Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Autumn Horne, Rachel Zahn, Oscar I. Najera, Randi C. Martin
Summary: Sentence comprehension relies on working memory to maintain and integrate linguistic information. Past research has shown that semantic working memory (WM) is crucial for integrating word meanings and resolving semantic interference in sentence comprehension, while phonological WM is less important. This study examined the relationship between phonological and semantic WM and comprehension of complex sentences. The findings suggest that semantic WM predicts comprehension of certain sentence types, while phonological WM may have a backup role in sentence processing when comprehension efficiency is reduced. Future research should explore the roles of phonological WM across different sentence types.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lok-Kin Yeung, Christiane Hale, Batool Rizvi, Kay Igwe, Richard P. Sloan, Lawrence S. Honig, Scott A. Small, Adam M. Brickman
Summary: The study found that the volume of the anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alERC) is associated with verbal memory retention and certain aspects of neuropsychological test performance, potentially related to cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Eleanora B. Hicks, Naba Ahsan, Apoorva Bhandari, Zaid Ghazala, Wei Wang, Bruce G. Pollock, Tarek K. Rajji, Sanjeev Kumar
Summary: The study found a strong association between performance on the PAL task and global cognition, with the PAL task showing high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating patients with Alzheimer's Dementia from healthy comparators. This suggests that the PAL task may serve as a valuable screening tool for AD.
INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Rahul Tyagi, Harshita Arvind, Manoj Goyal, Akshay Anand, Manju Mohanty
Summary: The neuropsychological profile of Indian DMD subjects is not well understood and requires evaluation. Results show poor verbal and visual memory profiles in DMD patients, with working memory deficits being a crucial element of cognitive functioning. Working memory interventions may help improve neuropsychological profiles in DMD cases.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Inge Scheper, Intl A. Brazil, Ellen R. A. de Bruijn, Larissa Mulder-Hanekamp, Roy P. C. Kessels
Summary: This study found that errorless learning can benefit memory performance in both young adults and older adults, compared to trial-and-error learning, suggesting that eliminating errors during the learning process can enhance memory recall.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Courtney Glavis-Bloom, Casey R. Vanderlip, John H. Reynolds
Summary: Research on aging marmosets has shown that aged animals exhibit delayed onset of learning, slowed learning rate after onset, and decreased asymptotic working memory performance, which are not accounted for by age-related impairments in motor speed and motivation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dheeraj S. Roy, Ying Zhang, Tomomi Aida, Chenjie Shen, Keith M. Skaggs, Yuanyuan Hou, Morgan Fleishman, Olivia Mosto, Alyssa Weninger, Guoping Feng
Summary: A specific region of the anterior thalamic nuclei plays a key role in spatial working memory tasks in aged mice, and targeting this region may be more beneficial for cognitive functions with fewer unintended effects compared to direct manipulation of the prefrontal cortex. Activation of neurons or circuits in this region can improve working memory, while direct activation of prefrontal cortex neurons may lead to increased anxiety levels in aged mice.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neuroimaging
Katherine J. Bangen, Lisa Delano-Wood, Sean C. L. Deoni, Alexandra L. Clark, Nicole D. Evangelista, Samantha N. Hoffman, Scott F. Sorg, Sophia Holmqvist, Jessica Osuna, Alexandra J. Weigand, Amy J. Jak, Mark W. Bondi, Melissa Lamar
Summary: Alterations to the fornix myelin water fraction are associated with poorer memory functioning in older adults, even after adjusting for other imaging measures, suggesting MWF could be a useful early marker of dementia risk.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xenia Kobeleva, Judith Machts, Maria Veit, Stefan Vielhaber, Susanne Petri, Mircea Ariel Schoenfeld
Summary: This fMRI study on ALS patients found significantly increased brain activity in the frontotemporal and parietal regions during working memory tasks, which was associated with better neuropsychological function within the patient group. The results suggest a compensatory effect in ALS patients during working memory execution.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sachi Paul, Elizabeth Baca, Simon Fischer-Baum
Summary: Single case cognitive neuropsychological investigations provide detailed descriptions of cognitive impairment in individual participants, offering a deeper understanding of the cognitive and neural processes underlying complex tasks. This case study demonstrates a link between spelling deficits and damage to the right cerebellum, highlighting the role of a cortical-cerebellar circuit in orthographic working memory.
Article
Neurosciences
Elizabeth L. Johnson, Hector Arciniega, Kevin T. Jones, Alexandrea Kilgore-Gomez, Marian E. Berryhill
Summary: The study suggests that applying noninvasive neurostimulation to older adults can improve their working memory. The effects of neurostimulation are influenced by education level and individual characteristics. Improvements in working memory are associated with specific changes in brain waves, providing theoretical support for enhancing cognitive ability in aging.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Samantha J. Booth, Laura J. E. Brown, Jason R. Taylor, Gorana Pobric
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of training schedule on the performance of working memory training (WMT) and its transfer tasks in healthy older adults. The results showed that participants were able to successfully perform the cognitively demanding intervention using their own devices at home, and comparable training effects were observed regardless of the intensity of the training schedule. However, while the WMT group showed significant improvement in the WMT task, there was no evidence of near or far transfer effects.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shengyuan Ni, Peng Chen, Yang Yang, Dejun Bao, Rui Zhang, Qi Pang
Summary: This study investigated the visual working memory (WM) capacity in patients with temporal lobe glioma. The results showed that patients with glioma had lower visual WM scores compared to healthy controls, suggesting that the temporal lobe may play a crucial role in the WM network.
EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Alexandria Nicole Holcomb, Chiara Francesca Tagliabue, Veronica Mazza
Summary: Older adults perform worse in visual working memory tasks compared to young adults, and the cause of this age-related decline is not fully understood. It is unclear whether the decline is solely due to a decrease in the number of representations older individuals can retain, or if the content of the representations also plays a role. Feature binding studies can provide insights into the content of older adults' representations. Manipulating both the content and number of representations in working memory can help test various models and their contribution to the age-related decline.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Morteza Ghayomzadeh, Pegah Mirzapour, Seyed Farzad Maroufi, Zahra Pashaei, Zoha Ali, Marcarious M. Tantuoyir, Narjes Aghaie, Farzin Vahedi, Roghayeh Salmani, Mehrzad MohsseniPour, Kowsar Qaderi, Ramin Shahidi, Akram Peyman, Sanaz Varshochi, Arian Afzalian, Seyede Parmis Maroufi, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Omid Dadras, Daniel Hackett
Summary: People living with HIV are at a higher risk of sarcopenia, which can significantly impact their quality of life and ultimately lead to death. This systematic review explored the prevalence of sarcopenia in this population and identified several factors associated with its development. The findings indicate that age, gender, time since HIV diagnosis, vertebral fractures, drug use, and gamma-glutamyl transferase level are promoting factors, while higher education, employment, physical exercise, calf circumference, and gait speed are protective factors against sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Chang-Ki Oh, Nima Dolatabadi, Piotr Cieplak, Maria T. Diaz-Meco, Jorge Moscat, John P. Nolan, Tomohiro Nakamura, Stuart A. Lipton
Summary: This article investigates the mechanism by which dysregulation of autophagic pathways leads to the accumulation of abnormal proteins and damaged organdies in neurodegenerative disorders. The authors found that pathologic protein S-nitrosylation of p62 is a critical factor for autophagic inhibition and cell-to-cell spread.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Graham M. L. Eglit, Jeremy A. Elman, Mathew S. Panizzon, Mark Sanderson-Cimino, McKenna E. Williams, Anders M. Dale, Lisa T. Eyler, Christine Fennema-Notestine, Nathan A. Gillespie, Daniel E. Gustavson, Sean N. Hatton, Donald J. Hagler, Richard L. Hauger, Amy J. Jak, Mark W. Logue, Linda K. McEvoy, Ruth E. McKenzie, Michael C. Neale, Olivia Puckett, Chandra A. Reynolds, Rosemary Toomey, Xin M. Tu, Nathan Whitsel, Hong Xian, Michael J. Lyons, Carol E. Franz, William S. Kremen
Summary: The study found that higher young adult GCA and better maintenance of GCA were associated with stronger specific cognitive abilities, and that high young adult GCA still conferred benefits even with poorer maintenance.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takumi Satoh, Dorit Trudler, Chang-Ki Oh, Stuart A. Lipton
Summary: This article reviews the potential applications of carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS) in rosemary for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and COVID-19. It highlights the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of CA, as well as its potential to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome. The article suggests that CA-related compounds could serve as therapeutics for acute and chronic neurological effects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ki-Ryeong Kim, Eun-Jung Cho, Jae-Won Eom, Sang-Seok Oh, Tomohiro Nakamura, Chang-ki Oh, Stuart A. Lipton, Yang-Hee Kim
Summary: This study reveals that S-nitrosylation of lysosomal protease cathepsin B (CTSB) inhibits its activity, blocks autophagic flux, and contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Kelli L. Sullivan, Matthew W. Gallagher, Romola S. Bucks, Michael Weinborn, Steven Paul Woods
Summary: MIsT has a robust factor structure across older adults and people with HIV disease. Total score of MIsT provides the most parsimonious solution, although subscales may also be used.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Steven Paul Woods, Anastasia Matchanova, Christina Alex, Samina Rahman, Michelle A. Babicz, Kelli L. Sullivan, Gunes Avci, Rodrigo Hasbun, Pariya L. Fazeli, Thomas P. Giordano
Summary: Creativity can help HIV patients overcome challenges in daily life. This pilot study found a positive correlation between neuropsychological functioning and creativity in HIV patients, regardless of different domains of creativity and premorbid IQ. However, creativity scores were not related to everyday functioning.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joshua M. Garcia, Yenifer L. Morales Mejia, Andrea P. Ochoa Lopez, Steven Paul Woods, Helen Valier, Luis D. Medina
Summary: This study translated the Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA) from English to Spanish and examined its reliability and validity through tele-assessment. The results showed that the MMAA had excellent internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Performance-based functional assessments and objective cognition were positively associated with the MMAA, while self-report measures of daily function and cognition, health literacy, and estimates of premorbid intellectual functioning were not significantly associated. The study provides preliminary evidence for the construct validity of a Spanish-language MMAA administered via tele-assessment.
APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Ilex Beltran-Najera, Andrea Mustafa, Desmond Warren, Zach Salling, Maria Misiura, Steven Paul Woods, Vonetta M. Dotson
Summary: This study aimed to determine the frequency and everyday functioning implications of vascular depression among people living with HIV. The results showed that HIV infection was associated with a three-fold increased risk of vascular depression, and PLWH with vascular depression had significantly greater odds of dependence in everyday functioning. This study highlights the clinical importance of understanding vascular depression in the context of HIV disease.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steven Paul Woods, Andrea Mustafa, Ilex Beltran-Najera, Anastasia Matchanova, Jennifer L. Thompson, Natalie C. Ridgely
Summary: This study examines the frequency and extent of effect size reporting in neuropsychology journal articles. The findings show increases in effect size reporting in the Methods and Results sections, but no significant changes in the Abstract, Introduction, and Discussion sections. Authors in neuropsychology journals have improved effect size reporting in the core sections, but still need to consider these metrics in motivating study hypotheses and interpreting their findings.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrea I. Mustafa, Steven Paul Woods, Shayne Loft, Erin E. Morgan
Summary: This study found that cognitive intraindividual variability is associated with prospective memory performance and symptoms among people living with HIV. The findings suggest that variability in cognitive test results is related to laboratory-based prospective memory accuracy, but has a weak relationship with self-reported prospective memory symptoms.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Tanya Smit, Nubia A. A. Mayorga, Andrew H. H. Rogers, Steven P. P. Woods, Luke F. F. Heggeness, Brooke Y. Y. Kauffman, Lorra Garey, Michael J. J. Zvolensky
Summary: Past research has established a link between negative mood and opioid misuse/dependence, but the underlying mechanisms have not been scientifically investigated. This study highlights the importance of anxiety sensitivity in understanding the relationship between negative mood and opioid use among adults with chronic pain.
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Steven Paul Woods, Antonio L. Teixeira, Lais B. Martins, Gabriel R. Fries, Gabriela D. Colpo, Natalia P. Rocha
Summary: The number of older persons with HIV (PWH) disease has significantly increased in the past 20 years, but our understanding of the biological factors and clinical correlates in this population remains limited. A study was conducted involving 149 individuals aged 50 and older, including 107 PWH and 42 seronegatives. Results showed that PWH had higher levels of epigenetic aging acceleration compared to seronegatives on four indicators. Furthermore, higher levels of epigenetic aging acceleration were associated with lower CD4 count, AIDS diagnoses, higher scores on the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index, lower telomere values, and lower health literacy among PWH. It was concluded that PWH experience accelerated aging, which may be linked to immune compromise and all-cause mortality risk. Improving health literacy could help mitigate the risk of accelerated aging among older PWH.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Anastasia Matchanova, Steven Paul Woods, Clayton Neighbors, Luis D. D. Medina, Kenneth Podell, Ilex Beltran-Najera, Christina Alex, Michelle A. A. Babicz, Jennifer L. L. Thompson
Summary: The online spread of COVID-19 misinformation has had negative effects on public health and society. This study examined the differences in discernment and sharing of COVID-19 misinformation between older and younger adults, as well as the role of cognitive abilities and health literacy. The findings suggest that headline accuracy judgment, numeracy, and verbal IQ are significant factors in the sharing of COVID-19 misinformation.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elliott Michael Gomez, Steven Paul Woods, Ilex Beltran-Najera
Summary: This study examines the association between health literacy and successful aging among people with HIV (PWH). Results suggest that higher health literacy is associated with a higher frequency of successful aging among older PWH. Older PWH are less likely to experience successful aging compared to older adults without HIV. Future studies may explore whether improving health literacy among younger PWH increases the likelihood of successful aging.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Yenifer L. Morales Mejia, Jennifer L. Thompson, Steven Paul Woods
Summary: Deficits in episodic verbal memory are commonly observed in persons with HIV disease, which impact everyday functioning. This study investigated deficits in episodic visual memory in HIV patients and found that encoding deficits were the primary issue. Factors related to other cognitive impairments in HIV patients include motor coordination and executive functions.
PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS
(2023)