the ability to degrade the waste feathers into valuable products.
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isha Sharma, Naveen Kango
Summary: This study successfully increased the efficiency of keratinase secretion by Ochrobactrum intermedium through optimizing process parameters, revealing that the enzyme exhibited high activity and stability under specific conditions. Additionally, calcium ions were found to enhance keratinase activity, while PMSF and EDTA were able to inhibit its activity, demonstrating high efficiency in degrading poultry feathers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nainpriya Babbar, Geetika Sharma, Shailendra Kumar Arya
Summary: This study evaluated the biochemical characteristics of Keratinase enzyme produced from Bacillus licheniformis, finding the optimal conditions and the effect of Triton X-100 on enzyme activity. The experiments revealed that the enzyme showed maximum activity at temperature 55 degrees C and pH 9, and the addition of Triton X-100 significantly enhanced its activity. The enzyme activity increased with increasing concentrations of Triton-X 100, but decreased beyond 0.4 (v/v) concentration. SEM analysis confirmed its keratinolytic activity in treating chicken feathers.
BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nonso E. Nnolim, Anthony I. Okoh, Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
Summary: This study utilized Bacillus sp. Okoh-K1 isolated from a municipal waste dumpsite to produce keratinase, optimized the production conditions, and characterized the enzyme. The keratinase exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability, showing great potential for biotechnology and industrial applications.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aysenur Mutlu, Aysegul Erdem, Mehmet Dogan
Summary: Using waste materials like chicken feathers and biobased flame-retardant additives has been proven to be an effective method for environmentally friendly and sustainable production. This study investigates the flame retardant effectiveness of melamine phytate (MPht) in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based biocomposites containing chicken feathers. Test results show that the highest UL-94 V rating of V0, a LOI value of 29.4%, and the lowest pHRR (110 Kw/m²) and THE (39 MJ/m²) values are achieved with the use of 20 wt% MPht. It is demonstrated that MPht acts as an effective flame-retardant filler through intumescent char formation and flame dilution.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiao-Dong Pei, Fan Li, Shi-Yang Yue, Xiao-Ni Huang, Tian-Tian Gao, Dao-Quan Jiao, Cheng-Hua Wang
Summary: This study reported the isolation of a highly efficient feather-degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4-3, which produces keratinase with high activity, thermal stability, and organic solvent tolerance. The keratinase from P. aeruginosa 4-3 efficiently degrades feathers, and the strain also produces aminopeptidases with similar characteristics, resulting in a high degradation rate of feathers when both enzymes are used together.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Malgorzata Dabrowska, Agata Sommer, Izabela Sinkiewicz, Antoni Taraszkiewicz, Hanna Staroszczyk
Summary: This study focused on the alkaline hydrolysis of keratin from chicken feathers, finding that the volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers' mass had a significant effect on process yield, while input variables did not significantly affect the molecular weight of peptides obtained. Statistical analysis reduced the number of trials, improving experimental efficiency.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gyulim Park, Kwang Min Lee, Young Seok Lee, Yedam Kim, Chae Min Jeon, O-Mi Lee, Yu-Jin Kim, Hong-Joo Son
Summary: In this study, a rapid and eco-friendly method for the degradation and valorization of feather waste using keratinase-producing Pseudomonas geniculata H10 was investigated. The results revealed that strain H10 could completely degrade chicken feathers within 48 hours and produce high levels of amino acids. The keratinase exhibited optimal temperature and pH conditions, as well as stability and degradation capability for various insoluble keratins.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Nagarajan Siddharthan, Ramasamy Balagurunathan, Natarajan Hemalatha
Summary: In this study, a novel feather-degrading Geobacillus thermodenitrificans PS41 bacterial isolate was identified from poultry farm soil. The isolated bacterial isolates showed significant feather degradation with keratinase enzyme production, indicating their potential in biodegradation of feather waste.
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhen Wang, Yanzhen Chen, Mingchen Yan, Keyi Li, Charles Obinwanne Okoye, Zhen Fang, Zhong Ni, Huayou Chen
Summary: Keratin is difficult to degrade and often leads to waste due to its resistance to conventional proteases. Keratinase has shown the most potential for degrading feathers, but large-scale application faces challenges. Finding keratinase that is highly active, resistant to acid and temperature, and affordable is urgent. Researchers have been exploring the degradation mechanism and modification of keratinases for decades. This review critically introduces the properties and mechanism of keratinase, and focuses on its current modification status and future application and modification strategies.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Qinyuan Ma, Ya Ning Zhang, Xue Zheng, Fang Luan, Ping Han, Xianghe Zhang, Yanmiao Yin, Xiaoxiao Wang, Xiuzhen Gao
Summary: This study screened and identified a highly efficient wool-degrading bacterium, Lysobacter brunescens YQ20. Under the optimal conditions, this strain was able to degrade wool fiber waste into 15 essential amino acids, with a concentration 8.6-fold higher than previously reported strains. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 18 keratinase-like genes in the genome of YQ20, suggesting its potential application in environmentally friendly wool waste management.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhongtao Sun, Xianyao Li, Kexin Liu, Xiaoli Chi, Liying Liu
Summary: This study isolated Bacillus pumilusJYL bacteria from soil sample, which can degrade feathers and promote plant growth, providing a potential method for utilizing feather waste as nitrogen fertilizer.
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Claudia M. Botelho, Pedro Ferreira-Santos, Duarte Toubarro, Hugo Dinis, Hugo Osorio, Augusto Costa-Barbosa, Paula Sampaio, Nelson Simoes, Jose A. Teixeira
Summary: The research presented in this paper highlights the potential medical applications of peptides extracted from feathers, particularly in wound healing and skin disease treatment. The size of the peptides molecules can modulate the migration rate of keratinocytes, with caution needed when in contact with cells in an inflammatory process.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nilima Kolli, Scott C. Garman
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM
(2015)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Landon J. Edgar, Ravi N. Vellanki, Trevor D. Mckee, David Hedley, Bradly G. Wouters, Mark Nitz
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2016)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
P. H. Boasquevisque, V. Schoeneberger, L. Caporiccio, R. N. Vellanki, M. Koritzinsky, B. G. Wouters
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2017)
Article
Oncology
Mei Ding, Theodorus H. Van der Kwast, Ravi N. Vellanki, Warren D. Foltz, Trevor D. McKee, Nahum Sonenberg, Pier P. Pandolfi, Marianne Koritzinsky, Bradly G. Wouters
MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sanjana Chowdhury, Eric Yung, Melania Pintilie, Hala Muaddi, Selim Chaib, ManTek Yeung, Manlio Fusciello, Jenna Sykes, Bethany Pitcher, Anna Hagenkort, Trevor Mckee, Ravi Vellanki, Eric Chen, Robert G. Bristow, Bradly G. Wouters, Marianne Koritzinsky
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haiyang Guo, Xinpei Ci, Musaddeque Ahmed, Junjie Tony Hua, Fraser Soares, Dong Lin, Loredana Puca, Aram Vosoughi, Hui Xue, Estelle Li, Peiran Su, Sujun Chen, Tran Nguyen, Yi Liang, Yuzhe Zhang, Xin Xu, Jing Xu, Anjali V. Sheahan, Wail Ba-Alawi, Si Zhang, Osman Mahamud, Ravi N. Vellanki, Martin Gleave, Robert G. Bristow, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, John T. Poirier, Charles M. Rudin, Ming-Sound Tsao, Bradly G. Wouters, Ladan Fazli, Felix Y. Feng, Leigh Ellis, Theo van der Kwast, Alejandro Berlin, Marianne Koritzinsky, Paul C. Boutros, Amina Zoubeidi, Himisha Beltran, Yuzhuo Wang, Housheng Hansen He
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jay Bassan, Lisa M. Willis, Ravi N. Vellanki, Alan Nguyen, Landon J. Edgar, Bradly G. Wouters, Mark Nitz
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qin Wu, David Heidenreich, Stanley Zhou, Suzanne Ackloo, Andreas Kraemer, Kiran Nakka, Evelyne Lima-Fernandes, Genevieve Deblois, Shili Duan, Ravi N. Vellanki, Fengling Li, Masoud Vedadi, Jeffrey Dilworth, Mathieu Lupien, Paul E. Brennan, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith, Susanne Mueller, Oleg Fedorov, Panagis Filippakopoulos, Stefan Knapp
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kulandaimanuvel Antony Michealraj, Sachin A. Kumar, Leo J. Y. Kim, Florence M. G. Cavalli, David Przelicki, John B. Wojcik, Alberto Delaidelli, Andrea Bajic, Olivier Saulnier, Graham MacLeod, Ravi N. Vellanki, Maria C. Vladoiu, Paul Guilhamon, Winnie Ong, John J. Y. Lee, Yanqing Jiang, Borja L. Holgado, Alex Rasnitsyn, Ahmad A. Malik, Ricky Tsai, Cory M. Richman, Kyle Juraschka, Joonas Haapasalo, Evan Y. Wang, Pasqualino De Antonellis, Hiromichi Suzuki, Hamza Farooq, Polina Balin, Kaitlin Kharas, Randy Van Ommeren, Olga Sirbu, Avesta Rastan, Stacey L. Krumholtz, Michelle Ly, Moloud Ahmadi, Genevieve Deblois, Dilakshan Srikanthan, Betty Luu, James Loukides, Xiaochong Wu, Livia Garzia, Vijay Ramaswamy, Evgeny Kanshin, Maria Sanchez-Osuna, Ibrahim El-Hamamy, Fiona J. Coutinho, Panagiotis Prinos, Sheila Singh, Laura K. Donovan, Craig Daniels, Daniel Schramek, Mike Tyers, Samuel Weiss, Lincoln D. Stein, Mathieu Lupien, Bradly G. Wouters, Benjamin A. Garcia, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith, Poul H. Sorensen, Stephane Angers, Nada Jabado, Peter B. Dirks, Stephen C. Mack, Sameer Agnihotri, Jeremy N. Rich, Michael D. Taylor
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qin Wu, Wail ba-alawi, Genevieve Deblois, Jennifer Cruickshank, Shili Duan, Evelyne Lima-Fernandes, Jillian Haight, Seyed Ali Madani Tonekaboni, Anne-Marie Fortier, Hellen Kuasne, Trevor D. McKee, Hassan Mahmoud, Michelle Kushida, Sarina Cameron, Nergiz Dogan-Artun, WenJun Chen, Yan Nie, Lan Xin Zhang, Ravi N. Vellanki, Stanley Zhou, Panagiotis Prinos, Bradly G. Wouters, Peter B. Dirks, Susan J. Done, Morag Park, David W. Cescon, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, Mathieu Lupien, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rahul Rana, Ravi N. Vellanki, Bradly G. Wouters, Mark Nitz
Summary: This study demonstrates a method to track a molecule in vivo by appending tellurophene to teniposide. Mass cytometry revealed significant nonspecific binding of the molecule to cells. In vivo experiments confirmed the expected DNA damage caused by tellurium-bearing teniposide, although the distribution of this analogue in tissue was close to the detection limit.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lei Huang, Olivia Hough, Ravi N. Vellanki, Mamoru Takahashi, Zhiyuan Zhu, Yun-Yan Xiang, Manyin Chen, Hemant Gokhale, Hongchao Shan, Sahar Soltanieh, Lei Jing, Xinliang Gao, Bradly G. Wouters, Marcelo Cypel, Shaf Keshavjee, Mingyao Liu
Summary: This study found that adding L-alanyl-L-glutamine during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) can improve lung tissue function, provide antioxidant and cytoprotective effects, and provide additional energy support for lung transplantation. The study also developed a method to further optimize perfusates and improve EVLP outcomes.
JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mathepan Jeya Mahendralingam, Hyeyeon Kim, Curtis William McCloskey, Kazeera Aliar, Alison Elisabeth Casey, Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan, Davide Pellacani, Vladimir Ignatchenko, Mar Garcia-Valero, Luis Palomero, Ankit Sinha, Jennifer Cruickshank, Ronak Shetty, Ravi N. Vellanki, Marianne Koritzinsky, Vid Stambolic, Mina Alam, Aaron David Schimmer, Hal Kenneth Berman, Connie J. Eaves, Miquel Angel Pujana, Thomas Kislinger, Rama Khokha
Summary: Cancer cells adapt their metabolic network from the tissue of origin. Normal mammary cells exhibit diverse metabolic programs, with basal cells enriched in glycolysis and luminal progenitors in oxidative phosphorylation. Targeting these metabolic vulnerabilities in mammary progenitors could potentially advance breast cancer therapy, as breast cancer subtypes retain metabolic features of their putative cell of origin.
Article
Biology
Mona Shehata, Hyeyeon Kim, Ravi Vellanki, Paul D. Waterhouse, Mathepan Mahendralingam, Alison E. Casey, Marianne Koritzinsky, Rama Khokha
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Oncology
Eric Leung, Rob A. Cairns, Naz Chaudary, Ravi N. Vellanki, Tuula Kalliomaki, Eduardo H. Moriyama, Hilda Mujcic, Brian C. Wilson, Bradly G. Wouters, Richard Hill, Michael Milosevic
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
