Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ken Kurokawa, Yoku Hayakawa, Kazuhiko Koike
Summary: The discovery of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells has revolutionized ISC research, revealing their crucial role in maintaining intestinal epithelium homeostasis and regeneration. Regulatory mechanisms in the stem cell niche and the role of inflammatory cytokines in epithelial regeneration are key areas of current understanding in ISC research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Mia C. Borlongan, Hongbin Wang
Summary: Tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cells within tumors that have distinct genetic and phenotypic profiles and signaling pathways compared to other tumor cells. Targeting the unique self-renewal and differentiation properties of CSCs could revolutionize cancer therapy. Understanding the signaling mechanisms of CSCs will improve our knowledge of cancer pathology and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Nathalie Sphyris, Michael C. Hodder, Owen J. Sansom
Summary: The intestinal epithelium performs diverse functions, constantly renewing cells to maintain its barrier against toxins. Stem cells play a crucial role in this process under the guidance of the niche signals. Dysfunction of intestinal stem cells may contribute to the development of colorectal cancer.
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Peter Walentek
Summary: Mucociliary epithelia play a crucial role in protecting organs such as the respiratory tract against inhaled particles and pathogens. Understanding the mechanisms of cell type composition and maintenance in these epithelia is important for the treatment of various diseases. Studies have revealed important signaling control mechanisms in mucociliary cell types, highlighting the plasticity of cell identity. This review summarizes major findings and provides perspectives for future research and treatment of chronic airway diseases associated with tissue remodeling.
CELLS TISSUES ORGANS
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Xi-Min Hu, Zhi-Xin Li, Dan-Yi Zhang, Yi-Chao Yang, Shen-ao Fu, Zai-Qiu Zhang, Rong-Hua Yang, Kun Xiong
Summary: Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are valuable resources for studying adult stem cells and hair loss therapy, with potential therapeutic targets for skin and hair disorders. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in regulating the fate of HFSCs, providing a better understanding of pathophysiological changes in the HFSC niche.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Shivohum Bahuguna, Siamak Redhai, Jun Zhou, Tianyu Wang, Fillip Port, Michael Boutros
Summary: The study evaluated the ability of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in inducing stem cell-derived tumors in the intestine of Drosophila. Perturbing Notch and BMP signaling increased proliferation of ISCs/EBs and led to tumor formation with different efficiencies. Continuous high expression of Cas9 in ISCs/EBs blocked age-dependent proliferation and prevented tumorigenesis when combined with specific gRNAs.
Article
Biology
Alejandro Herreros-Pomares
Summary: Chemoresistance, tumor progression, and metastasis are common features in cancer that are associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are promising targets for future cancer therapy. However, CSCs still remain largely unknown. Further research is needed to explore the deregulation of pathways in non-tumorigenic stem cells (SCs) and identify new therapeutic targets. Additionally, the search for specific CSC markers is still under development.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xinmiao He, Ziliang Qin, Ran Teng, Ming Tian, Wentao Wang, Yanzhong Feng, Heshu Chen, Haijuan He, Haifeng Zhang, Di Liu, Xinpeng Jiang
Summary: The Min pig, a national-level protected pig in China, has unique characteristics compared to other commercial pigs. In this study, the structure and gene expression of hair follicles in Min pigs were analyzed, and it was found that Wnt and BMP signaling pathways can stimulate follicle stem cells in Min pigs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ohman Kwon, Kwang Bo Jung, Kyeong-Ryoon Lee, Ye Seul Son, Hana Lee, Jong-Jin Kim, Kwangho Kim, Seop Lee, Yoo-Kyung Song, Jaeeun Jung, Kunhyang Park, Dae-Soo Kim, Myung Jin Son, Mi-Ok Lee, Tae-Su Han, Hyun-Soo Cho, Soo Jin Oh, Haeun Chung, Sang-Heon Kim, Kyung-Sook Chung, Janghwan Kim, Cho-Rok Jung, Mi-Young Son
Summary: A reproducible two-step protocol was developed to induce human pluripotent stem cells into highly expandable hIEC progenitors and functional hIEC monolayers. This system is more suitable for predicting CYP3A4 metabolism and intestinal absorption than traditional Caco-2 cells.
Article
Cell Biology
William B. McIntyre, Mehran Karimzadeh, Yasser Riazalhosseini, Mohamad Khazaei, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: Transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) is a promising regenerative strategy for neural repair. Precisely controlling culture conditions, such as cell density, is crucial for maintaining stem cells. This study found that higher plating density of hiPSC-NPCs led to better neuronal differentiation ability in vitro, highlighting the importance of controlling culture conditions in NPC transplantation therapies.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Janine Hafliger, Marlene Schwarzfischer, Kirstin Atrott, Claudia Stanzel, Yasser Morsy, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Silvia Lang, Tomas Valenta, Konrad Basler, Gerhard Rogler, Michael Scharl, Marianne R. Spalinger
Summary: The loss of GP96 in the adult mice intestine leads to the degeneration of the stem cell niche, the eradication of the epithelial layer, and ultimately death. This is due to defects in Wnt and Notch signaling, as well as massive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. GP96 also plays a critical role in regulating the renewal and differentiation of intestinal stem cells.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Sumitra Tatapudy, Jobelle Peralta, Todd Nystul
Summary: In Drosophila ovarian epithelial follicle stem cells, the E2 ubiquitin ligase, Bendless, plays multiple roles in JNK signaling, differentiation, proliferation, and niche competition, with a relationship to hedgehog signaling pathway regulation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiayao Feng, Shuting Qiu, Shipeng Zhou, Yue Tan, Yan Bai, Hua Cao, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: This paper explores the various mechanisms by which mTOR regulates lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota, autophagy, inflammation, genetic polymorphisms, and epigenetics in NAFLD. The research suggests that mTOR plays a crucial role in the development of NAFLD and provides new therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara R. R. Martins-Neves, Gabriela Sampaio-Ribeiro, Celia M. F. Gomes
Summary: Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor containing self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) responsible for tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance. Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling pathways, crucial for self-renewal and differentiation of normal stem cells, have been identified as important regulators of osteosarcoma CSCs and resistance to cancer therapies. Targeting these pathways, embryonic markers, and the tumor microenvironment could be a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve prognosis in osteosarcoma patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kyle Stokes, Malika Nunes, Chantelle Trombley, Danilo E. F. L. Flores, Gang Wu, Zainab Taleb, Abedalrhman Alkhateeb, Suhrid Banskota, Chris Harris, Oliver P. Love, Waliul Khan, Luis Rueda, John B. Hogenesch, Phillip Karpowicz
Summary: The study found that the clock gene Bmal1 regulates intestinal stem cell pathways, and the loss of circadian rhythms increases tumor initiation. In the colorectal cancer model, the occurrence of Apcmin tumors is associated with Bmal1 or circadian rhythm disruption, showing weak intrinsic clock function in tumors.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Caroline Atyeo, Lydia L. Shook, Nadege Nziza, Elizabeth A. Deriso, Cordelia Muir, Arantxa Medina Baez, Rosiane S. Lima, Stepan Demidkin, Sara Brigida, Rose M. De Guzman, Madeleine D. Burns, Alejandro B. Balazs, Alessio Fasano, Lael M. Yonker, Kathryn J. Gray, Galit Alter, Andrea G. Edlow
Summary: This study investigated the immune response to a COVID-19 mRNA booster dose in pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant women. The results showed that receiving a booster dose during pregnancy induces a strong immune response and provides protection against variants such as Omicron. Boosting in the third trimester of pregnancy can increase the levels of maternal and neonatal immunity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jacopo Troisi, Martina Lombardi, Giovanni Scala, Pierpaolo Cavallo, Rennae S. Tayler, Steven J. K. Symes, Sean M. Richards, David C. Adair, Alessio Fasano, Lesley M. McCowan, Maurizio Guida
Summary: Metabolomic analysis may provide an important improvement in early prenatal screening for detecting fetal malformations. In this study, an ensemble machine learning model based on maternal serum metabolomic signatures showed a high diagnostic accuracy in detecting both chromosomal anomalies and structural defects. Further research is needed to identify specific types of malformations and confirm these findings on larger study populations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lucas Wauters, Raul Y. Tito, Matthias Ceulemans, An Outtier, Leen Rymenans, Chloe Verspecht, Joao Sabino, Marc Ferrante, Severine Vermeire, Tim Vanuytsel, Jeroen Raes
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Narisorn Lakananurak, Lisa Moccia, Elizabeth Wall, Jean Herlitz, Hilary Catron, Edward Lozano, Adela Delgado, Tim Vanuytsel, David Mercer, Sophie Pevny, Mark Berner-Hansen, Leah Gramlich
Summary: This study examined the characteristics of adult chronic intestinal failure (CIF) centers and their patients globally. The results showed that most centers manage around 100 CIF patients, and there were variations in the composition of multidisciplinary teams (MDT).
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Mathias Clarysse, Pieter Van Aelst, Tim Vanuytsel, Diethard Monbaliu, Laurens J. Ceulemans, Ann Mertens, Roman Vangoitsenhoven, Bart van der Schueren, Matthias Lannoo, Jacques Pirenne, Ellen Deleus
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Astrid Verbiest, Palle Bekker Jeppesen, Francisca Joly, Tim Vanuytsel
Summary: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare gastrointestinal condition caused by extensive surgical resection, resulting in less than 200 cm of remaining small intestine. This condition is associated with a high risk for intestinal failure (IF) and requires parenteral support (PS). This review focuses on the role of the colon in SBS-IF, including intestinal adaptation, energy salvage, and the impact of the microbiota. Additionally, the effects of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogs, a disease-modifying treatment, in SBS-IF patients with and without a colon are discussed. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of preserving the colon in SBS-IF.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
B. W. L. C. M. Broeders, F. Carbone, L. M. Balsiger, J. Schol, K. Raymenants, I. Huang, A. Verheyden, T. Vanuytsel, J. Tack
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD), focusing on the shift towards duodenal mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that duodenal factors such as acid, bile salt exposure, eosinophil and mast cell activation are associated with symptoms and can be related to gastric sensorimotor dysfunction. Future research should focus on inhibiting duodenal mast cell activation, eosinophilia, and loss of mucosal integrity for the treatment of FD.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tom de Waal, Joachim Brouwers, Philippe Berben, Talia Flanagan, Jan Tack, Wim Vandenberghe, Tim Vanuytsel, Patrick Augustijns
Summary: Parkinson's disease may not only impact the motor system but also the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of intestinal fluids in PD patients is generally similar to healthy controls, with only minor differences. These differences may be attributed to slower gastric emptying and altered intestinal bacterial metabolism.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
T. Vanuytsel
Summary: Functional dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal disorder without organic lesions causing upper abdominal symptoms. Although changes in gastric physiology were previously thought to be responsible, they poorly correlate with symptom severity and treatment efficacy. Recent research has identified the duodenum as a key player in the pathophysiology, with impaired barrier function, immune activation, and microbial changes associated with symptom severity. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first-line treatment and have anti-inflammatory effects on the duodenum, similar to their effects in eosinophilic esophagitis. Additionally, specific probiotic strains show promising results in reducing postprandial symptoms through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
ACTA GASTRO-ENTEROLOGICA BELGICA
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
T. Vanuytsel, C. Reenaers
ACTA GASTRO-ENTEROLOGICA BELGICA
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
L. Bosman, L. Wauters, T. Vanuytsel
Summary: Functional dyspepsia is a common chronic condition characterized by upper abdominal symptoms in the absence of organic cause. First line treatments such as proton-pump inhibition or Helicobacter pylori eradication often do not provide enough symptom relief. This study reviewed randomized controlled trials and found that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been shown to be effective in treating functional dyspepsia, while other neuromodulating agents like tetracyclic antidepressants, levosulpiride, and anxiolytics may be beneficial but lack conclusive evidence. Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were not found to be beneficial.
ACTA GASTRO-ENTEROLOGICA BELGICA
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lael M. Yonker, Alessio Fasano, David R. Walt
Article
Immunology
Chien-Wen Su, Chih-Yu Chen, Tangyou Mao, Ning Chen, Nicholas Steudel, Lefei Jiao, Jinggang Lan, Alessio Fasano, W. Allan Walker, Hai Ning Shi
Summary: This study aimed to determine the impact of maternal immunity and microbial factors on the induction and development of obesity in offspring. The results showed that maternal infection with helminths and the resulting changes in gut microbiota composition significantly reduced offspring obesity. Furthermore, supplementation of short-chain fatty acids to the pups of uninfected mothers protected against high-fat diet-induced weight gain.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Guy Boeckxstaens, Stefanie Elsen, Ann Belmans, Vito Annese, Albert J. Bredenoord, Olivier R. Busch, Mario Costantini, Uberto Fumagalli, Andre J. P. M. Smout, Jan Tack, Tim Vanuytsel, Giovanni Zaninotto, Renato Salvador
Summary: The 10-year follow-up of the European Achalasia Trial comparing endoscopic pneumodilation (PD) with laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) showed that both treatments are equally effective in treating achalasia, with limited risk of developing gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
M. Ceulemans, P. Huyghe, I. Cetin, A. Van de Geer, I. Jacobs, J. Cremer, L. Wauters, J. Tack, T. Vanuytsel
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. Prabakaran, Amit Alexander
Summary: The molecular interactions and mucoadhesive nature of chitosan-coated liposomes with mucin are crucial for the development of an effective drug delivery system. The positively charged SA-CH-LPs showed stronger interaction and better mucoadhesive properties compared to negatively charged SALPs, thereby improving drug retention in the nasal cavity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maryam Noei-Khesht Masjedi, Esmaeil Sadroddiny, Jafar Ai, Saeed Balalaie, Yazdan Asgari
Summary: This study discovered an effective strategy for cargo sorting within exosomes by incorporating an appropriate cleavage site, providing further insight into the potential of exosomes as nano-shuttles bearing therapeutic biomolecules.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei -Gee Yap, Chee-Yuen Gan
Summary: This study collected the sequences of 128 tyrosinase inhibitory peptides and analyzed their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity properties and amino acid profiles. Molecular docking analysis was used to investigate the binding interactions between peptides and tyrosinase. The study found that hydrophobic and/or polar neutral properties facilitate or stabilize peptide binding with tyrosinase, and short peptides with cysteine and tyrosine tend to bind to the active site of tyrosinase. These findings provide detailed explanations for the relationship between peptide/amino acid structures and tyrosinase inhibition, as well as potential anti-melanogenesis mechanisms for peptide-based treatments against skin hyperpigmentation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ye Yang, Hai-Lian Chen, Su Fang Wu, Wei Bao
Summary: The study found that CHMP4B and VPS4A play an important role in reversing GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis by facilitating cell membrane remodeling in endometrial carcinoma.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aya Al Othman, Dmitry Bagrov, Julian M. Rozenberg, Olga Glazova, Gleb Skryabin, Elena Tchevkina, Alexandre Mezentsev, Mikhail Durymanov
Summary: Arc protein is found in glutamatergic neurons of vertebrates and can be transferred between neurons in extracellular vesicles (EVs). In glioma cells, Arc protein is also present in EVs and can facilitate the transfer of mRNA, potentially contributing to tumor progression and affecting synaptic plasticity in cancer patients.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nan Zhang, Meng-yu Shen, Qing-li Meng, Hao-ping Sun, Fang-yi Fan, Hai Yi, Yong-jian Yang
Summary: In this study, it was demonstrated for the first time that FAT1 inhibited AML proliferation by reducing autophagy level. FAT1 achieved this by decreasing the expression of ATG4B, which is related to autophagy. Mechanistically, FAT1 decreased the levels of phosphorylated and intranuclear smad2/3, thus decreasing the activity of the ATG4B gene promoter. It was also found that FAT1 competitively bound to TGF-beta R II, leading to reduced phosphorylation of TGF-beta R I and smad2/3. Knockdown of FAT1 promoted AML autophagy and proliferation in vivo.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oleh Demianchuk, Myroslava Vatashchuk, Dmytro Gospodaryov, Viktoria Hurza, Marian Ivanochko, Vitalii Derkachov, Vladyslav Berezovskyi, Oleh Lushchak, Kenneth B. Storey, Maria Bayliak, Volodymyr I. Lushchak
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) on the behavior, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress markers in the cerebral cortex of mice. The results showed that HFFD stimulated locomotion and defecation, while an AKG-supplemented diet had a tendency to promote anxiety-like behavior. Additionally, there were significant differences in glutathione-dependent detoxification and processes related to autophagy between the two diets.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yusaku Chukai, Ginga Ito, Yasuo Miki, Koichi Wakabayashi, Ken Itoh, Eriko Sugano, Hiroshi Tomita, Tomokazu Fukuda, Taku Ozaki
Summary: The study found that mitochondrial calpain-5 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ischemia-reperfusion injury and is expressed in the human and mouse brains. Targeting the expression or activity of mitochondrial calpain-5 may have significant implications for suppressing inflammation during I/R injuries such as cerebrovascular diseases.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aline Dias da Purificaca, Victor Debbas, Leonardo Yuji Tanaka, Gabriele Veronica de Mello Gabriel, Joao Wosniak Junior, Tiphany Coralie De Bessa, Sheila Garcia-Rosa, Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo, Percillia Victoria Santos Oliveira
Summary: The ER transmembrane chaperones DNAJB12 and DNAJB14 play important roles in protein folding and ER stress response. They are regulated by thiol redox processes and are involved in ER protein reflux.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ekaterina O. Bryanskaya, Andrey Y. Vinokurov, Angelina I. Dolgikh, Andrey Dunaev, Plamena R. Angelova, Andrey Y. Abramov
Summary: FAD autofluorescence in cells can assess enzymatic activity, and its intensity variations may be related to different cell types and tissues. High levels of FAD autofluorescence can indicate cell pathology and potentially predict the occurrence of apoptosis and necrosis.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rumei Luan, Manyu Luo, Dongyan Ding, Xin Su, Junling Yang
Summary: Zinc deficiency can worsen obesity-related lung damage, and Nrf2 activation is one of the important mechanisms of this protective effect. Regulating zinc homeostasis can contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity-related lung injury.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2024)
