Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Xinyu Gong, Lifeng Pan
Summary: The recruitment of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex to phagophore, which is crucial in autophagosome formation, relies on the specific interaction between ATG16L1 and WIPI2. It has been found that ATG16L1 contains two distinct WIPI2-binding sites, WBS1 and the newly identified WBS2, and the binding mechanism between ATG16L1 WBS2 and WIPI2 is conserved across species. The integrity of these two WIPI2-binding sites in ATG16L1 is essential for normal autophagic flux.
Article
Cell Biology
Wei Wan, Wei Liu
Summary: STING interacts directly with WIPI2 to recruit WIPI2 to STING-positive vesicles for LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation. STING and PtdIns3P competitively bind to the FRRG motif of WIPI2, resulting in mutual inhibition between STING-induced and PtdIns3P-dependent autophagy. Additionally, the STING-WIPI2 interaction is essential for clearing cytoplasmic DNA and attenuating activated cGAS-STING signaling.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Marina N. Iriondo, Alicia Alonso
Summary: Recently, we investigated the membrane anchoring and lipidation process of six members of the LC3/GABARAP protein family and their ability to promote membrane tethering and fusion. GABARAP and GABARAPL1 exhibited the highest activities. Differences within the LC3/GABARAP proteins indicated the requirement of a lipidation threshold for tethering and inter-vesicular lipid mixing. The presence of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 (E3) increased and accelerated LC3/GABARAP lipidation and vesicle tethering, but hindered their capacity for inter-vesicular lipid mixing and fusion. Our findings suggest that LC3/GABARAP proteins contribute to phagophore expansion through vesicle tethering and fusion, in addition to the recently described inter-membrane lipid transfer mechanism.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jeong Hun Kim, Hyera Jung, Kyoungjun Song, Han Nim Lee, Taijoon Chung
Summary: Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) is a signaling phospholipid that is crucial for endomembrane trafficking, including autophagy and endosomal trafficking. The role of PI3P downstream effectors in plant autophagy, particularly regarding ATG18A and FYVE2, has been unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that FYVE3, a paralog of plant-specific FYVE2, interacts with ATG18A and FYVE2 and contributes to autophagy regulation. FYVE3 is transported to the vacuole and its delivery relies on PI3P biosynthesis and the canonical autophagic machinery. The fyve3 mutation suppresses defective autophagy in fyve2 mutants, suggesting a specific role of FYVE3 in FYVE2-dependent autophagy.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ainhoa Plaza-Zabala, Virginia Sierra-Torre, Amanda Sierra
Summary: Autophagy is a critical cellular process that helps cells clear debris and maintain innate immune function. Understanding autophagic flux is important for studying the stages of autophagy. To dissect the regulation and impact of autophagy, systematic analysis of both autophagosome formation and degradation stages is necessary.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Yao Huang, Yanhai Feng, Lin Cui, Lei Yang, Qiong Zhang, Junhui Zhang, Xupin Jiang, Xingyue Zhang, Yanling Lv, Jie-Zhi Jia, Dong-Xia Zhang, Yue-Sheng Huang
Summary: The study revealed the relationship between autophagy and necroptosis, showing that LC3 mediated interactions play a crucial role in regulating the necrotic process in cardiomyocytes. Disruption of autophagic flux led to increased necroptosis activation, while intact autophagic flux helped reduce necroptosis occurrence.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Lisa M. Strong, Chunmei Chang, Julia F. Riley, C. Alexander Boecker, Thomas G. Flower, Cosmo Z. Buffalo, Xuefeng Ren, Andrea K. H. Stavoe, Erika L. F. Holzbaur, James H. Hurley
Summary: The study elucidates the recruitment mechanism of ATG12-5-16L1 on the autophagosomal membrane through the binding of ATG16L1 with WIPI2d, providing a framework for understanding the regulatory node connecting the initiation of autophagy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina N. N. Iriondo, Asier Etxaniz, Yaiza R. R. Varela, Uxue Ballesteros, Melisa Lazaro, Mikel Valle, Dorotea Fracchiolla, Sascha Martens, L. Ruth Montes, Felix M. Goni, Alicia Alonso
Summary: In macroautophagy, the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 or E3-like complex plays a crucial role in AP formation by promoting LC3/GABARAP proteins anchoring to the AP membrane. However, E3 inhibits LC3/GABARAP capacity to induce inter-vesicular lipid mixing or subsequent fusion. Our results suggest a model of AP expansion in which the LC3/GABARAP proteins involved should be susceptible to lipidation in the absence of E3, or else a regulatory mechanism would allow vesicle incorporation and phagophore growth when E3 is present.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Thanh Ngoc Nguyen, Michael Lazarou
Summary: This study reconciles prior observations of the core ATG8 system into a unifying model, and discusses bypass pathways of autophagy that function independently of the core ATG8 system.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Harish Changotra, Sargeet Kaur, Suresh Singh Yadav, Girdhari Lal Gupta, Jyoti Parkash, Ajay Duseja
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial process in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and ATG5 plays a central role in this process. In addition to its role in autophagy, ATG5 also has autophagy-independent functions and is associated with various diseases.
CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomoko Okada, Toshihiko Ogura
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial intracellular self-devouring system that relies on various autophagy-related proteins. Researchers used a novel scanning electron-assisted dielectric microscope to observe cells containing LC3 and Atg12-containing autophagosomes, revealing differences in the localization and distribution of these proteins during formation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Kimberly L. Carey, Kai Liu, Ramnik J. Xavier
Summary: Human genetics and loss-of-function studies reveal the crucial role of autophagy in host defense, with a focus on the phosphoinositide phosphatase SACM1L. The study demonstrates that SACM1L enzymatic activity is essential to suppress intracellular Salmonella replication, providing insights into the mechanisms behind autophagic maturation and bacterial survival. The findings highlight the interplay between host defense and bacterial survival, dependent on the composition of autophagosomal membranes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zonghong Li, Xuewei Yin, Chunyi Lyu, Jingyi Wang, Kui Liu, Siyuan Cui, Shumin Ding, Yingying Wang, Jinxin Wang, Dadong Guo, Ruirong Xu
Summary: This study investigated the autophagy-induced effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 and found that ZnO NPs effectively inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Shimizu, Norito Tamura, Taki Nishimura, Chieko Saito, Hayashi Yamamoto, Noboru Mizushima
Summary: WIPI proteins are crucial for autophagy, with WIPI2 being vital for autophagic activity. However, the functions of WIPI1, WIPI3, and WIPI4 in autophagy are not well understood.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gemma G. Martinez-Garcia, Raul F. Perez, Alvaro F. Fernandez, Sylvere Durand, Guido Kroemer, Guillermo Marino
Summary: Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis, and dysfunction can lead to various pathologies. The metabolic effects of systemic reduction of autophagy are tissue-dependent, with skeletal muscle and plasma showing the most pronounced alterations. This study sheds light on how impaired autophagy may impact the metabolism of different tissues in mammals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher A. Lamb, Stefanie Nuehlen, Delphine Judith, David Frith, Ambrosius P. Snijders, Christian Behrends, Sharon A. Tooze
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Lisa A. Hannan, Michael S. Marks, Trina A. Schroer, Sharon A. Tooze
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sharon A. Tooze, James H. Hurley
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nuria Martinez-Martin, Paula Maldonado, Francesca Gasparrini, Bruno Frederico, Shweta Aggarwal, Mauro Gaya, Carlson Tsui, Marianne Burbage, Selina Jessica Keppler, Beatriz Montaner, Harold B. J. Jefferies, Usha Nair, Yan G. Zhao, Marie-Charlotte Domart, Lucy Collinson, Andreas Bruckbauer, Sharon A. Tooze, Facundo D. Batista
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Sharon A. Tooze, Lisa A. Hannan, Michael S. Marks, Tom H. Stevens, Trina A. Schroer
Review
Oncology
Maria New, Tim Van Acker, Jaclyn S. Long, Jun-ichi Sakamaki, Kevin M. Ryan, Sharon A. Tooze
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristiane Soreng, Michael J. Munson, Christopher A. Lamb, Gunnveig T. Bjorndal, Serhiy Pankiv, Sven R. Carlsson, Sharon A. Tooze, Anne Simonsen
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas J. Mercer, Andrea Gubas, Sharon A. Tooze
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2018)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Sharon A. Tooze
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Cell Biology
Asa Birna Birgisdottir, Stephane Mouilleron, Zambarlal Bhujabal, Martina Wirth, Eva Sjottem, Gry Evjen, Wenxin Zhang, Rebecca Lee, Nicola O'Reilly, Sharon A. Tooze, Trond Lamark, Terje Johansen
Article
Oncology
Maria New, Tim Van Acker, Jun-Ichi Sakamaki, Ming Jiang, Rebecca E. Saunders, Jaclyn Long, Victoria M-Y Wang, Axel Behrens, Joana Cerveira, Padhmanand Sudhakar, Tamas Korcsmaros, Harold B. J. Jefferies, Kevin M. Ryan, Michael Howell, Sharon A. Tooze
Review
Cell Biology
Justin Joachim, Sharon A. Tooze
BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
(2018)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun-Ichi Sakamaki, Jaclyn S. Long, Maria New, Tim Van Acker, Sharon A. Tooze, Kevin M. Ryan
TRANSCRIPTION-AUSTIN
(2018)
Review
Cell Biology
Li Yu, Yang Chen, Sharon A. Tooze
Article
Cell Biology
Mads Skytte Rasmussen, Sephane Mouilleron, Birendra Kumar Shrestha, Martina Wirth, Rebecca Lee, Kenneth Bowitz Larsen, Yakubu Abudu Princely, Nicola O'Reilly, Eva Sjottem, Sharon A. Tooze, Trond Lamark, Terje Johansen