期刊
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
卷 155, 期 8, 页码 1273-1279出版社
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0716-y
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资金
- Thailand Research Fund [BRG5180008]
- JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)
- Mahidol Medical Scholar Program
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Public Health Service
- NIAID, Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP) [HHSN266200700010C]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- Ministry of Health
- ERATO (Japan Science and Technology Agency)
- US CDC
The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 is known to induce high level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from primary macrophages. However, it is still unclear whether current H5N1 strains also induce high TNF-alpha production, as most of the data were derived from extinct clade 0 H5N1 strain. Here, we show that current clade 1 and 2 H5N1 strains induce variable levels of TNF-alpha that are not necessarily higher than those induced by seasonal influenza viruses. The result suggests that hyper-induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages is not always associated with a highly pathogenic phenotype. We further tested the contribution of the NS gene segment from H5N1 isolates to TNF-alpha induction by using reverse genetics. While NS conferred some variation in TNF-alpha induction when incorporated into an H1N1 virus genetic background, it did not affect TNF-alpha induction in an H5N1 virus genetic background, suggesting that other viral genes are involved.
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